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Topic: Von Neumann architecture

	Von Neumann architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The separation of storage from the processing unit is implicit in the von Neumann architecture.
		However, the Harvard architecture concept should be mentioned as a design which stores the program in an easily modifiable form, but not using the same storage as for general data.
		The term "von Neumann bottleneck" was coined by John Backus in his 1977 ACM Turing award lecture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Von_Neumann_architecture (1618 words)

	John von Neumann - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Von Neumann was invited to Princeton, New Jersey in 1930, and was one of four people selected for the first faculty of the Institute for Advanced Study (two of which were Albert Einstein and Kurt Gödel), where he was a mathematics professor from its formation in 1933 until his death.
		Von Neumann was diagnosed with bone cancer or pancreatic cancer in 1957, possibly caused by exposure to radioactivity while observing A-bomb tests in the Pacific, and possibly in later work on nuclear weapons at Los Alamos, New Mexico.
		Von Neumann had collaborated with spy Klaus Fuchs on hydrogen bomb development, and the two filed a secret patent on "Improvement in Methods and Means for Utilizing Nuclear Energy" in 1946, which outlined a scheme for using a fission bomb to compress fusion fuel to initiate a thermonuclear reaction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_von_Neumann (3847 words)

	Von Neumann architecture: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		Von Neumann architecture refers to computer architectures that use the same data storage for their instructions and data (in contrast to the Harvard architecture).
		A von Neumann Architecture computer has five parts: an arithmetic-logic unit, a control unit, a memory, some form of input/output and a bus that provides a data path between these parts.
		Von Neumann computers spend a lot of time moving data to and from the memory, and this slows the computer (this problem is called von Neumann bottleneck) So, engineers often separate the bus into two or more busses, usually one for instructions, and the other for data.
	www.encyclopedian.com /vo/Von-Neumann-bottleneck.html (624 words)

	United States of America Medal of Freedom Recipient John von Neumann
		Von Neumann is considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians of the 20th century, whose work included mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics, logic, mathematical economic theory and ballistics.
		Von Neumann was now a rising star in the academic world, lecturing on new ideas, assisting other great minds of the time with their own works, and creating an image for himself as a likable and witty young genius in his early twenties.
		Von Neumann was affectionate with his new daughter, but did not contribute to the care of her or to the housework, which he considered to be the job of the wife.
	www.medaloffreedom.com /JohnvonNeumann.htm (3779 words)

	Contexts of Paradox
		Von Neumann received the principal credit to some extent because he was the one who documented the ideas, who elaborated the concepts, and who took it upon himself to tell the rest of the world about the work.
		John von Neumann was born Janos Newmann in Budapest, Hungary on 28 December, 1903, the eldest of three brothers.
		Von Neumann went to Princeton in 1930, the year after he married his fiancee Marietta Kovesi, a brilliant economics student at the University of Budapest and a leading figure in the social nightlife of the Hungarian capital.
	www.maa.org /devlin/devlin_12_03.html (2195 words)

	The von Neumann Architecture of Computer Systems
		Von Neumann begins his "Preliminary Discussion" with a broad description of the general-purpose computing machine containing four main "organs." These are identified as relating to arithmetic, memory, control, and connection with the human operator.
		To von Neumann, the key to building a general purpose device was in its ability to store not only its data and the intermediate results of computation, but also to store the instructions, or orders, that brought about the computation.
		The concepts put forth by von Neumann were, for their time, quite remarkable--so much so that they provided the foundations for all of the early computers developed, and for the most part are still with us today.
	www.csupomona.edu /~hnriley/www/VonN.html (2303 words)

	What is John von Neumann? - a definition from Whatis.com - see also: von Neumann, John
		At Princeton, von Neumann lectured in the nascent field of quantum theory and through his work on rings of operators (later renamed Neumann algebras) he helped develop the mathematical foundations of that theory which were unveiled in the paper "Mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik" (1932).
		Known subsequently as the "von Neumann architecture", the stored-program computer (where both the instructions and the data they operate upon reside together in memory) with its central controller, I/O, and memory was outlined in a "Draft Report" and paved the way for the modern era of computing.
		von Neumann was a pioneer in the field of cellular automata (an n-dimensional array of cells where the contents of a cell depend of the contents of neighbouring cells) and also popularized the binary digit as the unit of computer memory.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci214025,00.html (472 words)

	Von Neumann Didn't Invent the "Von Neumann Architecture"
		Von Neumann's name has been associated widely with the invention of the computer -- the most common computer design, for example, is called "the von Neumann architecture." During the war, von Neumann, who already had a well-established reputation as a mathematician, was much in demand.
		By the time von Neumann joined the project, the ENIAC design was set and construction was well under way.
		Von Neumann joined in on these discussions when he was available, every month or two.
	www.geocities.com /jim_bowery/vonthiefman.html (554 words)

	John von Neuman and von Neumann Architecture for Computers (1945)
		Von Neumann's interest in computers differed from that of his peers by his quickly perceiving the application of computers to applied mathematics for specific problems, rather than their mere application to the development of tables.
		From the point of view of von Neumann's contributions to the field of computing, including the application of his concepts of mathematics to computing, and the application of computing to his other interests such as mathematical physics and economics, perhaps the most comprehensive is by Herman Goldstine [1972].
		However, von Neumann's ideas were not along those lines originally; he recognized the need for parallelism in computers but equally well recognized the problems of construction and hence settled for a sequential system of implementation.
	w3.salemstate.edu /~tevans/VonNeuma.htm (1802 words)

	Von Neumann Architecture
		The term von Neumann architecture is used in reference to a model of computer design that has only a single storage area used to contain both the set of instructions required for the performance of a transaction and the data required or produced by the transaction.
		The architecture takes its name from the Hungarian mathematician John von Neumann, a man whose 1945 paper entitled First Draft Report on the EDVAC is widely considered to be one of the pioneering documented accounts on the topic of the broad purpose stored-program computer (known as an EDVAC).
		A computer that makes use of von Neumann architecture has five components: a control circuitry, an arithmetic-logic unit, an input/output device, a memory, and a bus that ensures a data path connecting these components.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Von_Neumann_Architecture (175 words)

	deseretnews.com \| When you compute, thank von Neumann
		Von Neumann computers have five parts — a control unit, an arithmetic-logic unit, an input/output unit, a "bus" or electronic connection for carrying data between the parts, and memory.
		Von Neumann's idea of treating program instructions and data made it easy to change the program instructions, leading to computers that could be reprogrammed.
		Von Neumann led the team that used experience with ENIAC to develop EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), which had the new architecture and often is regarded as the mother of all modern computers.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,575040987,00.html (493 words)

	Big Ideas. Big Thinkers. John von Neumann \| Thirteen/WNET
		John von Neumann, one of the original six mathematics professors at the Institute for Advanced Study, left an indelible mark on the fields of mathematics, quantum theory, nuclear physics, and computer science.
		John von Neumann was born in Budapest, Hungary in 1903.
		Von Neumann lectured as a professor at the University of Berlin from 1926 to 1929.
	www.thirteen.org /bigideas/neumann.html (508 words)

	Societies as Von Neumann Machines
		Bacteria and other living entities are also self-replicating, but von Newmann not only introduced the idea of an entity that could be first be made by humans and then reproduce it self — a golem in modern garb — but suggested it be a machine that required no more than a million bits of information.
		Currently the `brain' of a Von Neumann machine in which humans take part consists of the people who make decisions that influence the whole society, such as poets and engineers, a few generals, a few of the rich, and some politicians.
		We are a Von Neumann machine that cannot quite reproduce itself exactly, but which can reproduce itself well enough to carry on for a time.
	www.rattlesnake.com /notions/societies-Von_Neumann_machines.html (1524 words)

	John von Neumann
		Von Neumann invited Turing to stay on at the Institute as his assistant but he preferred to return to Cambridge; a year later Turing was involved in war work at Bletchley Park.
		The von Neumann household in Princeton was open to many social activities and on one such occasion someone posed the "fly and the train" problem [4] to von Neumann.
		The IEEE John von Neumann Medal was established by the Board of Directors in 1990 and may be presented annually "for outstanding achievements in computer-related science and technology." The achievements may be theoretical, technological, or entrepreneurial, and need not have been made immediately prior to the date of the award.
	ei.cs.vt.edu /~history/VonNeumann.html (2003 words)

	howard rheingold's \| tools for thought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Johann von Neumann, a student of Hilbert's, was one of the stars of the formalists.
		Von Neumann was enthusiastic about the military and scientific future of the computer-building enterprise, but the two young men who had dreamed up the computer project before the big brass stepped in were getting other ideas about how their brain-child ought to mature.
		Von Neumann was able to prove that a configuration of about 200,000 cells, each with 29 different possible states and each placed in a neighborhood of 4 orthogonally adjacent squares, could meet all the requirements of a self-reproducing automaton.
	www.rheingold.com /texts/tft/4.html (10041 words)

	ipedia.com: Von Neumann architecture Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The so-called von Neumann architecture is a model for a computing machine that uses a single storage structure to hold both the set of instructions on how to perform the computation and the data requi...
		The so-called von Neumann architecture is a model for a computing machine that uses a single storage structure to hold both the set of instructions on how to perform the computation and the data required or generated by the computation.
		The architecture is named after mathematician John von Neumann who provided an early written account of a general purpose stored-program computing machine.
	www.ipedia.com /von_neumann_architecture.html (436 words)

	von Neumann, John (1903-1957)
		John von Neumann (pronounced von noi-man) received a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Budapest and later he worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.
		Von Neumann devised the so-called von Neumann architecture used in all modern computers and studied cellular automata in order to construct the first examples of self-replicating automata, now known as von Neumann machines.
		Von Neumann had a mind of great ingenuity, nearly total recall of what he'd learned, immense arrogance, and a great love of jokes and humor.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/V/von_Neumann.html (218 words)

	Von Neumann Machines
		The cost of building the first fully closed von Neumann machine may be more than you can afford; indeed, it may not be possible at all.
		In order to eat and live, a von Neumann machine must be able distinguish useful inputs from poisons; it must be able to `see' (or smell, taste, feel, or hear) potential food.
		The inputs, whether energy or material, must be transformed to enable the original von Neumann machine to continue and to enable that machine to reproduce.
	www.rattlesnake.com /notions/Von_Neumann_machines.html (1280 words)

	VON NEUMANN
		John von Neumann was born a child prodigy.
		Around the same time, Neumann had taken up a keen interest in computers and their applications, although he saw them as strictly for the use of mathematics.
		In honor of Neumann, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers have established an annual award in his name; the John von Neumann medal was created in 1990 and is given "for outstanding achievements in computer-related science and technology".
	www.algana.co.uk /FamousNames/V/vonneumann.htm (260 words)

	John Von Neumann
		Von Neumann was especially intersted in complicated automata, such as the human nervous system and the tremendously large computers he foresaw for the future.
		In addition to its ability to address memory locations directly, a von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (the CPU) that possesses a special working memory (register memory) for holding data that are being operated on and a set of built-in operations that is rich in comparison with the Turing machine.
		Althouygh it computes the same class of functions as a universal Turning machine, a von Neumann machine runs efficiently because of its random-access memory and because its architecture can be implemented in electronic circuitry that makes its basic operations extremely fast (currently from millions to tens of millions of instructions per second in desktop computers).
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~rob/Neumann.html (522 words)

	John von Neumann
		An astoundingly creative mathematician, John von Neumann has played a rather important role in post-war economic theory through two essential pieces of work: his 1937 paper on a multi-sectoral growth model and his 1944 book (with Oskar Morgenstern) on game theory and uncertainty.
		John von Neumann's famous 1937 paper, initially written under the auspices of the famous "Vienna Colloquium" and derived from his reading of Wicksell and Cassel, has been called "the greatest paper in mathematical economics that was ever written" (E. Roy Weintraub, 1983).
		John von Neumann's 1944 book with Oskar Morgenstern, Theory of Games and Economic Behavior was a landmark of twentieth century social science.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/profiles/neumann.htm (515 words)

	von Neumann
		Von Neumann has been lauded as “the Man of the Century,” and the “inventor of the computer,”; but his so-called accomplishments are computed out of thin air.
		Von Neumann claims in the Introduction to the book, “What is at stake is an attempt to find a way of understanding the nervous system from the standpoint of the mathematician.” This sounds quite impressive, but the assertion is then modified in the very next line.
		Von Neumann compares the size, number, and packing-density of the just-developed electronic elements in computers, with human nerve cells, and he finds in the nervous system a numerical representation which is a digital-analog mixture, in which the magnitudes are represented “analog” by the frequency of particular “digital” impulses.
	www.21stcenturysciencetech.com /articles/von_Neumann.html (4802 words)

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