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	Vostok
		Vostok 1 was the first manned spacecraft to complete a full orbit, Vostok 2 the first to spend a full day in space.
		Vostok 5 was the first long-duration mission, and Vostok 6 the first to carry a woman.
		Vostok 3 and 4 took off from the same launch pad a day apart and were placed in such accurate orbits that the spacecraft passed within 6.5 km of each other.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/V/Vostok.html (853 words)

	Lake Vostok
		Lake Vostok is a subglacial lake in Antarctica comparable in size and depth to Lake Ontario.
		Vostok Station is located near the South Geomagnetic Pole, at the center of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet.
		Lake Vostok's physical characteristics have led scientists to argue that it might serve as an earthbound analog for Europa, a moon of Jupiter.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/la/Lake_Vostok.html (324 words)

	Vostok, Antarctica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vostok, Antarctica is a Russian research station located near the Geomagnetic South Pole (see South Pole), at the center of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet.
		Vostok sits on top of the world's most southerly lake, Lake Vostok.
		Vostok research station was built in 1957 during the IGY and has operated year-round for more than 37 years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vostok,_Antarctica (484 words)

	Info and facts on 'Vostok spacecraft' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Vostok spacecraft was originally designed for use both as a camera platform (for the Soviet Union's first spy satellite program, Zenit (additional info and facts about Zenit)) and as a manned spacecraft.
		This dual-use (additional info and facts about dual-use) design was crucial in gaining Communist Party (A political party that actively advocates a communist form of government; in Communist countries it is the sole political party of the state) support for the program.
		The basic Vostok design has remained in use for some forty years, gradually adapted for a range of other unmanned satellite (Man-made equipment that orbits around the earth or the moon) s.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/v/vo/vostok_spacecraft.htm (297 words)

	Wired 8.04: Ice Station Vostok
		Vostok's existence was unknown until 30 years ago, when radar and seismographs allowed scientists to piece together a map.
		The ice below Vostok station is a history book, with each core a vertical record of prevalent conditions at a particular point in time: the amount of dust in the atmosphere, the levels of trace gases, even the weights of the water molecules themselves, which provide hints to major climatic events.
		The problem facing life in Vostok is that if microbes can't photosynthesize, they must rely on chemicals in the environment that have the potential to react with each other and release energy.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/8.04/vostok_pr.html (7927 words)

	Encyclopedia: Vostok, Antarctica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Lake Vostoks location within Antarctica (NASA) Lake Vostok is the largest of more than 70 subglacial lakes in Antarctica.
		Then three more holes were drilled: in 1984, Hole 3G reached a final depth of 2202 m; in 1990, Hole 4G reached a final depth of 2546; and in 1993 Hole 5G reached a depth of 2755 m; after a brief closure drilling continued during the winter of 1995.
		In 1996 it was stopped at depth 3,623 m, by the request of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research that expressied worries about possible contamination of the Lake Vostok.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Vostok,-Antarctica (934 words)

	Crey Industries : Hero Threat Database
		The new model Vostok is a Humanoid android, impossible to tell apart from humanity at first glance, it's outer surface skin is resistant to most forms of damage, which we surmise derives from a fullerene mesh, and is capable of changing complex coloration patterns to assume new appearances of clothes and uniforms or facial structures.
		Vostok carries twin light particle accelerator cannons along his forearms, the barrels located in his palms - these cannon ports also are used for delivery of nanotech payloads via use of a low-level plasma charge carrier.
		Vostok is fitted with communications systems and surveillance equipment as well as systems capable of interception and infiltration of communications wavelengths, in it's hands are sets of data taps capable of allowing Vostok to interface with outside computer systems and infiltrate them using it's onboard decryption systems.
	www.creyindustries.com /viewhero.php?id=10178 (783 words)

	AGU Web Site: Deciphering Mysteries of Past Climate From Antarctic Ice Cores
		Ice cores drilled at Vostok Station, Antarctica, 10 years ago by Russia, France, and the United States (see figure 1) are providing a wealth of information about past climate and environmental changes over more than a full glacial-interglacial cycle.
		At Vostok, accumulation is too low for recognizable annual signals to form, so we developed a chronology combining an ice flow model and an accumulation model that accounts for the fact that accumulation was lower during colder periods and vice versa.
		There is also a correlation between the Vostok dust concentration and the record of mass accumulation rate in a core taken from the Indian Ocean.
	www.agu.org /sci_soc/vostok.html (1660 words)

	Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia - - Vostok (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The primary object of Bellingshausen's two-year expedition was "to carry out a voyage of discovery in the higher southern latitudes, and to circumnavigate the ice-belt of the southern Polar Circle." During the southern winter, he was to withdraw to equatorial waters.
		Vostok and Mirny departed Kronstadt on July 4, 1819, and after stops at Copenhagen and Portsmouth, they entered the Atlantic Ocean on August 29, 1819, arriving at Rio de Janeiro on November 2.
		On March 5, Vostok and Mirny (commanded by Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev) separated for their return to Port Jackson (Sydney), Australia, so that their parallel courses would fall between those followed by Captain James Cook in HMS Resolution and Captain Tobias Furneaux in HMS Adventure during Cook's second voyage.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/ships/html/sh_098200_vostok.htm (726 words)

	Vostok 3
		Vostok 3 studied man's ability to function under conditions of weightlessness; conducted scientific observations; furthered improvement of space ship systems, communications, guidance and landing.
		The temperature in the cabin of Vostok 2 went down to 10 deg C due to what turned out to be an installation error (both the primary and back-up circulation fans were operating).
		Vostok 3 is to fly three days; Vostok 4, launched a day later, for two days; they will land simultaneously.
	www.astronautix.com /flights/vostok3.htm (4514 words)

	Vostok
		The Vostok crew accommodation was for one cosmonaut, in a spacesuit, equipped with an ejection seat for launch aborts and for landing on the earth.
		Landed 48:09 N 71:51 E. By 07:00 the temperature aboard Vostok 4 is down to 10 deg C, and the humidity at 35%.
		Vostok 5 landed at 11:06 GMT at 53:24 N 67:37 E. 01 April 1964 Vostok 7 (cancelled) Spacecraft: Vostok 3KA.
	www.astronautix.com /project/vostok.htm (16917 words)

	Vostok rocket - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vostok 8K72K rocket launches Vostok-1 spaceship (Baikonur, April 12, 1961)
		The Vostok rocket (Russian Восток, translated as "East") was a derivative of the Soviet R-7 ICBM designed for the human spaceflight programme but later used for other satellite launches.
		An investigation into a similar -- but avoided -- accident revealed that the substitution of lead-based for tin-based solder in hydrogen peroxide filters had resulted in the breakdown of the H
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vostok_rocket (245 words)

	Russian Space Boosters \| Vostok \| VideoCosmos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		"Vostok" Space booster is a new development of "Sputnik" space booster.
		On the cluster of initial ("Sputnik") two stages was installed third stage - block-E. Booster was developed for launching probes to the Moon, spacecrafts "Vostok" and satellites such as "Zenith", "Electron", reconnaissance and weather satellites.
		First launch of the "Vostok" space booster was conducted September 23rd, 1958 and the last one August 29th, 1991.
	www.videocosmos.com /boosters-vostok.shtm (137 words)

	Michael Studinger's Lake Vostok Homepage
		Lake Vostok was identified in 1996 by Russian and British scientists (Kapitsa et al., 1996) who integrated data ranging from down-hole seismics, star observations and airborne ice-penetrating radar to new spaceborne altimetric observations.
		The horizontal extent of the lake is estimated from the flat surface (0.01 degrees) observed in the ERS-1 ice surface altimetry.
		Between December 2000 and January 2001 we completed an aerogeophysical survey around Vostok as part of the NSF award for PIs Bell and Studinger.
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /~mstuding/vostok.html (501 words)

	Oregon L5 Society - Vostok Model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		(Vostok is Russian for East.) Vostok I was launched from the secret Russian space center at Baikonur, Russia, and made one orbit of the earth before landing near Smelovaka.
		At the conclusion of 64 orbits, Vostok 3 descended into the earth's atmosphere, followed by Vostok 4 after its 48th orbit.
		Unlike the American spacecraft, Vostok had no attitude control system which would assist in placing the capsule forward to withstand the searing heat of re-entry, the sphere was designed with the weight off center.
	www.oregonl5.org /l5vostok.html (498 words)

	Vostok 1
		Each cosmonaut sits in a Vostok mock-up for 40 to 50 minutes and describes the equipment and the operations to be conducted in each phase of flight.
		It is recommended that each IP tracking station should have a Chief Communications Officer, a cosmonaut to act as capsule communicator, a physician, and a representative from the Ministry of Communications to assure action on problems.
		As of now, six Vostoks have been launched, of which four reached orbit, and two landed successfully (one of these albeit after an emergency separation from the third stage on a suborbital trajectory).
	www.astronautix.com /flights/vostok1.htm (8322 words)

	ipedia.com: Vostok programme Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Vostok programme (Восто́к, translated as "East") was a Soviet human spaceflight project that succeeded in putting a person into Earth orbit for the first time.
		A series of prototype Vostoks, including at least five with animals and some with a test dummy aboard were used to qualify the spacecraft for human flight.
		Another seven Vostok flights were originally planned, going through to the April of 1966, but these were cancelled as the race to the moon intensified.
	www.ipedia.com /vostok_programme.html (162 words)

	Spacecraft - Vostok
		Modified Vostok spacecraft with addition of inflatable airlock for exit of one cosmonaut for spacewalk.
		The Vostok spacecraft was the work of a team of scientists and engineers led by the Soviet Union's pioneer aerospace engineer, Segei P. Korolev.
		The Vostok and Voskhod spacecraft, like the U.S. Mercury, could not perform orbital maneuvers - they could only be translated around their axes.
	www.braeunig.us /space/specs/vostok.htm (754 words)

	VOSTOK STATION
		Vostok is operated as a permanent Antarctic station by the Russian Federation and carries out a wide range of scientific activities.
		The Russian Vostok Station was opened in December 1957 and has an average summer population of 25 and average winter population of 13.
		From East Camp it was taken to Vostok where the Vostok postmark of 16 January, 2001 was applied at lower left.
	www.newzeal.com /theme/bases/Russia/Vostok.htm (508 words)

	The Earth Institute at Columbia University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Studinger, a geophysicist at the Earth Institute at Columbia's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, and colleagues studied Lake Vostok and its surroundings, and discovered that the earth's crust changes dramatically from one side of the lake to the other, as shown by data on gravity, magnetism and topography.
		Lake Vostok and the mountains around it are completely invisible from the surface of the Antarctic continent.
		The current paper provides the first comprehensive maps of Lake Vostok's ice thickness, geological framework, and the terrain under and around the lake as well as an understanding of how these factors influence water flow and other pieces of the Vostok ecosystem.
	www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu /news/2003/story01-21-03.html (666 words)

	Lake Vostok (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The initial theory, by Russians travelling to the Vostok Station, suggesting the existence of Lake Vostok was not acted upon until 1996, when British and Russian Scientists conducted Airborne radar experiments.
		Since the discovery of Lake Vostok, 76 similar lakes have been found in Antarctica, one of which is under the South Pole.
		Drilling at Lake Vostok has stopped until a decision can be made internationally about whether or not to drill and if so using what methods and how.
	www.70south.com /resources/environment/vostok (529 words)

	Chapter 14 -- Vostok and Mercury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Titov returned safely to Earth in Vostok 2 and was able to eject from the spacecraft and ride his parachute without further problems.
		After Titov's mandatory appearance on Lenin's tomb, the cosmonaut was whisked away to the hospital to undergo a number of tests to determine why he was sick.
		Both during and after their flights neither Nikolayev nor Popovich exhibited any of the space sickness which had plagued Titov; the Soviets determined that this sickness may depend upon the individual rather then a direct result of long space flights.
	www.space.edu /projects/book/chapter14.html (1820 words)

	Vostok
		1968 Yuri Aleksayevich Gagarin, U.S.S.R. cosmonaut (Vostok I), dies at 31
		1934 Valery Bykovsky, cosmonaut, Vostok 5, Soyuz 22, 31
		1929 Andrian Grigoryevich Nikolayev, U.S.S.R., cosmonaut, Vostok III, Soyuz 9
	www.brainyhistory.com /topics/v/vostok.html (244 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Bacteria found in Antarctic ice core
		The lake, which is buried nearly four kilometres under the ice, is one of the deepest-known bodies of fresh water on the planet and has excited researchers ever since its discovery using airborne radio-echo soundings and other techniques in 1974.
		Roughly the size of Lake Ontario, Lake Vostok is the largest and deepest of the 70 or so under-ice lakes in Antarctica.
		Obtaining sediment samples from the bottom of Lake Vostok could extend the climate record to cover millions of years.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_557000/557021.stm (564 words)

	Mysterious Lake Vostok (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		ALSOOOOO Lake Vostok was formed and living over millienaSS ago...around when lets say about when the evolution of humans were formed (yea before we were chimps) Vostok was thriving and growing in flora and fanua (?) I beileve that there is more than microrgasiums there and it makes sense for....
		Lake Vostok is the largest lake, and probably one of the largest ISOLATED eco-systems in the world.
		Antartic lakes such as Vostok are ideal to test and improve tecnology for this task with the added bonus of looking into a new relm on this planet.
	www.70south.com /news/989352796/index_html (11227 words)

	Vostok Station - Antarctica Research Stations- Antarctic Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Location: Vostok - an outpost if there ever was one - is located near the South Geomagnetic Pole, at the center of the East Antarctic ice sheet, where the flux in the earth's electromagnetic field is manifested.
		History: It was built in 1957 (IGY) and named for one of Bellinghausen's two ships, Vostok (East).
		The station was resupplied by semi-annual tractor-train expeditions that took a month to travel the 868 miles (1400k) from the coast.
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/stations/vostok.shtml (208 words)

	VOSTOK STATION TO THE NORTHWEST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		At the Vostok station in Antarctica, scientists are obtaining ice core samples down to ice depths exceeding 3600 m.
		Scott base and Vostok are showing increased action but little info is being released.
		If one were to drill through the ice at two points widely separated from each other, and place electrodes into the earth you could construct a "Rogers" type ULF transceiving station.
	www.cyberspaceorbit.com /vosopin.html (352 words)

	NOAA Paleoclimatology Program - Vostok Ice Core
		In January 1998, the collaborative ice-drilling project between Russia, the United States, and France at the Russian Vostok station in East Antarctica yielded the deepest ice core ever recovered, reaching a depth of 3,623 m (Petit et al.
		Preliminary data indicate the Vostok ice-core record extends through four climate cycles, with ice slightly older than 400 kyr (Petit et al.
		Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica.
	www.ncdc.noaa.gov /paleo/icecore/antarctica/vostok/vostok.html (448 words)

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