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Topic: Voortrekkers

	Voortrekkers
		The Voortrekkers mainly came from the farming community of the Eastern Cape although some (such as Piet Retief) originally came from the Western Cape farming community while others (such as Gert Marit) were successful tradesmen in the frontier towns.
		The Voortrekkers were mainly of Trekboer (migrating farmer) descent living in the eastern frontiers of the Cape.
		The Voortrekkers are commemorated by the Voortrekker Monument located on Monument Hill overlooking Pretoria, the erstwhile capital of the South African Republic and the current and historic administrative capital of the Republic of South Africa.
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Voortrekkers (764 words)

	Voortrekkers
		A contingent of Voortrekkers migrated into Natal and negotiated a land treaty with the Zulu King Dingane.
		The Voortrekkers are commemorated by the Voortrekker Monument located on Monument Hill overlooking Pretoria, the erstwile capital of the South African Republic and the current administrative capital of the Republic of South Africa.
		The Voortrekkers is also an Afrikaner youth movement founded in South Africa in 1931 as an Afrikaans-language alternative to the English-speaking Boy Scout movement.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/v/vo/voortrekkers.html (388 words)

	South Africa, the country of our birth
		By the winter of 1838, the Voortrekkers in Natal had suffered innumerable setbacks (Bloukrans; the murder of Retief and his party; and the Vlug Kommando had failed to defeat Dingane).
		Sickness and fever was rife in the laagers and the livestock was suffering from lack of grazing.
		The Voortrekkers, with their canon loaded with pieces of metal and any metal fragments such as broken pot legs, cut swathes into the Zulu regiments.
	members.tripod.com /~Meerkat_2/ebloed.html (390 words)

	Unisa Online - vdwatt
		The recurring theme of the Voortrekkers as `God's Chosen People' who paid for the land with their lives, used in 1938 to emphasise the virtue of the Afrikaner volk's ancestors, was now developed to justify the racial policies of the new government as being a God-given responsibility.
		Firstly, the marble frieze in the `Hall of Heroes' inside the Voortrekker Monument, inaugurated in 1949 and consisting of 27 panels which charts the Voortrekkers' Great Trek from their exodus from the Cape Colony in 1835, to the Sand River Convention in 1852 where the independence of the Transvaal was recognised by Britain.
		The prosperity which the Voortrekkers left behind in the Cape Colony, albeit under British rule, symbolised by the homestead and garden in panel 1 of the tapestries (2), is clearly regained in the last panel, symbolised by permanent structures which invoke associations of progress and permanent settling.
	www.unisa.ac.za /default.asp?Cmd=ViewContent&ContentID=7253 (4537 words)

	Frederick Hale
		And at Blood River the Voortrekkers’ exemplary marksmanship is directly juxtaposed with the ineptness of the Zulus: "Kogels en assagaaien vlogen over en door de wagens; want de Kaffers gebruikten de buit gemaakte geweren, maar hunne kogels troffen geen doel, terwijl de kogels der boeren steeds raak waren" (203-204).
		Their governance, in contrast to the bungling of the British administrators, is successful; the Voortrekker leaders enact equitable rules for the emigrants and fairly distribute responsibilities on them.
		Undaunted by "de woeste aanvalskreten dezer wilden", the Voortrekkers soundly defeat the Matabele and recover much of their stolen livestock; "en de woeste despoot vluchtte" with the remnant of his demonic horde north of the Limpopo.
	academic.sun.ac.za /afrndl/tna/hale00.html (6321 words)

	South Africa The Great Trek - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		The Voortrekkers established two states in the 1840s and the 1850s: the Orange Free State between the Orange and the Vaal rivers and the South African Republic (Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek, a union of four Boer republics founded by the Voortrekkers) to the north of the Vaal River in the area later constituting the Transvaal.
		In 1848, after the northern frontier was threatened by fighting between Voortrekkers and Griqua on the Orange River and by continued competition for resources among settlers and Africans, the governor of the Cape Colony, Sir Harry Smith, annexed all the land between the Orange and the Vaal rivers.
		In the interior, the Voortrekkers engaged in the same economic activities as their African neighbors--pastoralism, limited cultivation of grain crops, and hunting--and whereas these provided a living for the people involved, they were not the basis on which an expanding economy could be built.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/south_africa/south_africa_history_the_great_trek.html (1935 words)

	Frederick Hale
		When this far-ranging Voortrekker leader is chosen Kommandant-generaal to succeed the late Gert Maritz, an uncle of Koos and Gert Steyn assures them on the basis of Pretorius's physiognomy of his timely appropriateness and ability to assure the security of the threatened migrants: "Ek hou baie van die man se gesig", he declares.
		Whereas the Voortrekkers are almost inevitably depicted as being on the defensive, the fls on whose territory they are encroaching are portrayed as attackers of the most gruesome sort.
		Erasmus's reconstruction of the Voortrekkers, however, allows no such qualifying contours, and he does not find it necessary to explain what Koos and Gert believe about the impressions they have gained of relations between Boers and Zulus during their years on the Great Trek.
	academic.sun.ac.za /afrndl/tna/hale99.html (5102 words)

	468 vs. 15,000
		Piet Retief, the leader of the Voortrekkers at the time, and his advanced party of one hundred men were successful, securing land to eke out an existence for his fellow pioneers, 1100 in all.
		Realizing that the Voortrekkers were running low on ammunition, however, the wise Pretorius made a command decision.
		The Voortrekkers, unlike most of their Western brethren, attempted to negotiate peacefully with the natives.
	rebirthofreason.com /Articles/Druckenmiller/_vs_15,000.shtml (681 words)

	South Africa - The Great Trek
		The first groups of Voortrekkers moved into the southern Highveld, skirted the powerful Lesotho kingdom of Moshoeshoe to the east, and pastured their herds on lands between the Orange River and the Vaal River.
		The Voortrekkers recognized Mpande as king of the Zulu north of the Tugela River, while he in turn acknowledged their suzerainty over both his kingdom and the state that they established south of the Tugela.
		The Voortrekker Republic of Natalia (the basis of later Natal Province) was established in 1839, and by 1842 there were approximately 6,000 people occupying vast areas of pastureland and living under a political system in which only white males had the right to vote.
	countrystudies.us /south-africa/12.htm (860 words)

	Dingane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 1837, Voortrekker leader Piet Retief and his men visited Dingane at Mgungundlovu to negotiate the Voortrekkers' settlement in Natal.
		Voortrekker leaders Hendrik Potgieter and Piet Uys sent out an expedition against Dingane, but were defeated at Italeni.
		Led by new Voortrekker leader Andries Pretorius, a Voortrekker commando went to Mgungundlovu to confront Dingane.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/people/dingane.htm (478 words)

	Great Trek - Voortrekkers (Boers) Trek to the Transvaal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Eastern Cape was a particularly tense region, being the frontier between Xhosa territory and the Cape Colony and a focus for refugees who had fled the rise of the Zulu state.
		Each group of Voortrekkers had its own leader but they all followed much the same route through 'Transorangia' (the highveld), only splitting when some went into Natal while others continued north.
		Voortrekker life: A family might have more than one wagon to carry all its worldly goods.
	about-south-africa.com /html/great_trek.html (588 words)

	THE VOORTEKKER MONUMENT
		The 470 Voortrekkers succeeded in repelling the attacks, only three Voortrekkers were wounded, while 3 000 Zulus were killed in the Battle.
		The Voortrekkers attributed the victory to divine intervention; the Voortrekker Monument in Pretoria is a testament to that divine intervention.
		This sculpture pays tribute the women Voortrekkers for their bravery in the Great Trek and their role in insuring the survival and increase of the Voortrekkers in the interior of South Africa.
	www.ibiblio.org /istudio/03pretoria/research/THE_VOORTEKKER.htm (1320 words)

	The Voortrekker Monument in Pretoria, South Africa
		The Voortrekker Monument, which does not appear very attractive to tourists, is a national icon for Afrikaans South Africans.
		Particularly on December 16, the anniversary of the battle at the Blood River, Afrikaners from all over the country stream to the Voortrekker Monument to commemorate the - in their view - most important event in the history of South Africa.
		The founders of the former South African Republic were honoured by a colossal monument situated on Monument Hill, which is supposed to be a reminder of the courage, determination and persistence of the Voortrekkers.
	www.southafrica-travel.net /north/a1pret04.htm (185 words)

	LETTER FROM SOUTH AFRICA
		The root of the problem can be found in the fact that the Voortrekkers discovered that some of the land they intended to convert into republics was indeed not vacant but rather inhabited by indigenous people, namely the Zulus.
		During the ensuing discussions Dingaan promised the Voortrekkers land on condition they returned cattle to him which had been stolen by Sekonyela, who was the Tlokwa (another indigenous tribe) leader.
		These events culminated on 16 December 1838 when about 10,000 Zulus under the command of Dambuza (Nzobo) and Nhlela sieged the Voortrekkers, but the 470 Voortrekkers, armed with guns, took victory in a battle which was later to become known as the Battle of Blood River.
	www.g21.net /let6.htm (1418 words)

	16 December 1838 - Battle of Blood River is fought
		In the early hours of the morning of 16 December 1838, a battle was fought between the Voortrekkers under the leadership of Andries Pretorius, and the AmaZulu warriors of Dingane near the Ncome River.
		Piet Retief, the leader of the Voortrekkers, met with Dingane, the leader of the AmaZulu, at the latter's capital at Mgundgundlovu on 6 February 1838 to apparently negotiate the cession of vast areas of land to the Voortrekkers for cattle and rifles.
		The Voortrekkers with their firearms were militarily superior to the AmaZulu, who tried to escape into the Ncome River.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/chronology/thisday/1838-12-16.htm (852 words)

	Elliot in South Africa
		This massive monument was built in honor of the Voortrekkers (Pioneers), who left the Cape Colony in their thousands between 1835 and 1854.
		The Voortrekkers (Afrikaans for pioneers, literally "those who move ahead") were white Afrikaner farmers who in the 1830s and 1840s emigrated from the British-controlled Cape Colony into the fl-populated areas north of the Orange River in what is now South Africa.
		It was taken from the front door of the Voortrekker monument, and it shows the centre of the city of Pretoria.
	www.daisydreams.net /elliot/monument.htm (671 words)

	The Battle of Blood River and Monument
		The Voortrekkers then decided to leave the Eastern Cape and travel to the north where they hoped to eventually be able to practice their own language and culture and to exercise their own government affairs free from British rule.
		The Voortrekkers fired a first salvo which killed hundreds and immediately followed that up with a further two salvo's before the Zulus could start their charge.
		This was a blessing for the Voortrekkers as this gave the guns time to cool down before the second charge.
	wind.prohosting.com /outabout/bloodriver.html (1357 words)

	[No title]
		On December 16, 1838, a group of approximately 470 Voortrekkers (white Afrikaner farmers) met anywhere from 10,000-20,000 Zulu warriors and began to battle.
		The Voortrekkers made a vow to God that if they won the battle, they would build a church and celebrate the day as a Sabbath.
		This overwhelming victory was due partly because of the fact that the Voortrekkers used guns against the Zulu’s spears.
	www-english.tamu.edu /pers/fac/muana/BrutusRyan.doc (765 words)

	Piet Retief's original land title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Following a successful campaign against the Xhosa more land became available in the Eastern Cape.However Pieter Retief, later to lead the Voortrekkers on their great trek northwards, had already experienced the incursions of the Xhosa and had concerns about the lack of protection the British Government gave Dutch farmer in the newly captured land.
		He asked for and was granted an unallocated piece of land in the town of Grahamstown and became a dairy farmer and general merchant.
		The reasons for this mass exodus were their economic problems, the threatening danger of conflict with the Xhosa, who settled on the other side of the Fish River, and primarily, discontent with the English colonial authorities who didn't provide sufficient protection and had forbidden the slave trade and postulated the equality of whites and non-whites.
	www.tokencoins.com /pietretief.htm (631 words)

	The Battle That Turned The River Into Blood
		In Natal, on 6 February 1838, Piet Retief, Voortrekker Leader, and his party of 69 men were unexpectedly butchered to death while feasting with the Zulus.
		The Voortrekkers and British launched a number of punitive expeditions against the Zulus, but these were all inconclusive.
		The Voortrekkers once more recited the Covenant and made their vow with God; that if God granted the Voortrekkers victory, they would for ever observe the day as a Sabbath and build a church as a memorial for future generations.
	www.encounter.co.za /article/15.html (575 words)

	South African information featured by South African Golf Tours
		In 1835 10 000 boers, the Voortrekkers, left the Cape Colony and went North and North-East.
		The newly elected leader of the Voortrekkers prepared the group for a retaliatory attack.
		The Voortrekkers in Natal moved north-east after they were defeated by the British in 1842.
	www.southafricangolftours.com /sainfo.htm (673 words)

	City of Durban off road motorcylce tours - African Off Road Tours
		After the Battle of Blood River on the 16th December 1838, when the Zulus were defeated by the Voortrekkers, peace was restored, the first streets were built and D'Urban was changed to Durban.
		The Voortrekkers besieged the troops in the Fort after their arrival, known today as the Old Fort on Old Fort Street in Durban.
		The Voortrekkers ended the siege on the 26th of June 1842, as they did not want a war with Britain and many returned over the Drakensberg to the Free State after Pietermaritzburg decided to be under British control.
	www.africanoffroadtours.com /durban.htm (742 words)

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