Vostok Station - Factbites

Vostok Station - Factbites
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Topic: Vostok Station

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	Lake Vostok
		Vostok Station is located near the South Geomagnetic Pole, at the center of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet.
		Lake Vostok lies beneath Russia's Vostok Station, thousands of meters under the surface of the continental ice sheet.
		Researchers working at Vostok Station produced one of the world's longest ice cores in 1998.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/la/Lake_Vostok.html (324 words)

	Coldest Temperature on Earth
		Antarctica also holds the previous record of the lowest temperature on Earth at -88 C. Although still unofficial, Vostok Station may have broken its own record for the coldest temperature on Earth.
		This is an unconfirmed report from Vostok Station during the winter of 1997.
		Vostok, Antarctica is the home of the coldest temperature on Earth at a cool -89 °C (183 K).
	hypertextbook.com /facts/2000/YongLiLiang.shtml (336 words)

	Vostok, Antarctica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vostok research station was built in 1957 during the IGY and has operated year-round for more than 37 years.
		Vostok, Antarctica is a Russian research station located near the Geomagnetic South Pole (see South Pole), at the center of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet.
		Vostok sits on top of the world's most southerly lake, Lake Vostok.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vostok,_Antarctica (484 words)

	VOSTOK
		An independent source that visited Norway's research base some 150 miles to the East stated that a large amount of new equipment and personnel have been arriving at Russia's Vostok Station over the last six months.
		If one were to drill through the ice at two points widely separated from each other, and place electrodes into the earth you could construct a "Rogers" type ULF transceiving station.
		Shingteller was immediately led away from the podium, and an aid responded to the many further questions with the same answer: "the project has been halted due to environmental issues", and that no further releases were pending.
	www.cyberspaceorbit.com /antmag.html (5435 words)

	Antarctica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lake Vostok, discovered beneath Russia's Vostok Station in 1996, is the largest of these subglacial lakes.
		Astrophysicists in Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station are able to study the celestial dome and cosmic microwave background radiation because of the ozone hole and the location's dry, cold environment.
		The new station can be seen at far left, power plant in the center and the old mechanic's garage in the lower right.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antarctica (4727 words)

	VOSTOK, ANTARCTICA FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Vostok research station was built in 1957 during the IGY and has operated year-round for more than 37 years.
		Vostok, Antarctica is a Russian research station located near the Geomagnetic South Pole (''see South_Pole''), at the center of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet.
		Raynaud et al (Nature, 2005/7/7) have suggested that the Vostok record may be extended down to 3,345m or 436 kyr, to include more of the interesting MIS11 period, by inverting a section of the record.
	velocipay.com /Vostok,_Antarctica (440 words)

	Climate of Antarctica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The climate of Antarctica is the coldest on earth, with the lowest temperature ever recorded on earth being -89.4 °C (-129 °F) at Vostok Station.
		The lowest temperature ever recorded in nature on Earth was -89.4°C (-129°F) recorded on Thursday, July 21, 1983 at Vostok Station.
		The highest temperature ever recorded in Antarctica was 14.6°C (58.3°F) in two places, Hope Bay and Vanda Station, on January 5, 1974.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Climate_of_Antarctica (1219 words)

	Encyclopedia: Vostok, Antarctica
		Vostok research station was built in 1957 during the IGY and has operated year-round for more than 37 years.
		Vostok, Antarctica is a Russian research station located near the Geomagnetic South Pole (see South Pole), at the center of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet.
		It is the most isolated of all of the established research stations on the Antarctic continent.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Vostok,-Antarctica (923 words)

	Soyuz spacecraft
		The Soyuz T version of the spacecraft flew its first manned mission in 1980, and since 1986 the Soyuz TM modification of the spacecraft has been delivering crews to the Mir space station.
		The Soyuz TM spacecraft photographed by the Shuttle crew at the docking port of the Mir space station.
		The longest serving manned spacecraft in the world, the Soyuz was originally conceived in Sergei Korolev's OKB-1 design bureau for the Soviet effort to explore the Moon at the beginning of the 1960s.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /soyuz.html (1035 words)

	Extreme points of Antarctica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vostok is the most isolated research base on the continent (located at 77° S 105° E), and it is situated over the southernmost lake in the world, Lake Vostok, a subglacial lake 4,000 meters (13,000 feet) under the surface of the ice where the station sits.
		It is here that the southernmost human habitation on Earth is located: Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station (U.S. Administered Base).
		Highest temperature so far recorded in Antarctica: 14.6°C (58.3°F) at Vanda Station (New Zealand administered station) on 5 January 1974
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extreme_points_of_Antarctica (542 words)

	BBC NEWS Science/Nature Three nations to share Vostok ice core
		The samples governed by the agreement were left at Vostok Station until the 2001-2002 austral summer, when arrangements were made to bring out some of the remaining ice from a storage trench.
		The ice core was drilled in 1998, to learn more about the subglacial lake known to exist under the ice at Russia's Vostok Station, high on the polar plateau.
		The American space agency (Nasa) is known to be very interested in the Vostok project because it could say something about how extreme lifeforms might exist on other planets or moons in our Solar System.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/2014504.stm (542 words)

	Catalogue-Antarctic.doc
		The inland station Vostok-1, Komsomolskaya and Vostok were founded in 1957; the latter was located near the South Magnetic Pole.
		The current station (barometer elevation 29 m) was built in July 1961, in the immediate vicinity of the old station, and is known locally as the "Antonelli meteorological station" (François Antonelli, a French meteorologist, died in a fatal fall on 23 April 1958 while repairing the anemometer mast at the station).
		A second station, called the Charcot base, was built on the continent at 69°23'S and 139°01'E, some 318 kilometres from the coast and at and altitude of 2,400 m.
	www.wmo.ch /web/www/Antarctica/Catalogue-Antarctic.doc (6020 words)

	Great White Continent, Peregrine Mariner (11 days) - Antarctica Online Travel Guide - Antarctic Connection
		Just opposite Torgersen Island on Anvers Island is the United States’ Palmer Station, which you may have the opportunity to visit.
		Port Lockroy is situated on scenic Neumayer Channel and is home to the recently restored buildings of Britain’s Base A. The site is now part of the British Antarctic Heritage Trust, which maintains the station as a museum.
		Torgersen Island is home to thousands of Adélie Penguins, which were named for the wife of explorer Dumont D'Urville.
	antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/travel/trips/gr-wh-cont_558.shtml (6020 words)

	SVS Animation 996
		Using RADARSAT data of Antarctica, one can see the abandoned Russian station that is on top of a frozen Lake Vostok.
		Then an image of Lake Vostok pulls out and we tour the lake, fyling over the only highway on the lake, coming to rest on a view of the abandoned Russian station.
		Using the RADARSAT dataset of Antarctica, we get a context of where Lake Vostok is in Antarctica.
	svs.gsfc.nasa.gov /vis/a000000/a000900/a000996/index.html (6020 words)

	SVS Animation 996 - Antarctica: Lake Vostok
		Using the RADARSAT dataset of Antarctica, the abandoned Russian station on top of frozen Lake Vostok is visible.
		Using RADARSAT data of Antarctica, one can see the abandoned Russian station that is on top of a frozen Lake Vostok.
		Using the RADARSAT dataset of Antarctica, another view of Lake Vostok, with the abandoned Russian stationi at the top of the image.
	svs.gsfc.nasa.gov /vis/a000000/a000900/a000996/index.html (192 words)

	Wired 8.04: Ice Station Vostok
		The ice below Vostok station is a history book, with each core a vertical record of prevalent conditions at a particular point in time: the amount of dust in the atmosphere, the levels of trace gases, even the weights of the water molecules themselves, which provide hints to major climatic events.
		Vostok's existence was unknown until 30 years ago, when radar and seismographs allowed scientists to piece together a map.
		The problem facing life in Vostok is that if microbes can't photosynthesize, they must rely on chemicals in the environment that have the potential to react with each other and release energy.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/8.04/vostok_pr.html (7927 words)

	AGU Web Site: Deciphering Mysteries of Past Climate From Antarctic Ice Cores
		Ice cores drilled at Vostok Station, Antarctica, 10 years ago by Russia, France, and the United States (see figure 1) are providing a wealth of information about past climate and environmental changes over more than a full glacial-interglacial cycle.
		At Vostok, accumulation is too low for recognizable annual signals to form, so we developed a chronology combining an ice flow model and an accumulation model that accounts for the fact that accumulation was lower during colder periods and vice versa.
		There is also a correlation between the Vostok dust concentration and the record of mass accumulation rate in a core taken from the Indian Ocean.
	www.agu.org /sci_soc/vostok.html (1660 words)

	VOSTOK STATION
		Vostok is operated as a permanent Antarctic station by the Russian Federation and carries out a wide range of scientific activities.
		The Russian Vostok Station was opened in December 1957 and has an average summer population of 25 and average winter population of 13.
		The picture at right shows the Air National Guard LC130 Hercules taxing out to the runway at Vostok Station in January, 2001.
	www.newzeal.com /theme/bases/Russia/Vostok.htm (508 words)

	Vostok Station - Antarctica Research Stations- Antarctic Connection
		Location: Vostok - an outpost if there ever was one - is located near the South Geomagnetic Pole, at the center of the East Antarctic ice sheet, where the flux in the earth's electromagnetic field is manifested.
		The station was resupplied by semi-annual tractor-train expeditions that took a month to travel the 868 miles (1400k) from the coast.
		History: It was built in 1957 (IGY) and named for one of Bellinghausen's two ships, Vostok (East).
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/stations/vostok.shtml (208 words)

	Lake Vostok
		The initial theory, by Russians travelling to the Vostok Station, suggesting the existence of Lake Vostok was not acted upon until 1996, when British and Russian Scientists conducted Airborne radar experiments.
		Since the discovery of Lake Vostok, 76 similar lakes have been found in Antarctica, one of which is under the South Pole.
		Drilling at Lake Vostok has stopped until a decision can be made internationally about whether or not to drill and if so using what methods and how.
	www.70south.com /resources/environment/vostok (529 words)

	NOAA Paleoclimatology Program - Vostok Ice Core
		In January 1998, the collaborative ice-drilling project between Russia, the United States, and France at the Russian Vostok station in East Antarctica yielded the deepest ice core ever recovered, reaching a depth of 3,623 m (Petit et al.
		Preliminary data indicate the Vostok ice-core record extends through four climate cycles, with ice slightly older than 400 kyr (Petit et al.
		Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica.
	www.ncdc.noaa.gov /paleo/icecore/antarctica/vostok/vostok.html (448 words)

	SPACE.com -- Life Found Near Sub-Antarctic Lake, Fueling ET Hopes
		Researchers say Vostok, named for the Russian research station that sits above it, is the largest of nearly 80 sub-Antarctic lakes that have been mapped by airborne radio sounding.
		Intense pressure from the overlying ice generates heat which, combined with geothermal heat from below, is thought to keep the Vostok's million-year-old water in a liquid state.
		Below an Antarctic glacier, in a spot nearly 10 times as deep as the Empire State Building is tall, lies what researchers believe to be a natural reservoir of fresh water known as Lake Vostok.
	www.space.com /news/life_strange_991209.html (1284 words)

	Vostok, Lake. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		), c.3,900 sq mi (10,000 sq km), c.155 mi (250 km) long and 30 mi (50 km) at its greatest width, in East Antartica beneath the remote Vostok research station.
		One of the largest subglacial lakes in Antarctica, the presumably freshwater lake is located beneath c.2.5 mi (4 km) of ice, and is 30 to 1,650 ft (10–500 m) deep.
	www.bartleby.com /65/vo/VostokLak.html (183 words)

	Lake Vostok - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is located at 77° S 105° E, beneath Russia's Vostok Station, 4,000 meters (13,000 feet) under the surface of the central Antarctic ice sheet.
		Lake Vostok is an oligotrophic extreme environment, one that is supersaturated with oxygen, with typically 50 times higher oxygen levels than those found in ordinary freshwater lakes on Earth.
		Due to this fact, if water is released from Lake Vostok due to drilling, it could gush like a popped carbonated (fizzy) drink can and, if not contained, open the lake to possible contamination and pose a potential hazard to scientists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lake_Vostok (787 words)

	Wired 8.04: Ice Station Vostok
		The ice below Vostok station is a history book, with each core a vertical record of prevalent conditions at a particular point in time: the amount of dust in the atmosphere, the levels of trace gases, even the weights of the water molecules themselves, which provide hints to major climatic events.
		Vostok's existence was unknown until 30 years ago, when radar and seismographs allowed scientists to piece together a map.
		The problem facing life in Vostok is that if microbes can't photosynthesize, they must rely on chemicals in the environment that have the potential to react with each other and release energy.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/8.04/vostok_pr.html (7927 words)

	Wired 8.04: Ice Station Vostok
		The ice below Vostok station is a history book, with each core a vertical record of prevalent conditions at a particular point in time: the amount of dust in the atmosphere, the levels of trace gases, even the weights of the water molecules themselves, which provide hints to major climatic events.
		Were Lake Vostok open to the rest of the world, its faint records and fragile life-forms would have been overwritten long ago.
		But even with the new legislation, the science of Lake Vostok continued to be a strange dance between the desire to protect and the desire to study.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/8.04/vostok_pr.html (7927 words)

	The Strangest Home on Earth, Science News Online (10/2/99)
		Vostok Station holds the uncomfortable distinction of having recorded the coldest temperature on Earth.
		Lake Vostok is the largest of these, stretching 280 km from south to north and some 60 km from east to west, roughly the size of Lake Ontario but twice as deep.
		Cut off from the rest of Earth for a million years or more, Lake Vostok may harbor ancient species of microbes, unknown to science, that are able to withstand conditions at the edge of survivability.
	www.sciencenews.org /sn_arc99/10_2_99/bob1.htm (2528 words)

	75 Degrees South
		The maximum winter temperature there is -50C and at times it hits the -80's making it the second coldest place on Earth (after Vostok station which once recorded -89C).
		With the station population increasing from 16 to nearly 80 the heaters struggle to melt the snow quickly enough for the demand.
		When the current station was built in 1990 the melt tank was on the surface, but everything here is quickly buried by snow accumulation.
	simonc.f2o.org /south (2528 words)

	Line Islands : America Islands
		The islands were annexed by Great Britain in 1888 with a view to laying the Pacific cable with Tabuaeran (then Fanning Island) as a relay station.
		Malden, Starbuck Island[?], Flint Island[?], Vostok Island[?] and Caroline Island[?], which form the Southern Line Islands, are all uninhabited.
		The Line Islands, formerly the America Islands, are a group of islands in the central Pacific Ocean, south of Hawaii, between the equator and 6°N, and about 160°W. They belong to the United States and the Republic of Kiribati.
	www.eurofreehost.com /am/America_Islands.html (2528 words)

	Satellite pictures of Antarctica
		Vostok also has the record of the deepest ice core with a depth of 3623m spanning the past 420 000 years.
		Vostok sits on top of about 4 vertical kilometers of ice !
		Right: This is a view of the Russian base of Vostok, the place where the coldest temperature on earth has been recorded at -89.9Â°C. The trail of the vehicles bringing supplies in summer is clearly visible on the right.
	www.gdargaud.net /Antarctica/RadarSat.html (2528 words)

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