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Topic: Vorticella

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	OLYMPUS MIC-D Digital Movie Gallery: Vorticella (Protozoa) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As a member of the phylum Cilophora (ciliates), Vorticella grow in macroscopic clusters of stalked individual animals that may be mistaken for a colony of filamentous algae.
		Vorticella are transparent, range from 50 to 150 micrometers in length, and are easily cultured as the unicellular protist component of infusoria commonly utilized as food for fish fry.
		Vorticella (family Vorticellidae) reproduce, as do other related unicellular ciliates, primarily asexually by simple fission, dividing along the length of the body.
	www.mic-d.com /gallery/moviegallery/pondscum/protozoa/vorticella (300 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: DXM 1200 Digital Eclipse Image Gallery - Vorticella (Ciliata)
		Vorticella eat bacteria and small protozoans, using their cilia to sweep prey into their mouth-like openings.
		When disturbed, the vorticella contracts and the stalk thread is shortened, causing the sheath to coil tightly like a spring.
		Vorticellas reproduce primarily by fission, dividing along the length of the organism.
	www.microscopyu.com /galleries/dxm1200/vorticellasmall.html (216 words)

	MicroNaturalists notebook - Vorticella
		I'm focusing on a Vorticella, and except for an occasional recoil, the bell-shaped cell remains in the high magnification field, virtually filling it.
		Vorticella pulls in its feeding cilia and over a period of about 15 minutes division produces two spherical cells, each with a seemingly equal claim to the stalk.
		One I taped to the jar containing and abundance of Vorticella so that a section of the line was submerged (let’s call that the test line).
	ebiomedia.com /gall/micronat/Vorticella1.html (996 words)

	Protozoa: Ciliates: Peritrichs. An introduction with photomicrographs.
		Vorticella, the classic peritrich, was also called the "bell animalcule" by early microscopists on account of its shape when fully extended (see diagram).
		Vorticellae often occur in groups, but these groups are not strictly speaking colonies as there is no connection between the individual organisms -- they are each attatched to the substrate by their own separate contractile stalk.
		A single Vorticella attatched to a filament of the alga Cladophora which is heavily encrusted with diatoms and other epiphytes.
	www.micrographia.com /specbiol/protis/cili/peri0100.htm (595 words)

	Vorticella page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Vorticella is a sessile organism that attaches itself to detritus or other animals.
		Vorticella feeds by means of cilia which are present around the margins of its preoral chamber or buccal cavity ("mouth").
		Reproduction in Vorticella is usually accomplished by binary fission, in which a new organism is "pinched off" of the adult.
	www.hawriverprogram.org /Courses/Vorticella_page.html (182 words)

	The reproduction of vorticella
		The "vorticella" are attractive, quite abundant organisms, and as with many species, most of them cosmopolitan.
		They are common and easy to observe (a Vorticella was the first protozoan described by Anthony van Leeuwenhoek), but difficult to prepare if you want to study their cytology.
		For the rest of the process the vorticella will not be fed and evidently the individual has accumulated food to provide energy for the division.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artjun03/wdvorticella.html (1709 words)

	Vorticella -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Vorticellas eat bacteria and small protozoans and live in fresh or salt water attached to aquatic plants, surface scum, submerged objects, or aquatic animals.
		In conjugation one small special migrant (microconjugant) finds an attached vorticella (macroconjugant) and the two conjugants amalgamate completely, forming one organism in a sexlike union that eventually leads to fission.
		Vorticellas eat bacteria and small protozoans and live in fresh or salt water attached to aquatic...
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9075749 (476 words)

	Protists
		Vorticella are sensitive to the slightest vibrations and water movements.
		The Vorticella's stalk is fully extended and anchored as the creature sways back and forth, swirling bits of food into its mouth.
		Their behavior is similar to that of the Vorticella, in that they can be free swimming or they can attach themselves to other objects - usually the pond's bottom.
	www.tnmanning.com /id150.htm (2964 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU Movie Gallery: Vorticella (Protozoan)
		Vorticella Video No. 1 - Eight vorticellas, attached to a bit of pond detritus, coil and uncoil in synchrony; under oblique illumination with a playing time of 18.1 seconds.
		Vorticella Video No. 2 - Two vorticellas gather food, using their cilia to sweep particles into their mouth openings; under phase contrast illumination at a magnification of 400x with a playing time of 13.4 seconds.
		Vorticella Video No. 3 - A small group of vorticellas, part a cluster attached to an aquatic plant, coil in response to an unseen stimulus; under oblique illumination with a playing time of 8.9 seconds.
	www.microscopyu.com /moviegallery/pondscum/protozoa/vorticella (270 words)

	Vorticella (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Vorticella are referred to as Peritrichs, meaning that their cilia are concentrated around the mouth end of the organism, but nowhere else on the body.
		Vorticella use their cilia to create a current of water (vortex) to direct food towards its mouth.
		Vorticella are therefore free to separate from the colony at any time.
	biology.kenyon.edu /Microbial_Biorealm/eukaryotes/vorticella/vorticella.html (399 words)

	Microscope - information about microbes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Description of Vorticella: As with the majority of peritrich ciliates, Vorticella has a bell-shaped body and attached to the substrate by means of a stalk.
		Vorticella cells usually reproduce by forming a daughter cell that has a basal wreath of cilia.
		The behavior of contracting is quite distinctive and because of this, we know that this is one of the first free-living protozoa to be described (by Antony van Leeuwenhoek — in the 17th century).
	microscope.mbl.edu /scripts/microscope.php?func=imgDetail&imageID=1261 (418 words)

	Literature.org - The Online Literature Library
		I do not forgive myself for this pantomimic falsehood, but I was young and morally timorous, and Vorticella's personality had an effect on me something like that of a powerful mesmeriser when he directs all his ten fingers towards your eyes, as unpleasantly visible ducts for the invisible stream.
		Poor Vorticella might not have been more wearisome on a visit than the majority of her neighbours, but for this disease of magnified self-importance belonging to small authorship.
		My experience with Vorticella led me for a time into the false supposition that this sort of fungous disfiguration, which makes Self disagreeably larger, was most common to the female sex; but I presently found that here too the male could assert his superiority and show a more vigorous boredom.
	www.literature.org /authors/eliot-george/impressions-of-theophrastus-such/chapter-15.html (1819 words)

	Howard Buhse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Because of their relative ease in handling and their abundant numbers, these cells are used as a model system for analysis of many basic research problems in biology.
		The stalk of Vorticella contains a contractile organelle called the spasmoneme, which does not require ATP for contraction, but instead uses calcium.
		Whether there are several copies of these genes in Vorticella or whether the spasmin subfamily is distinct from the caltractin/centrin subfamily is not presently known, but our laboratory is in a position to answer these questions.
	www.uic.edu /depts/bios/faculty/buhse-h.htm (497 words)

	The Vorticella
		Vorticella usually anchor themselves to small particles of material however, it is not uncommon to see them free swimming.
		The main purpose for the cilia at the top is to sweep food down into the gullet.
		Above, you can see the cilia in a circular pattern around the tip as well as the band shaped nucleus (shape of a "C") inside the protist.
	www.microscope-microscope.org /applications/pond-critters/protozoans/ciliphora/vorticella.htm (180 words)

	Algae Clipart ETC
		It is found on submerged stems and leaves in stagnant water, sometimes appearing like a delicate white fringe.
		Vorticella Vorticella are members of the Protista kingdom.
		They are often found in stagnant pools, attached to the stems of aquatic plants.
	etc.usf.edu /clipart/galleries/plants/algae.htm (1055 words)

	A Vorticella Colony
		I find that letting a bottle sit for several days always produces good results (unless hydra or other predators are present, which will consume the other residents).
		On first visual inspection, the vorticella appeared as a small patch of fungus, about 8mm in diameter.
		The vorticella were placed on a slide, with the coverslip elevated by several fragments of broken coverslip.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artnov03/hwvorticella.html (302 words)

	Microbiological Garden - Vorticella (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Movement of Vorticella with the aid of the appendix and
		The appendix of Vorticella is not stiff but enabled surprising movements.
		Furthermore, Vorticella can detach its appendix under certain conditions to move around and migrate.
	www.icbm.de /pmbio/mikrobiologischer-garten/eng/englo03.htm (44 words)

	Ron's Pond Scum
		An image of three different Protozoa, all in a space not much bigger than a pin head.
		I had to follow these five Vorticella around for several minutes before they settled in one spot.
		Here is an image of a Vorticella dividing.
	www.silkentent.com /gus1911/RonPond.htm (1621 words)

	Vorticella convallaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The stalked ciliate, Vorticella convallaria, is a good model system to study mechanochemical motility because its contractile organelles (spasmoneme and myonemes) use a mode of contraction that differs from the sliding filament mechanisms of most other eukaryotic motile systems.
		This anti-centrin antibody strongly localizes to the oral apparatus and weakly to the myonemes of Vorticella.
		Three mAb raised against Vorticella stalk proteins localize to the myonemes and spasmoneme but do not localize to any oral structures within Vorticella.
	www.uga.edu /~protozoa/secabs/abstr/int/a5/a541.html (321 words)

	Visuals Unlimited Stock Photography: The Protozoan Vorticella attached to underwater material. SEM X3 , The vorticella ...
		SEM X3, The vorticella is a bell shaped protozoan with a stalk that shortens when stimulated, causing the stalk to spring like a coil.
		Vorticella are most often attached to underwater objects but can also be found swimming.
		There are more than 100 different species of Vorticella.
	www.visualsunlimited.com /browse/vu167/vu167144.html (147 words)

	The Biology of Ciliates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Look for Vorticella in pond water samples, on the walls of aquariums, in water dishes of dogs, and just about all other aquatic habitats.
		Note: The video footage shown here is, to the producer's knowledge, the first documentation of a vorticella migration.
		The population was living in a wooden outdoor trough under a lab window, where a "noon-hour migration" was observed every day for several weeks.
	www.ecb.org /guides/biology/ciliates.htm (575 words)

	Vorticella convallaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The stalked ciliate, Vorticella convallaria, is a good model system to study mechanochemical motility because its contractile organelles (spasmoneme and myonemes) use a mode of contraction that differs from most other eukaryotic motile systems.
		Since calcium triggers this contraction, we have undertaken the molecular characterization of the calcium-binding proteins associated with these organelles.
		This will permit subcellular localization of all Vorticella centrins and enable us to dissect the function of this multi-gene family.
	www.uga.edu /~protozoa/secabs/abstr/int/a7/a743.html (223 words)

	CONTROL OF CELLULAR CONTRACTION BY CALCIUM IN VORTICELLA -- Katoh and Naitoh 189 (1): 163 -- Journal of Experimental ...
		cell body was identical with that for coiling of the stalk in Vorticella
		Living Vorticella showed a sustained contraction in response to
		Vorticella injected with Ruthenium Red showed graded shrinkage of
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/189/1/163 (272 words)

	Improved preparation and cooperative calcium contraction of glycerinated Vorticella -- Asai et al. 83 (3): 795 -- ...
		Improved preparation and cooperative calcium contraction of glycerinated Vorticella -- Asai et al.
		Improved preparation and cooperative calcium contraction of glycerinated Vorticella
		vorticellas was measured at various free calcium concentrations in the
	jb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/83/3/795 (180 words)

	Microbiological Garden - Vorticella (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Phase contrast micrograph of a Vorticella cell from a sewage plant (left)
		It's quite hard to take a good picture of the ciliary crown from a moving cell.
		The ciliary crown can be recognized as a mist as shown at the upper end of the cell in the dark field micrograph.
	www.icbm.de /~palmikro/mikrobiologischer-garten/eng/englo04.htm (63 words)

	Mather Field Vernal Pools - Protozoa
		With a microscope, you can see a species of Vorticella attached to the bodies of Seed Shrimp and Water Fleas.
		Some scientists believe that the Vorticella are "farming" the algae.
		This means that they use the food produced by the algae for themselves.
	www.sacsplash.org /critters/protozoa.htm (292 words)

	Untitled Document
		Tadpole skin was covered in translucant white cloudy patches and the tadpoles became severely lethargic.
		Under the microscope the vorticella covered the skin of the tadpole in clusters greater than twenty.
		Although repeated water changes (2X/day) diluted the infestation and eradicated before significant mortality, a precautionary test was conducted in case of emergency treatment (see table 1).
	www.trentu.ca /biology/berrill/developmental_abnormalities/Vorticella_infestation.htm (172 words)

	Arctic LTER database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Small attached pg C / l y y Vorticella sp.
		Small free pg C / l y y Vorticella sp.
		Small attached numeric 8 4 15 Vorticella sp.
	ecosystems.mbl.edu /ARC/data_doc/lakes/plankton/92rumzoo.html (983 words)

	Super VLB -- Classification -- Kingdom Protista -- Vorticella
		Known as ciliates (from the phylum Ciliophora), Vorticella remain anchored in place using a large stalk (located on the aboral end), while using their cilia to collect food into the gullet.
		The gullet can be described as a bell shaped mouth of the cell, taking food in at the oral end.
		Nuclei are exchanged between tubes connecting different Vorticella cells as a means of reproduction.
	www.sidwell.edu /us/science/vlb/class/protista/vorticella.html (82 words)

	MavicaNET - Vorticellidae
		Information about the vorticella with drawings and links to color images.
		This page is an index to digital videos of the protozoan Vorticella.
		This file contains a systematic overview of Vorticellidae, featuring links to books, other pages on the web about Vorticellidae, pictures etc. Common names in different languages may be also available as well as a short dutch description to the taxon.
	www.mavicanet.com /lite/hun/36955.html (278 words)

	Brenda Hutchinson
		Other commissions and awards include the American Composers' Forum, National Endowment for the Arts, Meet The Composer/Reader's Digest, the McKnight foundation, NYSCA, NYFA and the California Arts Council.
		In addition to concert works, she has created interactive installations and designed day long performances.
		For more information on Vorticella, visit their website: www.
	www.meridiangallery.org /brendahutchinson2003.htm (360 words)

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