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Topic: Voyager 1

	Voyager - MSN Encarta
		Voyager 1 visited Jupiter and Saturn, while Voyager 2 flew by Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, the solar system’s four giant outer planets.
		Voyager 1 was launched on a faster, shorter path on September 5, 1977.
		By February 2003 data from Voyager 1 showed the solar wind was once again at normal speeds of 1.1 million km/h, indicating that the termination shock boundary had expanded and overtaken the spacecraft.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761584333/Voyager.html (1524 words)

	Voyager Mission Description
		The Voyager 2 closest approach to Saturn was on 26 August 1981 at 03:24 UTC and at a distance of 161000 km from the center of Saturn.
		The Voyager 2 closest approach to Uranus was on 24 January 1986 at 17:59 UTC at a distance of 107000 km from the center of Uranus.
		Voyager 2 found that one of the most striking influences of the orientation of the rotation axis is its effect on the tail of the magnetic field, which is itself tilted 60 degrees from the planet's axis of rotation.
	pds-rings.seti.org /voyager/mission (5021 words)

	The Voyager Planetary Mission
		The prime Voyager mission to Jupiter and Saturn brought Voyager 1 to Jupiter on March 5, 1979, and Saturn on November 12, 1980, followed by Voyager 2 to Jupiter on July 9, 1979, and Saturn on August 25, 1981.
		Voyager 1 made its closest approach to Jupiter on March 5, 1979, and Voyager 2 followed with its closest approach occurring on July 9, 1979.
		Voyager 2 found that one of the most striking influences of this sideways position is its effect on the tail of the magnetic field, which is itself tilted 60 degrees from the planet's axis of rotation.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/vgrfs.htm (4225 words)

	Voyager
		Voyager 2 was launched first, on August 20, 1977, followed by Voyager 1, which was put on a faster, shorter trajectory to Jupiter on September 5, 1977.
		Voyager 1 made a startling discovery; it found nine active volcanoes erupting on Io, the innermost of Jupiter's four major moons.
		Voyager 2's "family portrait" illustrates the vastness of the solar system and the huge expanses of emptiness that lie between the outer planets.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/voyager.htm (1048 words)

	NSSDC: Voyager Project Information
		Preceeded by the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions, Voyager 1 and 2 were to make studies of Jupiter and Saturn, their satellites, and their magnetospheres as well as studies of the interplanetary medium.
		Voyager 2 was then diverted to the remaining gas giants, Uranus (January 1986) and Neptune (August 1989).
		Data collected by Voyager 1 and 2 were not confined to the periods surrounding encounters with the outer gas giants, with the various fields and particles experiments and the ultraviolet spectrometer collecting data nearly continuously during the interplanetary cruise phases of the mission.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /planetary/voyager.html (464 words)

	Voyager 1 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Voyager 1 is the farthest human-made object from Earth, traveling away from both the Earth and the Sun at a relatively faster speed than any other probe.
		Voyager 1 was launched on September 5, 1977 by NASA from Cape Canaveral aboard a Titan IIIE Centaur rocket, shortly after its sister craft, Voyager 2 on August 20, 1977.
		Voyager 1, as of September 2006, is at 12.22° declination and 17.051hrs Right Ascension, placing it in the constellation Ophiuchus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Voyager_1 (1579 words)

	Voyagers
		Voyager 1 flew by Jupiter and Saturn only, though it could have visited Neptune and Uranus, but NASA did not want to pass up the opportunity to view Saturn's moon Titan more closely.
		Voyager 2 flew by Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
		Voyager 1 is traveling above the plane that the planets are in at about 35° at a rate of about 520 million km (320 million miles) a year.
	burro.astr.cwru.edu /stu/20th_far_voyagers.html (872 words)

	Voyager says goodbye to Solar System - 05 November 2003 - New Scientist (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Voyager 1 and its companion Voyager 2 were launched on a journey to the outer planets in 1977.
		Voyager 1 is now about 90 astronomical units from the Sun (one AU is the distance between the Earth and the Sun).
		In the summer of 2002, when Voyager 1 was about 85 AU from the Sun, it measured a sharp increase in the number of energetic particles over a period of six months.
	www.newscientist.com /news/news.jsp?id=ns99994350 (464 words)

	NASA - Voyager Enters Solar System's Final Frontier
		Voyager 1 is traveling a lot and has crossed into the heliosheath, the region where interstellar gas and solar wind start to mix.
		The strongest evidence that Voyager 1 has passed through the termination shock into the slower, denser wind beyond is its measurement of an increase in the strength of the magnetic field carried by the solar wind and the inferred decrease in its speed.
		Voyager 1 is about 8.7 billion miles from the Sun and traveling at a speed of 3.6 AU per year while Voyager 2 is about 6.5 billion miles away and moving at about 3.3 AU per year.
	www.nasa.gov /vision/universe/solarsystem/voyager_agu.html (923 words)

	Space Today Online - Voyager spacecraft are leaving the Solar System
		Voyager 1, now the most distant human-made object in the Universe, and Voyager 2, close on its heels, continue their ground-breaking journey with their current mission to study the region in space where the Sun's influence ends and the dark recesses of interstellar space begin.
		Voyager 1 was so far from Earth in 1998 that it took 9 hours 36 minutes for a radio signal traveling at the speed of light to reach Earth.
		Voyager 1 is moving outwards at 3.5 AU per year, so it may encounter the termination shock in the early 2000s.
	www.spacetoday.org /SolSys/Voyagers20years.html (2629 words)

	JPL.NASA.GOV: Feature Stories
		Voyager 1, already the most distant human-made object in the cosmos, reaches 100 astronomical units from the sun on Tuesday, August 15 at 5:13 p.m.
		Voyager 1 is now at the outer edge of our solar system, in an area called the heliosheath, the zone where the sun's influence wanes.
		Voyager Project Manager Ed Massey of JPL says the survival of the two spacecraft is a credit to the robust design of the spacecraft, and to the flight team, which is now down to only 10 people.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /news/features.cfm?feature=1150 (461 words)

	VOYAGER 1 received by AMSAT-DL group
		VOYAGER 1 is the most distant object ever built by mankind.
		In 2004 VOYAGER 1 passed the Termination Shock Region, where the solar wind mixes with interstellar gas.
		VOYAGER 1 today is still active, measuring the interstellar magnetic field.
	www.southgatearc.org /news/april2006/voyager1.htm (180 words)

	Voyager
		Voyager 2 was launched August 20, 1977 followed by the launch of Voyager 1 sixteen days later.
		Although Voyager 2 was launched 16 days before Voyager 1, it arrived at Jupiter four months later than its sister craft.
		Although Voyager 1 left Earth 16 days after Voyager 2, its faster flight path allowed it to pass the slower craft and arrive at Jupiter more than four months ahead of Voyager 2.
	pds.jpl.nasa.gov /planets/welcome/voyager.htm (418 words)

	JPL News -- Voyager Spacecraft Approaches Solar System's Final Frontier
		However, before it reaches this region, Voyager 1 must pass through the termination shock, a violent zone that is the source of beams of high-energy particles.
		Voyagers 1 and 2 were built by JPL, which continues to operate both spacecraft 26 years after their launch. The spacecraft are controlled and their data returned through NASA's Deep Space Network, a global spacecraft tracking system also operated by JPL.
		For their original missions to Jupiter and Saturn, the Voyagers were destined to explore regions of space where solar panels would not be feasible, so each was equipped with three radioisotope thermoelectric generators to produce electrical power for the spacecraft systems and instruments.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /releases/2003/145.cfm (828 words)

	Voyager: The Story of the Mission - Explore the Cosmos \| The Planetary Society
		Voyager 1 flew by Jupiter on March 5, 1979, and Saturn on November 12, 1980, then headed on to Saturn’s large moon, Titan.
		In 1990, Voyager 1 took humanity’s collective breath away when it turned around to capture one last portrait for the family album -- a sequence of pictures that revealed most of the solar system – six of the nine planets in a dazzling, orbital array.
		Then, Voyager 1 will be within 1.6 light years (15 trillion kilometers, 9.3 million miles) of a star in the constellation Camelopardalis, the first time Voyager will be nearer to another star than they are to the Sun, according to Stone.
	www.planetary.org /explore/topics/space_missions/voyager/objectives.html (1624 words)

	Voyager 1 Probes 'Final Frontier'
		He said this meant Voyager 1 had successfully navigated something called termination shock, a violent-sounding term for the area where the sun's influence ends and the area between the stars begins.
		Voyager 1 and its twin Voyager 2 were built to explore Jupiter and Saturn and their surrounding phenomena and were expected to last five years after their launch in 1977.
		Voyager 1's path is bent up from the plane where most of the planets lie; Voyager 2 is headed downward.
	www.wired.com /science/discoveries/news/2003/11/61106 (673 words)

	Solar System Exploration: Missions: By Target: Jupiter: Past: Voyager 1
		Voyager 1 tracked wind speeds and turbulent storms in Jupiter's atmosphere, discovered that lightning crackles through the cloudtops, revealed a set of gossamer rings, returned stunning images of Jupiter's four largest moons Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, pinpointed three tiny new moons inside the orbit of Io, and confirmed that Jupiter has a magnetotail.
		Voyager 1 was the third spacecraft to visit Jupiter (after Pioneers 10 and 11).
		Voyager 1 is speeding along at about 57,600 kph (35,790 mph) - fast enough to travel from the Earth to the Sun three and a half times in one year.
	solarsystem.nasa.gov /missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Jupiter&Mission=Voyager_1 (409 words)

	Voyager 1 and 2
		Voyager 1 is currently at about 67 AU and moving outwards at 3.5 AU per year, so I would expect crossing the termination shock sometime before the end of 2003," said Dr. Alan Cummings, a co-investigator on the cosmic ray subsystem at the California Institute of Technology.
		"Based on a radio emission event detected by the Voyager 1 and 2 plasma wave instruments in 1992, we estimate that the heliopause is located from 110 to 160 AU from the Sun," said Dr. Donald A. Gurnett, principal investigator on the plasma wave subsystem at the University of Iowa.
		Voyager 2 was launched first on Aug. 20, 1977, and Voyager 1 was launched a few weeks later on a faster trajectory on Sept. 5.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/ask_astro/answers/970830.html (1534 words)

	Voyager
		Voyager 2 was launched on Aug. 20, 1977, followed by Voyager 1 on Sep. 5.
		Voyagers 1 and 2 then continued to Saturn, with Voyager 1 arriving in November 1980 and Voyager 2 in August 1981, where they studied the true composition of Titan's atmosphere, believed to be similar to Earth's ancient environment.
		Voyager 2 later learned that the strongest winds in our solar system exist on Neptune, and that Neptune's Great Dark Spot is really a hole in its atmosphere.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/space_missions/voyager.html&edu=high (354 words)

	Voyager 1 Sails Past 100 AU- Planetary News \| The Planetary Society
		At the urging of Carl Sagan, co-founder of The Planetary Society, Voyager 1 turned its camera back inward toward the slowly receding Sun and snapped one last set of images of the planets, a sort of family portrait, before its cameras were shut down.
		"Voyager 1 has crossed that Termination Shock for the first time and is in the heliosheath where the wind has slowed down and is turning around to head down the tail of the heliosphere," Stone continued.
		That's where all the planets are, that's where all the spacecraft have been, that's where Voyager 1 still is. The edge of that bubble is the edge of the solar system,” he explained.
	www.planetary.org /news/2006/0815_Voyager_1_Sailing_Past_100_AU_en_route.html (2943 words)

	Voyagers
		Voyager 1 was one of a pair of spacecraft launched to explore the planets of the outer solar system and the interplanetary environment, launched after Voyager 2.
		Voyager 1 is speeding away from the sun at a velocity of about 3.50 A.U./year toward a point in the sky of RA 17:28, Dec +12° (35.55° ecliptic latitude, 260.78° ecliptic longitude).
		Voyager 2 continues operations, taking measurements of the interplanetary magnetic field, plasma, and charged particle environment while searching for the heliopause (the distance at which the solar wind becomes subsumed by the more general interstellar wind).
	filer.case.edu /~sjr16/advanced/20th_far_voyagers.html (2387 words)

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