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Topic: Volvulus

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	LAPAROSCOPIC TREATMENT OF VOLVULUS
		Volvulus of the sigmoid colon occurs in the face of three conditions; 1) Elongation of the sigmoid colon; 2) Narrowing of the base of the sigmoid mesocolon and 3); A torque force to the sigmoid colon, which initiates the torsion process.
		Cecal volvulus is less common than its sigmoid equivalent (1/7th - 1/10th as common) and its demographic features appear to have changed over the last half-century from a condition of both sexes in the second or third decade, to one affecting predominately females in the sixth decade.
		Mortality rates for cecal volvulus are primarily determined by the degree of bowel ischemia and vary from 12% for viable bowel and increase almost three fold to 32% in the presence of gangrene.
	www.lapsurgery.com /volvulus.htm (6212 words)

	Hemorrhoid.net - Volvulus
		A volvulus (VAHLV-yoo-lus) is a twisting of the stomach, or intestines.
		Volvulus is believed to be due to a redundant sigmoid colon or a mobile ascending colon, and may be precipitated by an unusual amount of residue in the involved portion of the bowel.
		In the case of a sigmoid volvulus there is a classical picture on barium enema X-ray that includes a "bird's-beak" appearance or sign, whereby the proximal rectum narrows down toward the point of the obstruction, thus creating a beaklike projection.
	www.hemorrhoid.net /volvulus.php (335 words)

	Dr. Koop - Volvulus - childhood
		A volvulus -- in this case occuring in childhood -- is a twisting of the bowel with obstruction of the flow of material through the bowel, variable loss of blood supply, and possible tissue death.
		A volvulus is a condition in which the bowel becomes twisted.
		Volvulus associated with malrotation often occurs early in life, frequently in the first year.
	www.drkoop.com /ency/93/000985.html (350 words)

	ASCRS
		Colonic volvulus is a twisting of a segment of colon resulting in an obstruction and sometimes ischemia.
		As cecal volvulus usually affects a younger population, appendicitis, ruptured ovarian cyst, urinary tract infection, cecal diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and small bowel obstruction are included in the differential diagnosis.
		Rapid diagnosis, resuscitation, and surgery are imperative as the mortality in gangrenous cecal volvulus is 17% to 40%.
	www.fascrs.org /displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=344 (3738 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Ch. 106, Gastric Disorders
		The less common type, mesenteroaxial volvulus, involves a rotation of the stomach on its vertical axis passing through the center of the lesser and greater curvatures.
		The combination of upper abdominal pain and distention, an inability to vomit, and an impediment to nasogastric tube insertion is known as Borchardt's triad.
		Volvulus is usually diagnosed by a plain or contrast x-ray of the abdomen.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmg/sec13/ch106/ch106f.jsp (332 words)

	DIGESTIVE DISORDERS - Volvulus
		Volvulus refers to the twisting of a portion of the intestine around itself or a stalk of mesentery tissue to cause an obstruction.
		Volvulus is a surgical emergency because gangrene can develop quickly, cause a hole in the wall of the bowel (perforation), and become life-threatening.
		Cecal volvulus is the twisting of the caecum and ascending segment of the colon.
	www.medic8.com /digestive-disorders/volvulus.htm (810 words)

	Volvulus and Midgut Malrotations - Patient UK
		In midgut volvulus, the classic radiographic finding is a partial duodenal obstruction (dilation of both stomach and proximal duodenum, with a small amount of distal bowel gas).
		Volvulus is corrected by rotating the small intestine in a counterclockwise direction, the caecum is placed in the left abdomen, and the duodenum is directed down the right paravertebral gutter.
		Because volvulus is such a devastating complication in children, evidence supports operative treatment of asymptomatic malrotation, using the Ladd procedure.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/40000404 (1736 words)

	Colonic Volvulus: an Unusual PresentatIon of Malrotation
		Whereas midgut volvulus secondary to midgut malrotation is the most common and feared complication, there are instances where the defect is secondary to lack of fixation of the large bowel.
		The purpose of this report is to describe an unusual and rare cause of colonic volvulus secondary to lack of fixation of the right side of the colon, and to alert pediatricians and surgeons to this unusual presentation of malrotation.
		After reduction of the volvulus, the right side of the colon was found to be totally mobile, and together with the transverse colon twisted at the point of fixation at the splenic flexure.
	www.kfshrc.edu.sa /annals/174/96-259r.html (1170 words)

	UpToDate Sigmoid volvulus
		Volvulus of other portions of the alimentary tract, such as the stomach, gallbladder, small bowel, splenic flexure, and transverse colon, are rare.
		— Volvulus of the sigmoid colon represents approximately 40 to 70 percent of colonic volvulus depending upon the age of patients and the geographic location of the series [1-4].
		As an example, sigmoid volvulus was responsible in 80 percent of cases of intestinal obstruction from the Bolivian and Peruvian Andes [5], and 50 percent of cases of large bowel obstruction in Nigeria [9].
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=gi_dis/17324 (388 words)

	eMedicine - Gastric Volvulus : Article by Mohamed Akoad, MD
		Rarely, gastric volvulus may be a complication of liver transplant and may be related to ligation of the hepatogastric ligament during the hepatectomy.
		The Borchardt triad (pain, retching, and inability to pass a nasogastric tube) is diagnostic of acute volvulus and reportedly occurs in 70% of cases.
		Cozart JC, Clouse RE: Gastric volvulus as a cause of intermittent dysphagia.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic2714.htm (1675 words)

	eMedicine - Intestinal Volvulus : Article by Andre Hebra, MD
		If volvulus is intermittent, children may have chronic malabsorption from congestion and edema or intermittent bouts of symptoms, usually vomiting and alternating diarrhea and constipation.
		If volvulus has developed as a consequence of intestinal malrotation, the obstruction typically is complete, and compromise to the blood supply of the midgut has started (because of the twisting of the mesentery at the narrow pedicle of the superior mesenteric artery).
		In the case of volvulus, rapid procession to the operating room may be necessary, and all facilitating measures should be taken.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic1205.htm (7147 words)

	uhrad.com - Body Imaging Teaching Files
		Discussion: Cecal volvulus is a condition characterized by twisting or folding of the right colon so that the cecum is located in the mid abdomen or left upper quadrant.
		Approximately 90% of patients with cecal volvulus have an axial twist of a segment of the riight colon while about 10% have a cephalad fold of the cecum across the ascending colon which is termed a cecal bascule.
		Cecal volvulus have been described to occur in a variety of clinical situations such as colonoscopy, barium enema, and pregnancy.
	www.uhrad.com /ctarc/ct029.htm (373 words)

	eMedicine - Midgut Volvulus : Article by Janet R Reid
		Midgut volvulus is a condition in which the intestine has become twisted as a result of malrotation of the intestine during fetal development.
		Midgut volvulus: The close proximity of the cecum to the duodenum is associated with a narrow stalk of mesentery around which the gut may twist, resulting in midgut volvulus (see Image 1).
		Mortality associated with midgut volvulus is at least 15%, and there is a high incidence of short gut syndrome, total parenteral nutrition dependence, and resultant cirrhosis.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic450.htm (2434 words)

	eMedicine - Gastric Volvulus : Article Excerpt by: Mohamed Akoad, MD
		Gastric volvulus is defined as an abnormal rotation of the stomach of more than 180°, creating a closed loop obstruction that can result in incarceration and strangulation.
		Frequency: Because many cases of chronic volvulus are not diagnosed, the incidence and prevalence of gastric volvulus is unknown.
		Gastric volvulus in children is often secondary to congenital diaphragmatic defects.
	www.emedicine.com /med/byname/gastric-volvulus.htm (515 words)

	ACVS - Gastric Dilatation/Volvulus
		The treatment of this condition involves stabilization of the patient, decompression of the stomach and surgery to return the stomach to the normal position permanently (gastropexy) and evaluate abdominal organs for damage and treat them appropriately as determined at the time of surgery.
		This syndrome is not completely understood; however, we know that there is an association in dogs that have a deep chest (increased thoracic height to width ratio), dogs that are fed a single large meal once daily, older dogs and dogs that are related to other dogs that have had the condition.
		Mortality (death) rates associated with gastric dilatation and volvulus have been reported to be approximately 15%.
	www.acvs.org /AnimalOwners/HealthConditions/SmallAnimalTopics/GastricDilatationVolvulus (1563 words)

	APSA :: Resources for Parents : Malrotation and Volvulus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Malrotation is an abnormal arrangement or twisting of the intestine inside the abdomen, which is also known as volvulus, that may result in loss of blood flow to the intestine.
		Most children who present with acute volvulus of the intestines are babies less than a year old; one-third of these babies are less than one week old, and more than half are less than one month old.
		When the diagnosis of volvulus is made in your child, preoperative preparations for the operation should be made quickly because bowel damage can develop.
	www.eapsa.org /parents/rotational.cfm (1544 words)

	Digestive and Liver Disorders - Intestinal Malrotation and Volvulus
		A volvulus is a problem that can occur after birth as a result of intestinal malrotation.
		Malrotation of the intestines is not usually evident until the intestine becomes twisted (volvulus) or obstructed by Ladd's bands and symptoms are present.
		A volvulus is considered a life-threatening problem, because the intestine can die when it is twisted and does not have adequate blood supply.
	www.musckids.com /health_library/digest/malrotat.htm (1195 words)

	Surgical Care at the District Hospital
		Volvulus is the rotation of a loop of bowel on its mesenteric axis, resulting in partial or complete obstruction.
		Subacute volvulus does not require emergency reduction, but should be treated urgently (within 3 hours).
		Keep your face well aside from the tube and the sigmoidoscope at this stage, as successful entry into the volvulus will be evidenced by a sudden profuse outpouring of foul-smelling liquid faeces mixed with gas.
	www.steinergraphics.com /surgical/003_07.6B.html (561 words)

	Small Animal Gastroenterology, General Review Page, Gastric Dilatation / Volvulus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Volvulus occasionally occurs as a chronic condition in dogs and results in mild gastrointestinal signs without hemodynamic compromise.
		When volvulus occurs, the pylorus moves from its normal position in the right cranial abdominal quadrant.
		In experimentally induced volvulus without dilation, gastric perfusion was only 22% of that of control dogs.
	caltest.vet.upenn.edu /sagastro/genrev/revgdv.htm (2378 words)

	Malrotation and volvulus - Family factsheets - GOSH and ICH
		Vomiting is another symptom of volvulus, as your child is unable to digest food as usual.
		The effects of the adhesions and volvulus, like dehydration due to the lack of fluids being absorbed, can become serious quite quickly in children, and so there are no alternatives to the operation.
		If your child had a large amount of bowel removed, he or she may need to stay on TPN for a longer period, sometimes for a year or longer, until the bowel can absorb enough nutrients for normal growth and development.
	www.ich.ucl.ac.uk /factsheets/families/F040073 (1561 words)

	Bloat (Gastric Torsion, Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus)
		The gastric dilatation is one part of the condition and the volvulus or torsion is the second part.
		Once this rotation (volvulus) occurs and the blood supply is cut off, the stomach begins to die and the entire blood supply is disrupted and the animal's condition begins to deteriorate very rapidly.
		However, almost all dogs that have a volvulus develop it as a result of a dilatation.
	caninebreeds.bulldoginformation.com /bloat-gastric-dilatation-volvulus.html (699 words)

	AR Online » 50Back Issues » November 2000 » Cecal volvulus
		Despite a radiological diagnosis of cecal volvulus, a contrast enema was requested for conﬁrmation.
		Colonic volvulus represents 10% of cases of large-bowel obstruction, and cecal volvulus represents approximately 40% of all such cases.
		The ﬁrst, fulminant, with strangulation and the mesenteric torsion causing arterial and venous obstruction, occurs coincidentally with the rotation.
	www.appliedradiology.com /case/case.asp?Id=1&IssueID=50 (955 words)

	volvulus Search Results From Healthline
		A volvulus -- in this case occuring in childhood -- is a twisting of the bowel with obstruction of the flow of material through the bowel, variable loss of...
		Volvulus can lead to gangrene and death of that segment of the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal obstruction, perforation of the intestine, and.
		Intestinal Volvulus - The study and treatment of malrotation and volvulus have a long and intriguing history.
	www.healthline.com /search?q1=volvulus (525 words)

	Sigmoid Volvulus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although the findings are characteristic of sigmoid volvulus, a distended and downwardly displaced transverse colon may mimic it, by forming a pseudovolvulus.
		Sigmoid volvulus is produced when a long redundant sigmoid twists about its mesenteric axis in either direction and forms a closed loop obstruction.
		Volvulus of sigmoid most commonly occurs in elderly and psychiatrically disturbed patients.
	brighamrad.harvard.edu /Cases/bwh/hcache/5/full.html (392 words)

	Teaching File Case#14 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		There is rotation of the stomach upward around its long axis so the antrum changes from the inferior to a superior position with the greater curve higher than the lesser curvature of the stomach.
		A double air fluid level is seen in the upright position, one in the fundus, which is inferior, one in the antrum, which is superior.
		Ziprkowski MN, Teele LR: Gastric Volvulus in Childhood.
	www.uab.edu /pedradpath/case14.html (396 words)

	Gastric Dilatation-volvulus - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		The pylorus is displaced to the left of the midline, the duodenum becomes entrapped between the distal esophagus and the stomach, and the spleen may vary in position from left posterodorsal to right anterodorsal (depending on the extent of volvulus).
		The goals of surgical management are to assess the integrity of the stomach and spleen, to reposition the stomach to its normal location, and to fix the stomach to the abdominal body wall in an attempt to decrease the likelihood of recurrence of volvulus.
		Excessive exercise should be avoided to decrease the likelihood of volvulus, and consumption of large volumes of water after exercise should be avoided to limit gastric distention.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/23305.htm (1739 words)

	eMedicine - Cecal Volvulus : Article Excerpt by: Ali Nawaz Khan, MBBS, LRCP, FRCS, FRCP, FRCR
		In general, a partial malrotation is necessary for cecal volvulus to occur, because the cecum and also parts of the ascending colon are involved.
		Many studies of cecal volvulus have focused on the possibility of volvulus of the right colon occurring in association with obstructive lesions, usually in the left colon (Rivo, 1957).
		As many as a third of the patients with cecal volvulus have this variety, and reduction of cecal bascule after barium enema examination is reported.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/byname/cecal-volvulus.htm (647 words)

	Bloat (Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus) in Dogs
		The gastric dilatation is one part of the condition and the volvulus or torsion is the second part.
		Once this rotation (volvulus) occurs and the blood supply is cut off, the stomach begins to die and the entire blood supply is disrupted and the animal's condition begins to deteriorate very rapidly.
		A dog with gastric dilatation without volvulus can show all of these signs, but the more severe signs are likely to occur in dogs with both dilatation and volvulus.
	www.peteducation.com /article.cfm?cls=2&cat=1571&articleid=402 (1368 words)

	Bloat! Gastric Dilitation, Volvulus In The Dog at ThePetCenter.com
		With Torsion or Volvulus present, far greater damage occurs to internal blood vessels and stomach tissues, plus the spleen gets caught up in the twisted mess of tissues and becomes starved for oxygen along with the stomach.
		Eventually the heart is affected due to the major interruptions in blood flow and heart rhythms; plus the pressure on the heart and diaphragm prevents normal cardio-pulmonary function.
		If there is a Volvulus present and the twisting of the esophagus/stomach junction prevents passing the stomach tube into the stomach, the doctor will need to incise the stomach to dissipate the gas and bring the stomach back to a reasonable state of size and pressure.
	www.thepetcenter.com /sur/bloat.html (1830 words)

	Volvulus definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms
		Volvulus: Abnormal twisting of the intestine which can impair the blood flow to the intestine.
		Volvulus can lead to gangrene and death of that segment of the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal obstruction, perforation of the intestine, and peritonitis.
		Volvulus is the Latin word for rolled up or twisted and is derived from the verb volvere, meaning to roll or turn about.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=31499 (191 words)

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