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Topic: Voting system criterion

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Monotonicity criterion

Borda count

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	Monotonicity criterion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The monotonicity criterion is a voting system criterion used to analyze both single and multiple winner voting systems.
		Furthermore, although all voting systems are vulnerable to tactical voting, systems which fail the monotonicity criterion suffer an unusual form, where voters might try to elect their candidate by voting against that candidate.
		Of the multiple-winner voting systems, all plurality voting methods are monotonic, such as bloc voting, cumulative voting, and the single non-transferable vote.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monotonicity_criterion (612 words)

	[No title]
		Many different apparently fair and reasonable voting procedures are possible (and in actual use), all of which reduce to simple majority rule in the event there are just two alternatives, but which operate differently in the event there are three or more alternatives.
		A sequential binary procedure is a voting procedure of the parliamentary type, in which a sequence of binary choices (e.g., yes or no) is put to the voters.
		Under plurality voting, C is selected (with 9 votes, as opposed to 6 for B, 4 for A, and none for D).
	research.umbc.edu /~nmiller/RESEARCH/VOTING.htm (3944 words)

	Douglas W. Jones Comments on the EAC TGDC Testimony
		With current DRE systems, the strongest competing model for voting system validation is to run parallel tests on election day with some small fraction of the voting systems.
		Up to the point where the voting system is submitted to the states for testing, all of the tests to which it is subjected are predictable.
		What the current system lacks is a channel for the problems uncovered in state testing to be disseminated to other states, the ITAs, those maintaining the voting system standards and the public.
	www.cs.uiowa.edu /~jones/voting/nist2004supp.shtml (1953 words)

	Saltman: Computerized Voting in Developing Countries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This system, sold by several manufacturers, is poised to replace many of the non-ballot mechanical lever machines currently in use.
		To overcome this barrier to the electoral process, Brazil has adopted a voting system in which candidates can be identified easily by number, as well as by name.
		On the other hand, a centralized ballot-counting system, which could be less expensively employed in the largest city or town in a rural region, would overcome many of the logistics problems in supplying equipment, but would still demand the transportation of ballots to and from remote sites.
	archive.cpsr.net /issues/voting_saltman.html (2439 words)

	Glossary
		Holds for a voting system if when the electorate is divided arbitrarily into two parts and separate elections in each part result in the same alternative being selected, an election of the entire electorate also selects that alternative.
		A semiproportional voting system in which each voter is alloted a number of votes equal to the number of candidates to be elected.
		A semiproportional representation system similar to plurality voting, except voters are limited to casting a number of votes that is less than the number of candidates to be elected.
	lorrie.cranor.org /pubs/diss/node1.html (1189 words)

	Voting system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A voting system is a means of choosing between a number of options, based on the input of a number of voters.
		Voting can also be used to award prizes, to select between different plans of action, or by a computer program to determine a solution to a complex problem.
		Votes are transferred between candidates in a manner similar to instant runoff voting, but in addition to transferring votes from candidates who are eliminated, excess votes are also transferred from candidates who already have a quota.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Voting_system (5469 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The formula for determining the number of pairwise possible votes is:where:"D = the number of voting decisions@n = the number of voting groups with a given preference ordering&p = the number of preference orderings)The Borda Pairwise Weighted Voting SystemfOne alternative to the Condorcet voting system is a weighting system for pairwise decisions.
		nWhether a voting system is direct, as among the ancient Greeks, or indirect, as in most parliamentary systems ptoday, the principle of majority rule, as in a 51% simple majority, or as in a 67% absolute majority, forms thenfundamental basis on which the legitimacy of a political system is judged.
		¾[[[[ ]n¾$[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[!vnWhether a voting system is direct, as among the ancient Greeks, or indirect, as in most parliamentary systems ¾ [[[ \p½[ð?[@[@[@[@[@¾[[[[[[[[[[!xptoday, the principle of majority rule, as in a 51% simple majority, or as in a 67% absolute majority, forms the¾ [[[~ [ð?^½$^ð?^ð?^ð?^ð?^ð?![@ÿ%ÀÀÿÿ¾[[[[[[[[[!vnfundamental basis on which the legitimacy of a political system* is judged.
	alpha.montclair.edu /~lebelp/VotingSystems.xls (1168 words)

	Instant Runoff Voting
		This system is used in the House of Representatives and the lower house of every Australian State Parliament, aside from the ACT and Tasmania.
		The ACT's electronic voting system, which was first used at the October 2001 election and was again used in the October 2004 election, is the first of its kind to be used for parliamentary elections in Australia.
		Ranked-choice voting is the only sane voting system around: it's an instant runoff election that opens up the possibility of third-party competition for major elections.
	www.ncvoter.net /irv.html (1913 words)

	Voting by Average Ranking
		Another possibility is to take an average of the votes that were cast, which is equivalent to setting the default for each alternative to the average of the rankings of all voters who ranked that alternative.
		If the voters try to maximize the effect of their vote in the average ranking method, even if their true opinion is shades of gray, the average ranking method reduces to the approval method.
		Votes are cast by an ordering of the n alternatives, and votes are tabulated by an nxn matrix counting how many times the row beat the column.
	burtleburtle.net /bob/math/vote.html (2475 words)

	Election Selection: Science News Online, Nov. 2, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The only common voting procedure that would give a tie to both of these cases is the Borda count, which gives two points to a voter's top choice and one point to his second choice in a three-candidate election.
		Voters should be motivated to vote for their true favorites rather than feeling pressured by a bad voting system into voting for the lesser of two evils.
		I vote that the purpose of elections is for each person to move government toward his goals, not to elect Tweedledum instead of Tweedledee.
	www.sciencenews.org /20021102/bob8.asp (8902 words)

	Voting System Design
		Voters find the system understandable and easy to use without error, including inexperienced voters, disabled voters, older voters, voters with fixed work hours, poor voters, voters who can't come to a polling place on election day, and voters whose native language isn't English.
		Voting is secure (only eligible people vote, each person votes only once) and private (nobody else should be able to find out how a particular voter voted).
		Your design may not be able to satisfy every criterion perfectly--if there were a perfect solution, it would already be implemented and the 2000 election's problems in Florida wouldn't have happened (nor would the more recent problems in Florida and elsewhere).
	www.ics.uci.edu /~kay/courses/131/voting.html (1587 words)

	Center for Voting and Democracy
		Cumulative voting is one scheme in the range of electoral techniques more broadly known as proportional representation.
		The arguments for proportional voting remain essentially the same whatever the level of the election, though some schemes might be more appropriate than others depending on what the election is for.
		It would be unlikely even in the case of cumulative voting, when a voter can cast more than one vote for the same person, though not more in total than any other voter.
	www.fairvote.org /op_eds/pointcounter.htm (1079 words)

	Internet Voting Task Force
		In i-voting, one key tradeoff is between ease and simplicity of voting on the one hand, and the integrity and privacy of votes on the other.
		Since i-voting systems are assumed here to augment, rather than replace, voting at the polls and voting with paper absentee ballots, this task force has adopted the criterion that the overall security of elections must not be reduced by the addition of i-voting as an option.
		Security issues in i-voting are more difficult than for electronic commerce because of one fundamental difference: in electronic commerce, financial transactions are performed online, but there is a separate offline process for checking them and for correcting any errors detected, whereas such is not, and cannot be, the case for voting.
	www.ss.ca.gov /executive/ivote/appendix_a6.htm (3028 words)

	The Debian Voting System
		For the Debian voting system the voter with the casting vote (the project leader or the chairman of the Technical Committee) decides in this case.
		The implementation of quorum and supermajorities sacrifices most of the good properties of the Condorcet voting system, but a majority of Debian developers seems to think that this implementation has benefits which outweigh the loss of these properties.
		The official debian voting system devotee is maintained by Manoj Srivastava.
	seehuhn.de /comp/vote.html (1491 words)

	[No title]
		Bush has a plurality of the votes (but not a majority) and therefore he wins by the plurality method and not by majority rules.
		The only limit on the number of votes a voter can cast is the number of candidates in contention.
		A voter indicates disapproval by not casting an approval vote for a particular candidate.
	www.fiu.edu /~cvaug001/voting/part1b.ppt (285 words)

	CNN.com - EU voting decision: UK backs delay - Nov. 29, 2003
		Britain said on Saturday the European Union should delay for years a decision on a new voting system for the bloc, a key sticking point in negotiations over drawing up a ground-breaking EU constitution.
		Spain and Poland have both rejected proposals to abolish member states' relative weighted votes in EU decision-making, which favour them disproportionately to their population size, and the row threatens to derail the talks.
		British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw told reporters the current voting system drawn up in the 2000 Nice Treaty was legally bound to stay in place until 2009 so he favoured postponing the decision for several years.
	edition.cnn.com /2003/WORLD/europe/11/29/eu.voting.reut/index.html (446 words)

	JEDEC Voting System Manual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The system prints your vote in the format of a summary, plus a copy of the e-mail sent to the sponsor (the e-mail will be properly formatted, not that page).
		Other benefits: if you voted early, and if the sponsor responded to you early, this provides for an easy access to the postcard (since you don't have to remember the password sent to you when the sponsor responded to your vote).
		When the sponsor responded to your vote with comments, an e-mail was sent to you containing a typically large number (up to 9 digits), meant for you to have a unique way of responding to the sponsor, to express your opinion regarding the response provided.
	www.jedec.org /a_votingmachine/vote_user_manual.htm (6376 words)

	ABA Division for Public Education: Students in Action: Debating Voting Issues, Representativeness, and Reforms
		Outlined are the various factors that prevented people from voting and the forces that helped overcome resistance to a broad franchise.
		You'll also learn how, despite the fact that almost all adult American citizens are legally entitled to vote today, not everyone's voice is heard equally: low voter turnout and greater participation in the political process by the more affluent result in some voices being heard more than others.
		Also examined are the five types of voting technologies used throughout the country, including those that are most-and least-reliable.
	www.abanet.org /publiced/youth/sia/voting/home.html (415 words)

	ACCURATE » Publications
		Greene, K. K., Byrne, M. D., & Everett, S. A comparison of usability between voting methods.
		Towards a Privacy Measurement Criterion for Voting Systems, Poster Paper, National Conference on Digital Government Research (May 2005).
		Hack-a-Vote: Demonstrating Security Issues with Electronic Voting Systems.
	accurate-voting.org /pubs (289 words)

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