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		In 1255 a bishop was appointed for the ‘Votian, Ingrian and Karelian pagans’.
		Some Votians of Vaipoole got a chance to return to their native villages in a couple of years, others only after the death of Stalin - what made it more difficult was the fact that the villages were located in the so-called ‘border zone’.
		Kettunen made four trips to the Votian Land, in 1911 he visited villages in the region of the western dialect, in 1913 the region of the eastern dialect and gathered material for his dictionary of the Mahu dialect to be published as late as in 1986.
	www.helsinki.fi /hum/sugl/proj/recfin/heinsoo.html (5359 words)

	Votian: General overview
		Genetically close to Votian are Ingrian, the Ingermanland dialects of Finnish and the North-Westren dialects of Estonian.
		Votian children were taught in Ingrian at primary school together with Ingrians in the 1930s.
		Votian songs are no longer sung, only one Votian woman was able to remember an old song that used to be sung while dancing in a ring.
	www.tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp /Russia/Votian/Votian1.html (888 words)

	Water Spirits
		The difference is reflected correspondingly in the tradition concerning water spirits: in the Central Votian lake area the perception of water spirits was never associated with fishing, whereas in the villages of Vaipooli it was clearly a part of fishing at sea and in the River Lauga.
		In a way the Votian water spirit tradition supports this theory, as the emphasis on tradition is different in the coastal villages around the Bay of Lauga and along the river on the one hand, and in the Central Votian lake region on the other where the economy was different up to the recent decades.
		The Votian terminology and examples in the article are presented in the simplified transcription of Votian dialectal texts, based on linguistic principles introduced in the preface of the Votian Language Dictionary (VKS 1990: 14-17).
	haldjas.folklore.ee /folklore/vol12/spirits.htm (6147 words)

	LCMS World Mission in Russia - A History of Ingrian Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Ingria is located on a fairly large territory between the River Narva and the NW coast of Lake Ladoga (in present-day Leningradskaya Oblast in the Russian Federation).
		Votians, and Russians who are known to have lived there since the end of the 1st millennium.
		Ethnically and linguistically, Izhorians and Votians belong to the Finno-Ugric group of the Uralic family as do Finns, but are distinct from Finns.
	lcmsrussia.org /Projects/moscow/elcihist.htm (704 words)

	Votian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Votian (Vod, Vote, Vodian) is a Uralic language which is very nearly extinct.
		The Votians, who number only a few dozen, live in an area of Russia around St. Petersburg.
		As recently as the middle of the 19th century, there were still around 5,000 Votians.
	www.flw.com /languages/votian.htm (45 words)

	Vends - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Vends were a small tribe who in the 12th-16th century lived in the area around the town of Wenden (now Cēsis) in what is now north-central Latvia.
		The origin of the Vends and their language is disputed; sometimes they are associated with the Western Slavic Wends, while other researchers believe they spoke a Finnic language and were related to the neighboring Livonians and the Votians.
		Prior to their arrival in the area of Wenden in the 12th century, the Vends are believed to have settled by the Venta River near the present city of Ventspils in western Latvia.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Vends (248 words)

	[No title]
		As an object of ethnography Votians were discovered at the end of 18th century when in the mood of Enligh t enment several scholars describe among other peoples of the region also Votian folk costumes, calendar festivals, as well as sacrificial rituals.
		The main corpus of data on Votian popular religion comes from the 20}{\super\insrsid1660701 th}{\insrsid1660701 century when Paul Ariste, the professor of fenno-ugristics of the Tartu University, conducted his numerous field trips among Votian s.
		The aim is thus to determine the role and me aning of sacrificial rituals in Votian popular religion while comparing the texts from different periods, paying attention to processes within the tradition, certain changes in activities and emic interpretations.
	www.eu.spb.ru /ethno/science/conf2002/1.rtf (715 words)

	Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura
		Votian mäciläizeD 'the people of hill', orkolaizeD 'the people of valley') have been used as ethnic classifiers, rather than as place names and proper nouns, in some multiethnic territories.
		This seems generally to be the case in areas like Ingria where language boundaries are not very sharp and the speakers havealways had close contact with other ethnic groups, or at least have been able to understand their language.
		Thus, the original meaning of (Votian) vad'd'alaine, vad'd'alain(õ) could be 'the people of Vaiga, the inhabitants of Vaiga', which soon began also to denote the inhabitants of a larger cultural area, including the eastern shore of Lake Peipsi and the Votians.
	www.sgr.fi /ct/ct51.html (3001 words)

	Vots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Obviously, Latvians had no idea about the real ethnicity of this people neither they knew what the country they came from, and both the Russian and the Votian languages were equally foreign for them.
		The linguists have found not so few farm names "Krieviņi" in the Bauska region and it is only reasonable to suppose that these farms once belonged to Vots.
		As farm names frequently became the names of the families that lived there, you may consider the possibility that you were of Votian origin, if the name Krieviņš was discovered in your family tree.
	www.roots-saknes.lv /Ethnicities/Vots/vots.htm (474 words)

	IISAKU VALD
		Iisaku graveyard is famous for its stone ring crosses (17th c.) and some memorials.
		In Jõuga there is a burial place of old Votians with 300 tumuli.
		The northern beach of Lake Peipus is for holidaymakers.
	www.iisakuvv.ee /index.php?sid=P1kGMb_m-ryrnMSjM&tid=xzL9ifxUJu6W799RooLsKHiUTHEaiEldLz8R6HW (400 words)

	[No title]
		The extention's task was to enlarge the sound-creating area, which also improved the quality of sound.
		Territory where the use of the little kannel was historical was the area of Finns, Karelians, Vepsians, Votians, Izhorians, Setos, Estonians, Livonians, Latvians, Lithuanians and North-West Russians.
		The same kind of covered technique was used by Votians and North-West Russian gusli-players.
	www.kandlekoda.ee /history.htm (868 words)

	Estonain Folklore :: Our news archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		On Thursday, December 2, the Votian Day is celebrated at the Estonian Literary Museum.
		The event begins at 11:00 with a symposium discussing the ethnic group, and research into Votian language and culture, by Estonian linguists, ethnologists, and folklorists.
		Presentations largely focus on fieldwork among the Votians, and outstanding figures among the Votians and scholars studying them.
	en.folklore.ee /archive.php?yid=1&uid=52 (79 words)

	Commonplace Ballet
		In 1969, I went on an expedition with students from Tartu University and discovered for myself the Livonians, a small group of people whose language is similar to Estonian.
		I was fortunate to hear the songs of the Votians and Izhorians performed live, which gave me a deep emotional charge.
		Hundreds of thousands of people were driven from their homes and scattered over the plains of Russia and Siberia, and the small groups who managed to remain are dying out.
	www.balletmet.org /Notes/COMMON.html (2239 words)

	Endangered uralic minority cultures
		The Uralic languages are spoken in northern, eastern and central Europe and in Siberia.
		The Finnic peoples are the Finns, the Karelians, the Vepsians, the Izhorians, the Votians, the Estonians and the Livonians.
		Strong assimilation first with the Izhorians and later with the Russians has led to the present situation in which the Votian language is on the brink of extinction.
	assembly.coe.int /Documents/WorkingDocs/doc98/edoc8126.htm (6025 words)

	Talk:Uralic - IBWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		More, AFAIR from our chatting with Jussi, there is for sure Votian and Vepsian, but rather no Ingrian.
		The homeland of the Izhorians is the same land as of the Votians, only distributed in different villages.
		Thus, there is absolutely no conflict between the existence of the Vod'sko-Izhorskii AO and Nassian presence in the Ingrian isthmus.
	ib.frath.net /w/Talk:Uralic (499 words)

	Soome-Ugri Maailmakongress
		Votians – lacking a central society, Votians have not been represented at previous Congresses.
		One Votian participated in the 2nd Congress in Budapest as a member of the Ingrian Finnish delegation.
		Kvens and Meänkieliset (Tornedal Finns) – their languages have previously been considered dialects of Finnish but today, Sweden recognises Meänkieli (Tornedal Finnish) as an independent minority language and Norway recognises Kvens as a minority.
	kongress.ugri.info /eng/cat-274/cat-330 (367 words)

	Wends - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the 13th century there was indeed a people called Wends or Vends living as far as northern Latvia around the city of Wenden and it is not known if they were indeed Slavs as their name suggests.
		Some researchers think they were related to Finnic-speaking Votians.
		This page was last modified 10:48, 27 August 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wends (482 words)

	Estonian National Museum
		The overwhelming majority of Estonian objects found in the collections date back to the 18th-20th centuries.
		In addition to Estonian objects this collection also comprises the ones collected from the Coastal Swedes, Ingrian Finns, Izhorians and Votians (Estonian-Ingrian).
		The older part mainly includes the objects related to the Estonians’ occupations, as well as commodities and folk art treasures.
	www.erm.ee /?lang=ENG&node=289&parent=3 (216 words)

	Regions spreading (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The kanklës of the first type are popular in North Eastern Aukðtaitija, Latvian Augðzeme, Latgala, South Eastern Estonia - in the Setu region, North Western Russia, they are also used by a small nation of Vepsians.
		The second type kanklës occur in Þemaitija, Western Aukðtaitija, Latvian Zemgale, in the middle region or the Estonian southern dialects, they are used by the Votians, Izhorians and Karelians.
		The kanklës of the third type are spread in the old Curonian lands in North Western Þemaitija, Latvian Kurzeme, Western Estonia, in the Votians and Izhorians lands, very much favoured with the Karelian Isthmus and territories around it.
	daugenis.mch.mii.lt /Kankles/spreadin.htm (150 words)

	Livonian Pages
		Only 800 Livonians remained after World War II and due to their coastal villages being designated part of a restricted coastal zone, many of them moved to Riga.
		As opposed to Estonians' other closely related peoples, the Votians, Livonians seem to have a brighter future as a group, since they have their own national movement.
		Livonians have their own state foundation "Livõd Randa", founded in 1991 by the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia, as well as a Livonian Cultural Centre which opened its doors in 1994.
	www.suri.ee /r/liivi/eng.html (395 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Dimitri Cvetkov, the Vote who wrote "Esimein Vaddja Čeeli Gramatikk" and also a dictionary of Jõgõperä Votic (this is now available translated and latinised by Johanna Laakso, so the format is Votic-Estonian-Russian-Finnish), had developed an orthography based on the Cyrillic script which well reflects the Orthodox Christian faith of the Votians.
		I worked with Cyrillic for a while, and I have finally found a system which reflects Votic phonology well.
		I also hope that other people using, studying or otherwise working with the Votic language will find this system useful, and perhaps this will finally lead to a standardised orthography for the Votic language.
	www.geocities.com /uralica/orth.html (150 words)

	Torupill
		In 1967 the author of the present paper could get the description of a very archaic bagpipe from the Votians in Ingermanland, not far from the eastern borders of Estonia.
		As the bagpipe is unknown east of the Votians, it is quite possible that the archaic Votic bagpipe comes from Estonia where it may once have existed (see Germ.
		The bag (tuulekott, magu, kott, loots, etc.) was usually made of the maw of a grey seal in the western and northern parts of Estonia and on the islands.
	www.users.on.net /~kustas/torupill (2745 words)

	History of Finland and the Finnish People from ice age to WWII.
		In many areas today, however, all that remains of the former Finno-Ugric inhabitants are place names.
		Meryas and Muroms no longer exist - Votians and Izhorians are almost assimilated.
		The principalities of Moscow and Novgorod conquer Karelians and Votians.
	uralica.com /earlyfin.htm (9435 words)

	Mythology's MythingLinks: Nature Spirits of the World
		This is "Waters and Water Spirits in Votian Folk Belief" by Ergo-Hart Västrik.
		An 18th entury account by the first investigator of Votians Friedrich Ludolph Trefurt,4 the Baltic-German pastor from Narva, states that the Votians had devoted one day in the year for the «goddess of the sea and rivers», the name of which Trefurt translated as Seemutter....
		Near the end are internal links to a map of the Votian region as well as three lovely photos taken there.
	www.mythinglinks.org /ct~NatureSpirits.html (5358 words)

	Danish Estonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Danish army was sent to the province only occasionally.
		In 1240-1242 Denmark went to war against Novgorod and tried to extend its rule to the land of Votians.
		King Valdemar sent his sons Abel and Canute to support the campaign of his vassals but did not gain any new territories.
	danish-estonia.iqnaut.net (811 words)

	Heiki leht
		There exist considerable differences in the medieval and early modern archaeological record of Southern and Northern Estonia, obviously related to the different social status of the elite in first the post-conquest century.
		In ethno-cultural perspective, an extensive migration of the Southern Votians from the Novgorodian Land to Tartumaa at the end of the 13th c.
		Ascertained by research, they probably occurred not through Estonia, but along the eastern shore of Lake Peipus, via Setomaa and Northern Latvia.
	www.arheo.ut.ee /Heiki_eng.htm (2583 words)

	Three Bits o Trivia: Steel Coasters, Votians and Rapid Succession
		The world's first steel pipe track roller coaster was Disneyland's Matterhorn.
		With no writings and no children who speak it, the last speaker of the Votian language will die in Russia sometime in next 30 years or less, and so, too, shall the language die.
		There were three presidents who served in 1881 -- Hayes, Garfield and Arthur.
	lexicon.typepad.com /triviums/2005/07/steel_coasters_.html (172 words)

	Soome-ugri rahvaste etnokultuur ja ajalugu
		The early Iron Age cemetery at Korvala in Savvo, SW Finland
		About the prehistoric and early Medieval contacts of the Votians and the Daugava Livs
		The natural cycle of mineral nutrients made the ancient settlement of Northern Europe possible
	www.ut.ee /Ural/fu9/k98soo.html (63 words)

	Kindred Peoples Programme
		The programme is intended to give support to the languages and cultures of the indigenous Uralic (Finno-Ugric and Samoyed) peoples inhabiting the territories of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Latvia.
		Peoples to be supported by means of this programme include the Finno-Ugric (Votians, Ingrians, Karelians, Erzyas, Mokshas, Maris, Udmurts, Komis along with Permian Komis, Khants, Mansis) as well as Samoyedic (Nenets, Enets, Nganasan, Selkup) peoples of the Russian Federation and the Livonians of Latvia.
		The programme also includes co-operation with the Saami (Lapps) of the Russian Federation, Norway, Sweden and Finland.
	www.ut.ee /Ural/ariste/proging.html (4029 words)

	History and Territorial Evolution of the Christianity.
		The religion by then might have been similar at the
		popular Christianity of the Votians (living between Estonia and St. Petersburg).
		Russian expanison (and then spread of Christianity) to the Moskow area: from the line St. Petersburg - Kursk towards the
	www.religionstatistics.net /histen4.htm (6930 words)

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