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Topic: Vortex shedding

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Vortex

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	Vortex shedding flow meter with noise suppressing and signal enhancing means - Patent 4703659
		A vortex generating member 5 of a stiff elongated structure with cross section of a blunt geometry is disposed across a cross section of the flow passage 2 in a substantially perpendicular angle with respect to the central axis of the flow passage 2.
		The vortex generating member 113 of an elongated structure having cross section of a blunt geometry is disposed across a cross section of the flow passage 111 intermediate two extremities of the flow passage in a configuration substantially parallel to the central axis of the cylindrical bar constituting the flow meter body 108.
		As the vortex shedding frequency is directly proportional to the fluid velocity divided by the width of the cross section of the vortex generating member, it is imperative to check the change in the width of the vortex generating member due to abrasion or errosion or corrosion.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4703659.html (5349 words)

	Spitzer and Boyes, LLC - Vortex Shedding and Fluidic Flowmeters
		Vortex shedding flowmeters present the flow in a pipe with an obstruction in the general shape of a bluff body or strut.
		In vortex precession fluidic flowmeters (often called swirl flowmeters), a static element is used to impart rotation to the incoming fluid and cause the fluid to form a vortex downstream that resembles a cyclone.
		A vortex breaker is installed at the outlet of the flowmeter body to stabilize the vortex and to keep it from propagating downstream where it can disturb the process or other hydraulic devices, such as control valves.
	www.flowmeters.com /nl/2006/2006-07-A.htm (785 words)

	eFunda: Introduction to Vortex Flowmeters
		Vortex flowmeters, also know as vortex shedding flowmeters or oscillatory flowmeters, measure the vibrations of the downstream vortexes caused by the barrier placed in a moving stream.
		The frequency of vortex shedding is definite and is related to the Reynolds number (flow velocity, viscosity of fluid, and the diameter of the cylinder).
		The frequency of vortex shedding is the same as the vibrating frequency of the cylinder induced by the flow.
	www.efunda.com /DesignStandards/sensors/flowmeters/flowmeter_vtx.cfm (555 words)

	Technology Explained: Vortex Shedding Flow Meters
		The frequency of this alternating shedding process is proportional to the velocity of the flowing stream as it passes the point of contact.
		The rate of vortex shedding is detected by an ultrasonic, electronic, or fiberoptic sensor that monitors the changes in the vortex pattern, or von Karman vortex street downstream from the bluff body, transmitting a pulsating output signal to external readouts or data acquisition equipment.
		The average fluid velocity is proportional to the frequency of vortex shedding and the width of the bluff body (strut).
	www.flocat.com /Content.aspx?ContentID=148 (542 words)

	Arrow Flight - Vortex Shedding
		When a vortex is shed it creates a 'push' across the shaft at right-angles to the overall wind direction.
		If the frequency of this vortex shedding is close to the natural vibration frequency of the arrow shaft then the shaft can begin vibrating in sympathy.
		Vortex shedding induced torque varies with arrow velocity and offset angle in exactly the same way as the torque produced from drag on the shaft.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /joetapley/fvort.htm (656 words)

	Air induction apparatus for use with karman vortex shedding flow meter - Patent 4228768
		The flow meter shown generally comprises a vortex shedding body 10 in the form of cylinder with a diametrically extending through hole 12, a sensing means 14 such as electrically heated platinum plate or wire disposed in the moddile of the through hole 12, and a control circuit 16.
		In some of the modern combustion engine driven vehicles, the vortex shedding flow meter of the type mentioned above is used for measuring the amount of air entering the engine to control as a result of this measurement the amount of fuel metered to the engine.
		The vortex shedding body 10 of the meter is usually set in an inlet tube of an air cleaner of the engine.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4228768.html (3006 words)

	CHAPTER 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		When the circulation for that vortex reaches a minimum, the corresponding shear layer is again drawn across the wake and the vortex is shed, whereupon the process repeats itself.
		Vortex shedding in a flow with a periodic component superimposed on the mean freestream flow is an additional bluff body flow which exhibits vortex lock-on.
		Vortex lock-on at fractional ratios of the perturbation frequency were previously observed in experiments on transversely oscillating cylinder wakes [27, 35, 36, 50].
	www.pcnet.com /~jdutka/thesis/thesis1.html (3911 words)

	Vortex and Fluidic Flowmeters
		Vortex shedding flowmeters use a bluff body obstruction, whereas other fluidic flowmeters include designs based upon the Coanda effect and vortex precession.
		Vortex shedding and fluidic flowmeters measure the velocity of liquids, gases and vapors in pipes, such as water, cryogenic liquids, boiler feed water, hydrocarbons, chemicals, air, nitrogen, industrial gases, and steam.
		In addition, vortex shedding and fluidic flowmeters can become nonlinear and turn off as Reynolds number is reduced.
	www.flowmeters.com /ufm/index.cfm?task=vortex_fluidic (469 words)

	LICengineering A/S: VORTEX INDUCED VIBRATION ANALYSIS - LIC22
		Prediction of dynamic response to vortex shedding in waves is a complex problem since the flow velocities governing the locking-on are non-steady.
		Pipe arrays are of special interest, since the loads on the pipes directly exposed to the waves are governed by vortex shedding while the loads on the lee pipes are governed by turbulence excitation.
		The development of vortex shedding induced vibrations also depends on the correlation length, which in a function of the vibrational amplitude.
	www.liceng.dk /LIC/Services/VortexSheddingAnalysis/index.shtml (453 words)

	Racine vortex shedding flow meters for gas, steam and liquids
		Racine vortex flow meters utilize ultrasonic technology to measure tiny vortices that form when media in the pipe move across a strut, or "bluff bar".
		With Smart electronics and HART communications, the Racine vortex flow meter is an excellent choice for process plants and refineries measuring gases and steam.
		With no moving parts and little or no maintenance required, the vortex flow meter is also an excellent choice for OEM companies working with water supply, quality or treatment equipment.
	www.racinefed.com /vortex.cfm (169 words)

	Gallery of Fluid Mechanics: Karman Vortex Streets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The vortex street is just a special type of unsteady separation over bluff bodies such as the flat plate in the image at the right.
		The vortex street is highly periodic having a frequency which is proportional to U/D, where D is the length of the bluff body measured transverse to the flow and U is the incoming flow speed.
		In fact, vortex streets are almost always involved when the wind generates a fairly pure tone as it blows over obstacles.
	www.fluidmech.net /gallery/vortex/karman.htm (366 words)

	Fluent NEWS - Fall 1999 - Vortex Shedding over a Wired Cylinder Using LES
		Researchers in the Mechanical Engineering Department of Politecnico di Milano have used the LES turbulence model in FLUENT 5 to study vortex shedding behind a cylinder for a Reynolds number of 2x104.
		Transient calculations were performed that tracked the shedding patterns behind the cylinders out to a distance of 10 cylinder diameters.
		Results showed that the development of an organized shedding pattern did not occur, and that the amplitude of oscillations was considerably less than that observed with the smooth cylinder.
	www.fluent.com /about/news/newsletters/99v8i2/a2.htm (330 words)

	Vortex Shedding Simulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A simulation of vortex shedding over a right circular cylinder was performed at the conditions of an experimental study of Cantwell and Coles ("An Experimental Study of Entrainment and Transport in the Turbulent Near Wake of a Circular Cylinder," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol.
		The eventual goal of the current (ongoing) project is to determine the ability of the flow solver to duplicate the Reynolds stresses.
		Approximately one diameter downstream, the secondary vortices that had shed from the lower boundary layer can be seen coalescing into the larger vortices of the vortex street.
	scv.bu.edu /Vizgal/vortex/vortex.html (1140 words)

	Vortex Hydro Energy
		VIVACE is based on the extensively studied phenomenon of Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIV), which was first observed 500 years ago by Leonardo DaVinci in the form of “Aeolian Tones.” For decades, engineers have been trying to prevent VIV from damaging offshore equipment and structures.
		Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIV) result from vortices forming and shedding on the downstream side of a bluff body in a current.
		Vortex shedding alternates from one side to the other, thereby creating a vibration or oscillation.
	www.vortexhydroenergy.com /index.html (584 words)

	Vortex Flowmeter for Water (Temperature Optional)
		The FV100 Series vortex flow meters are inline flow meters that utilizes the vortex shedding measuring principle.
		The frequency of the vortex flowmeter sensor is proportional to the velocity of the fluid and is amplified and converted to a 4 to 20 mA output linear with flow.
		Vortex technology yields a meter with no moving parts to hang up or wear.
	www.omega.com /pptst/FV100.html (475 words)

	Development of Fatigue Design Procedures for Slender, Tapered Support Structures for Highway Signs, Luminaries, and ...
		A luminary support structure is susceptible to two critical types of wind loading (natural wind gusts or buffeting and vortex shedding) which oscillate the structure and can cause fatigue failures.
		Vortex shedding is a unique type of wind load that creates areas of positive and negative pressures alternately on each of the two opposite sides of the structure normal to the wind direction.
		When the vortex shedding frequency (i.e., the frequency of the negative pressure on one side of the structure) approaches the natural frequency of the structure, there is a tendency for the vortex shedding frequency to couple with the frequency of the structure (also referred as “lock-in” phenomenon) causing greatly amplified displacements and stresses.
	www.ctre.iastate.edu /mtc/projects/2005-02.htm (592 words)

	Mechanical Acoustics/Vibration engineering - Vortex Shedding on Lamp Poles
		Sorry for this late post but it seems to me that, while vortex shedding may excite lateral natural frequencies and the wind would provide a horizontal load, there may be some other action going on here.
		First of all, I think vortex shedding is not the only reason for the vibrations of the traffic poles.
		Assuming laminar flow (low wind speed) to form a vortex shedding, the vibrations would only be in the in-plane of the pole.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=7735 (1143 words)

	Von Kármán vortex street - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The alternation leads to the core of a vortex in one row being opposite the point midway between two vortex cores in the other row, giving rise to the distinctive pattern shown in the picture.
		When a vortex is shed, an unsymmetrical flow pattern forms around the body, which therefore changes the pressure distribution.
		If the vortex shedding frequency is similar to the natural frequency of a body or structure, it causes resonance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_vortex_street (647 words)

	Vortex Flow Meter offers solid-state construction., Spirax Sarco, Inc.
		Local LCD screen displays flow rate and totalized flow with accuracy is ±0.7% of rate for liquids and ±1.0% for gas and steam, with ±0.15% of rate repeatability.
		The Vortex PhD® accurately measures liquids, gas or steam for improved overall plant control, yet with lower maintenance and total cost of ownership than other flow meter technologies.
		Available in carbon or stainless steel, the Vortex PhD flow meter has a process temperature rating of -40°F to 750°F (-40 to 400°C) and a pressure rating to ANSI class 600.
	news.thomasnet.com /fullstory/474145 (922 words)

	Project Title: Fundamentals of actively controlled flows with trapped vortices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		If the vortex is kept near the body at all times it is called trapped.
		At the second stage these tools will be used to develop and test experimentally a vortex cell for the test-bed airfoil with a system of active control.
		The differences between intrinsically two-dimensional nature of some of the numerical tools, first of all the discrete vortex method and real three-dimensional flows will be explored and the limitations of two-dimensional approaches identified.
	www.soton.ac.uk /~chernysh/VortexCell2050Synopsis.htm (375 words)

	Vortex Shedding Flowmeter measures water flows., Universal Flow Monitors, Inc.
		The vortex shedding meter has no moving parts to stick or coat.
		Oct 24, 2006 - Vortex Flow Meter is designed for efficient operation.
		Jul 20, 2004 - Flow Meter gages temperature and flow of water/coolant.
	news.thomasnet.com /fullstory/454062/2697 (703 words)

	Vortex Shedding
		Every stack has a critical wind speed at which vortex shedding occurs.
		Vortex Shedding is the instance where alternating low pressure zones are generated on the downwind side of the stack, as shown in the figure.
		These alternating low pressure zones cause the stack to move towards the low pressure zone, causing movement perpendicular to the direction of the wind.
	www.mecaenterprises.com /vortex_shedding.htm (162 words)

	Structural engineering other topics - Vortex shedding
		You could check on ASME STS-1-2000 code, you would be able to get the vortex shedding response on circular shell and be able to calculate the stresses based on the formulas shown in the code.
		To my knowledge, vortex shedding is a consideration only if the element subjected to it is so slender and natural frequency of vibration coincides with that of vortex oscilation frequency.
		I guess the chance is that vortex shedding will be less a problem than unbalanced wind loads and suctions and gusts.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=24430 (902 words)

	Vortex shedding behind a circular cylinder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Since vortex shedding occurs, these results were not satisfactory.
		Instead an algorithm was used where the roughness was varied according to the velocity of the flow close to the cylinder boundary.
		This produced the transient vortexes behind the cylinder.
	folk.ntnu.no /nilsol/cases/cylinder (568 words)

	We can’t believe our vortex shedding flowmeter \| Process Automation \| Control Global
		The bottom line is the vortex meter should be something you can trust for this measurement, provided the flow is single phase.
		Since you are comparing it to a mass flowmeter, I assume that you are compensating the vortex meter to convert actual volume flow to mass flow.
		A vortex shedder is a linear flowmeter, so the use of square-root P/T compensation may be the source of your problem.
	www.controlglobal.com /articles/2005/204.html (702 words)

	Vortex flow meter
		Rugged, yet simple, the EX DELTA vortex flowmeter is suitable for a variety of applications in liquid, gas, air and steam flows.
		Sparling/Oval vortex flowmeters are volumetric flow measuring devices constructed with stainless steel body which provides accurate and reliable measurement for years in industrial service.
		Gerald Nice, president and owner of Nice Instrumentation Inc., helped design one of the first vortex meters sold in the world, in nineteen seventy three when he worked for Neptune Measurement Inc., the inventor of vortex shedding, prior to starting his own company.
	www.flowmeterdirectory.com /flowmeter_vortex.html (665 words)

	Mass Flow Meters & Controllers: Vortex Shedding Flowmeter & Rotameters by Aalborg
		The recently acquired line of Vortex Flow Meters is perfect for measuring steam, liquids, or gases.
		The Vortex Shedding Flow Meter creates vortices as fluid goes around a bluff body and is alternately shed on each side of the body.
		To further enhance the accuracy of these flow meters dual signal processing is used to measure each vortex.
	www.aalborg.com (384 words)

	Vortex Flowmeters - a Tutorial
		Vortex flowmeters, also know as vortex shedding flowmeters or oscillatory flowmeters, measure the vibrations of the downstream vortexes caused by a barrier in the moving stream.
		The vibrating frequency of the vortex shedding is related to the velocity of the flow.
		Vortex Shedding Frequency and Volume Flow Rate The vortex shedding frequency around a bluff body and the flow rate
	www.engineeringtoolbox.com /vortex-flowmeters-d_529.html (221 words)

	Spitzer and Boyes, LLC - Competitive Intelligence Report: Vortex Shedding and Fluidic Flowmeters
		If you are a manufacturer or private-label reseller of vortex shedding and fluidic flowmeters and you think that they are a commodity product, you may want to think again.
		If you manufacture, sell, specify, or use vortex shedding and fluidic flowmeters, this study is a "must have" for you.
		All vortex shedding and fluidic flowmeters aren't created equal.
	www.spitzerandboyes.com /Product/vorcir.htm (308 words)

	JOHN DUTKA'S THESIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		I would like to thank Professors Olinger and Alexandrou for their patience and assistance in completing this thesis and Professors Durgin and Sullivan for serving on the defense committee.
		Vortex lock-on phenomena in flow past a circular cylinder with a periodic component superimposed on the mean freestream flow is investigated using concepts from dynamical systems (chaos) theory.
		Using a classical mixed Galerkin Finite Element Method formulation, numerical results show that in addition to classical lock-on phenomenon (where the wake and forcing frequencies coincide or lock-on in a subharmonic multiple) regions are observed in which the wake frequency locks-on to a fractional ratio of the freestream oscillation frequency.
	www.pcnet.com /~jdutka/thesis/thesis.html (370 words)

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