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Topic: Vulko Chervenkov

	Vulko Chervenkov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vulko Velev Chervenkov (September 6, 1900–October 21, 1980) was a Bulgarian communist politician.
		Chervenkov became a member of the government which took office soon after the end of World War II in 1945 which quickly came to be controlled by Communists.
		He became minister of culture in 1947, deputy prime minister in 1949, general secretary of the party in 1949 and prime minister of Bulgaria in 1950.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vulko_Chervenkov (272 words)

	Bulgaria.com - History, Rulers of Bulgaria - Vulko Chervenkov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		VULKO CHERVENKOV was one of the many Bulgarian communists to whom the Stalin-style Soviet socialism was the only development model.
		A stern person, firmly convinced in the rightness of the party line, Chervenkov was an active participant in the suppression of the non-communist political opposition and supported violence and physical retribution on political opponents.
		Though devoting his life to politics, Chervenkov remained a reticent man. To his close associates he used to say that a politician who spoke too openly about everything aroused mistrust: a point of view indicative of Stalin's schooling, demanding the erection of a wall of communist ideology between the leader and ordinary people.
	www.bulgaria.com /history/rulers/chervenkov.html (564 words)

	People in history - The smelting of Bulgaria's Stalin - People news
		VULKO Chervenkov is a less well-remembered historical figure than his brother-in-law Georgi Dimitrov, but he had a certain impact on the country's history.
		Chervenkov was born in 1900 in the village of Zlatitsa and became a political member of the communist party at the age of 19.
		Chervenkov was expelled from the communist party and died in 1981.
	www.sofiaecho.com /article/people-in-history---the-smelting-of-bulgarias-stalin/id_7519/catid_30 (674 words)

	History of Communist Bulgaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		But Chervenkov's support base even in the Communist Party was too narrow for him to survive long once his patron, Stalin, was gone.
		Stalin died in March 1953, and in March 1954 Chervenkov was deposed as Party Secretary with the approval of the new leadership in Moscow and replaced by Todor Zhivkov.
		Chervenkov stayed on as Prime Minister until April 1956, when he was finally dismissed and replaced by Anton Yugov.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Communist_Bulgaria (760 words)

	WORLD ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Bulgaria - Government and Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1949 Dimitrov was succeeded by Vulko Chervenkov, a protégé of Soviet leader Joseph V. Stalin.
		Chervenkov imitated his patron's cult of personality by assuming total control of the BCP and the government and enforcing complete conformity to party policy through 1954.
		Chervenkov intensified the sovietization that began under Dimitrov; the only vestiges of political diversity at this point were a few national party leaders who survived Chervenkov's purges.
	encyclopaedic.net /world/bulgaria/42.php (1002 words)

	Bulgaria - Chervenkov and Stalinism in Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Chervenkov would complete the conversion of the BCP into the type of one-man dictatorship that Stalin had created in the Soviet Union.
		Chervenkov assumed all top government and party positions and quickly developed a cult of personality like that of his Soviet mentor.
		The Chervenkov period (1950-56) featured harsh repression of all deviation from the party line, arbitrary suppression of culture and the arts along the lines of Soviet-prescribed socialist realism, and an isolationist foreign policy.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-1885.html (362 words)

	Part II, p768
		Soviet influence on the Bulgarian domestic scene was increased in 1949 with the execution of the "native" Communist leader, Traicho Kostov, accused of conspiring with the Yugoslav revisionists.
		Chervenkov's attempts to control the party were resented, and--never Khruschev's favorite--Chervenkov began to lose power as he lost support from Moscow.
		Chervenkov and Prime Minister Anton Yugov were both purged from the leadership, and Zhivkov became both first secretary of the party and prime minister.
	www.janda.org /ICPP/ICPP1980/Book/PART2/6-EasternEurope/61-Bulgaria/Bulgaria.htm (574 words)

	WORLD ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Bulgaria - COMMUNISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		By that time, Chervenkov had already moved slightly away from hard-line Stalinist domestic repression and international isolation, but the lack of clear ideological guidance from post-Stalin Moscow left him in an insecure position.
		Chervenkov's resignation and the literary and cultural flowering in the Soviet Union encouraged the view that the process would continue, but the Hungarian revolution of fall 1956 frightened the Bulgarian leadership away from encouragement of dissident intellectual activity.
		In response to events in Hungary, Chervenkov was appointed minister of education and culture; in 1957 and 1958, he purged the leadership of the Bulgarian Writers' Union and dismissed liberal journalists and editors from their positions.
	encyclopaedic.net /world/bulgaria/20.php (2142 words)

	Bulgaria - GOVERNMENT
		The ensuing regimes of Dimitrov and Chervenkov defined Bulgaria as a highly conventional communist state and isolated it from nearly all noncommunist commercial and cultural influences.
		Chervenkov's cultivation of a cult of personality earned him the nickname "Little Stalin." The breakaway of Tito's Yugoslavia from the Cominform (Communist Information Bureau) in 1948 caused Stalin and Chervenkov to put additional pressure on the BCP to conform with the Soviet line.
		The Chervenkov era firmly established Bulgarian reliance on the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) for policy leadership and resolution of domestic party rivalries.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/bulgaria/GOVERNMENT.html (17458 words)

	Bulgaria - The Chervenkov Era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		When Dimitrov died in 1949, his successor, Stalin protégé Vulko Chervenkov, began four years of intense party purges (disqualifying nearly 100,000 of 460,000 Bulgarian communists).
		Chervenkov's cultivation of a cult of personality earned him the nickname "Little Stalin." The breakaway of Tito's Yugoslavia from the Cominform (Communist Information Bureau--see Glossary) in 1948 caused Stalin and Chervenkov to put additional pressure on the BCP to conform with the Soviet line.
		Chervenkov announced a "new course" in 1953, police terror abated, and some political prisoners were released.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-1981.html (187 words)

	Vulko Chervenkov - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Vulko Chervenkov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Vulko Chervenkov - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Vulko Chervenkov.
		He was expelled from the party in 1962 but quietly readmitted in 1969.
		The orginal Vulko Chervenkov article can be editet
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Vulko-Chervenkov.html (322 words)

	1951, April. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The government decreed that all persons who left the country without permission were subject to the death penalty, and their families, to internment in concentration camps.
		Vulko Chervenkov, a protégé of Stalin, was succeeded as premier by Anton Yugov.
		First secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party, Todor Zhivkov, issued new directives calling for a 100 percent increase in industrial production and providing for decentralization of the administration and the economy.
	www.bartleby.com /67/3238.html (298 words)

	.:: BulgarianLondon.com ::.
		Vulko Chervenkov, then Number One in the party and the state, underestimated Zhivkov's abilities and his prospects for career in the party.
		Zhivkov disliked Chervenkov but would rather play the role of the obedient subordinate who respected party discipline and undivided authority.
		Through his performance at the conference which was to remove Chervenkov from the helm, Zhivkov did away with all obstacles to his total power for more than three decades.
	www.bulgarianlondon.com /en_lon/uk/history/epoch_of_the_communism/todor_zhivkov_1956-1989.php (652 words)

	Todor Zhivkov - The longest serving authoritarian - People news
		This left Chervenkov without support outside Bulgaria and, in 1956, the April Plenum of the BCP Central Committee began a broad party liberalisation policy that caused Chervenkov to resign as prime minister.
		Rather than break completely with the past, however, the party retained Chervenkov as a member of a de facto ruling triumvirate that included Zhivkov and long-time party leader and purge participant Anton Yugov, who became prime minister.
		Although party liberalisation was stalled by 1956 uprisings in Hungary and Poland, the April Plenum identified Zhivkov as the leader of the Politburo.
	www.sofiaecho.com /article/todor-zhivkov---the-longest-serving-authoritarian/id_6972/catid_30 (1131 words)

	Articles - Bulgarian Communist Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Following Dimitrov's sudden death, the party was led by Vulko Chervenkov, a hard-line Stalinist who oversaw a number of party purges under Moscow's guidance.
		In March 1954, one year after Stalin's death, Chervenkov was deposed.
		From 1954 until 1989 the party was led by Todor Zhivkov who was staunchly supportive of the Soviet Union and remained close to its leadership after Nikita Khrushchev was deposed by Leonid Brezhnev.
	www.izeez.com /articles/Communist_Party_of_Bulgaria (460 words)

	History - About Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He had remained in Bulgaria during the war and was second in rank only to Georgi Dimitrov, who had spent the war years in Moscow.
		Vulko Chervenkov, Dimitrov's brother-in-law, who also had spent the war years in Moscow, emerged as the "Stalin of Bulgaria" after Dimitrov's death in 1949.
		Chervenkov was ousted finally from his last leadership position in November 1961, and shortly thereafter Zhivkov took on the additional post of premier, thus recombining the positions of party leader and head of government.
	russalka-holidays.com /russ/en/History.htm (665 words)

	FREE In-depth report - Chervenkov And Stalinism In Bulgaria - Bulgaria
		FREE In-depth report - Chervenkov And Stalinism In Bulgaria - Bulgaria
		In 1948 the newly formed Soviet empire in Eastern Europe was threatened by a split between Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito and Soviet leader Joseph V. Stalin.
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	www.exploitz.com /Bulgaria-Chervenkov-And-Stalinism-In-Bulgaria-cg.php (482 words)

	Georgi Dimitrov And The Fight Against Titoism In Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The following portions of the report by Vulko Chervenkov on the phenomenon of Traicho Kostovism constitutes formidable evidence of the bitter struggle between Marxism and Titoism which took place in Bulgaria in the late 1940s and early 1950s.
		But there is also specific information on the role of Dimitrov in confronting the menace of Titoist ideology which had secured important footholds in the party and the state.
		In the new political dispensation and as part of the policy of the removal of communists from positions of authority in the Soviet Union and the people’s democracies Vulko Chervenkov was compelled to abandon the post of party secretaryship in February 1954 which was then taken up by the rank revisionist Todor Zhivkov.
	revolutionarydemocracy.org /rdv9n2/dimitrovintro.htm (424 words)

	Todor_Zhivkov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1951, he became a full member of the Politburo, and was made first secretary of the Central Committee, the youngest of any of the Eastern bloc leaders.
		For the first two years of Zhivkov's tenure as first secretary, the Stalinist Vulko Chervenkov remained the country's real leader, but the latter was forced out of power in 1956 in the wave of Eastern European destalinization that followed Nikita Khrushchev's denunciation of Joseph Stalin.
		In 1965, Zhivkov survived a coup attempt by dissident military officers and Party members, the first ever such occurrence in a communist state.
	www.usedaudiparts.com /search.php?title=Todor_Zhivkov (644 words)

	TIME Magazine Archive Article -- Thunder Out of Russia -- Sep. 05, 1949 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the hotel's plush lobbies and corridors, swarthy Albanian colonels conferred importantly with bemedaled Czech generals; Polish officials huddled with thoughtful Hungarians.
		Vulko Chervenkov, new boss of Bulgaria, walked side by side with Ana Pauker, Stalin's Amazon satrap for Rumania.
		Over all watched the steady eyes of the Russians sent for the occasion from Moscow.
	www.time.com /time/archive/printout/0,23657,933876,00.html (139 words)

	Bulgaria Agriculture
		Although most small farmers had joined collectives, by 1949 only 12 percent of arable land was under state control--mainly because the collectivization program alienated many peasants.
		But between 1950 and 1953, the Stalinist regime of Vulko Chervenkov used threats, violence, and supply discrimination to produce the fastest pace of collectivization in Eastern Europe.
		Sixty-one percent of arable land had been collectivized by 1952.
	www.country-studies.com /bulgaria/agriculture.html (1598 words)

	FREE In-depth report - The Chervenkov Era - Bulgaria
		FREE In-depth report - The Chervenkov Era - Bulgaria
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	www.exploitz.com /Bulgaria-The-Chervenkov-Era-cg.php (297 words)

	RCI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		1949 - Joseph V. Stalin chooses Vulko Chervenkov to succeed Dimitrov; period of Stalinist cult of personality, purges of Bulgarian BCP, and strict cultural and political orthodoxy begins.
		1953 - Death of Stalin begins loosening of Chervenkov's control, easing of party discipline.
		1962 - Nikita S. Khrushchev annoints Todor Zhivkov as successor to Chervenkov; Zhivkov becomes prime minister and is unchallenged leader for the next 27 years.
	www.rcinet.ca /rci/ru/canada_contenu.asp?ID=792&L=fr (3483 words)

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