
	Where results make sense

Topic: W chromosome

	W - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In biochemistry, W is the symbol for tryptophan.
		W is generally used as the first letter of callsigns allocated to broadcast television or radio stations east of the Mississippi river.
		W is the symbol for Wario, a Nintendo character.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/W (1023 words)

	Sex-determination system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the WZ sex-determination system, the situation is reversed: females have two different kinds of chromosomes (WZ), and males have two of the same kind of chromosomes (ZZ).
		It is unknown whether the presence of the W chromosome induces female features or the duplication of the Z chromosome induces male ones; Unlike mammals, no birds with a double W chromosome (WWZ) or a single Z (Z0) have been discovered.
		Chromosomes in the WZ region in birds are autosomal in mammals, and vice-versa; therefore, it's theorized that the WZ and XY couples come from different chromosomes of the common ancestor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sex_chromosome (530 words)

	Genitics1
		The only exception is the sex chromosome pair known as Z and W. All male pigeons will have two Z chromosomes and every hen a combination of one Z and one W. We know that the Z chromosome carries many different gene locus points while a W Chromosome doesn't seem to have any genes.
		W and Z. The W is very small and only found on a hen along with one Z while a cock has two Zs making up his sex chromosome pair and both Z's will be large with a large number of assigned genes.
		When the female is the homogametic member the symbol X is used for her large sex chromosome or X//X set while Z is used when it is the male that carries the two large sex chromosomes or Z//Z set.
	www.angelfire.com /ga/huntleyloft/Genetics1.html (3243 words)

	Reference List 2001-2250
		Pepinski, W., Niemcunowicz-Janica, A., Skawronska, M., Koc-Zorawska, E., Janica, J., and Soltyszewski, I. (1-28-2004) Allele distribution of 15 STR loci in a population sample of Byelorussian minority residing in the northeastern Poland.
		Pepinski, W., Niemcunowicz-Janica, A., Skawronska, M., Koc-Zorawska, E., Janica, J., and Soltyszewski, I. (2-10-2004) Y-chromosome STR haplotypes in a population sample of the Byelorussian minority living in the northeastern Poland.
		Pepinski, W., Niemcunowicz-Janica, A., Skawronska, M., Koc-Zorawska, E., Janica, J., and Soltyszewski, I. (6-30-2004) Y-chromosome STR haplotypes and alleles in the population sample of Old Believers residing in the Northeastern Poland.
	www.cstl.nist.gov /biotech/strbase/ref_2250.htm (6508 words)

	Publications
		Vazquez, J., Belmont, A.S., and Sedat, J.W. Multiple regimes of constrained chromosome motion are regulated in the interphase Drosophila nucleus.
		Meiotic chromosome pairing in maize is associated with a novel chromatin organization.
		Multiple chromosomal populations of topoisomerase II detected in vivo by time-lapse, three-dimensional wide-field microscopy.
	www.ucsf.edu /sedat/publications.html (1156 words)

	Evolutionary aspects of the ZZZW sex chromosome system in the Characidae fish, genus Triportheus. A monophyletic state ...
		In all the species, the W chromosome was characterized by a large amount of heterochromatin and a reduced size in relation to the Z chromosome.
		Chromosome spreads were obtained by direct preparations from kidney cells (Bertollo et al, 1978) and by short-term culture of cells (Fenocchio et al, 1991), using stimulation of mitotic activity (Lee and Elder, 1980).
		The Z chromosome corresponds to the biggest metacentric in the karyotype and the W to a medium-sized submetacentric chromosome.
	www.nature.com /hdy/journal/v89/n1/full/6800081a.html (3182 words)

	Fruit Fly Genetics
		Each chromosome arm is also numbered by recombination units, thus allowing one to know the expected recombination frequency between two genes located on the same chromosome arm.
		The chromosomal locations of individual genes are identified either by numerical location or by recombination units.
		When trying to either separate or recombine two genetic loci on the same chromosome arm it is necessary to determine beforehand the expected recombination frequency between the two loci and the number of progeny one must screen to find the desired genotype.
	www.hhmi.swmed.edu /Labs/rr/world/fly.html (1699 words)

	Chicken W: A genetically uniform chromosome in a highly variable genome -- Berlin and Ellegren 101 (45): 15967 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		the observed degree of W chromosome polymorphism is 28-fold
		W chromosome, with the aim of contrasting the degree of genetic
		is 10.08%, whereas for the W chromosome, it is 5.74% (23), i.e.,
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/101/45/15967 (2261 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Treating the metaphase chromosomes with restriction endonuclease Alu I showed only W chromosome of A. anser karyotype to be resistant to digestion.
		Interestingly, the intercalaric heterochromatin present on chromosome 4 of A. cygnoides was Alu I resistant as well as chromosome W, while all of the other heterochromatic regions were digested.
		Both possible explanations may be worth doing further studies: - transposition of W chromosome material to chromosome 4 - amplification of a new or existing, but cytologically undetectable Alu I resistant repetitive sequences forming heterochromatic segment on the chromosome 4.
	www.katki.hu /KATKI/osztalyok/baromfi/kub.html (575 words)

	Dr. Siwo de Kloet
		Tinamous possess a W sex-chromosome, intermediate in heterochromatization between the largely euchromatic W chromosome of the ratites and the highly condensed W chromosome of the neognathous birds.
		This suggests that cessation of recombination at the spindlin locus of the ancestral W and Z chromosomes of the tinamiformes and the neagnathous avian species were independent events.
		A repetitive DNA sequence on the W chromosome of owls (Strigiformes) with sequence similarity to the chicken W chromosomal repeat.
	www.avianbiotech.com /drdeKloet.htm (1682 words)

	Wpkci, Encoding an Altered Form of PKCI, Is Conserved Widely on the Avian W Chromosome and Expressed in Early Female ...
		Locations of Wpkci on the nonheterochromatic end of the W chromosome and chPKCI near the centromere on the long arm of the Z chromosome are illustrated in B. The chPKCI locus on the Z chromosome was assigned by measuring 122 FISH figures.
		its mammalian homologue on chromosome 9 is implicated in the differentiation
		However, a positive function of the W chromosome may be inferred from studies on triploid chickens.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/11/10/3645 (9466 words)

	CarlZimmer.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		And some of the genes on the Y chromosome that are now essential for making males may have emerged less than 170 million years ago.
		The simplest explanation for this is that a matching pair of chromosomes in some primordial mammal diverged to become the X and the Y. Scientists suspect that these chromosomes began to part ways when one of them acquired a single gene that could turn a mammal into a male.
		One of those genes took over the job of SRY, and the chromosome on which it resides is probably on its way to becoming the new Y. If our species manages to survive for another 10 million years, our descendants will go on making men even after their Y chromosome vanishes.
	www.carlzimmer.com /articles/2002/articles_2002_5.html (2342 words)

	The Y chromosome as a battle ground for sexual selectionE
		Other genes on the Y chromosome, whose presence has been either inferred or actually demonstrated, include several that might also be important in sexual selection, such as those related to the control of embryonic growth, stature and the development of teeth.
		Genes in the nonrecombining region of the Y chromosomes of mammals.
		For those genes on the Y chromosome that have homologues on the X chromosome, it is still not obvious whether there are any genes that are conserved across all mammals, because results are still fragmentary (Fig.
	cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/Ecology/y_chromosome_as_a_battle_ground_.htm (3590 words)

	100 Concepts of Biology
		Because some of the chromosomes have a special role-in determining gender-the genes on those chromosomes have a special kind of linkage called sex-linkage.
		Since the F2 males from a cross to wild-type got their X chromosomes from this mother, half got the w chromosome and half the W+ chromosome.
		Since there is no copy of White on the Y chromosome, the males were 50% white-eyed.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /biologycentury/pages/chromo2.html (796 words)

	[No title]
		Genes on different chromosomes are inherited independently of each other because each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up independently of the others when the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell near the beginning of the first meiotic division.
		Consequently, when the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate during the first meiotic division, the chromosome that has an H allele is equally likely to end up in the same egg with the chromosome that has the W allele or with the chromosome that has the w allele.
		Father Mother ________________________ ________________________ (W F N) (w f n) ______________________ ______________________ (w f n) (w f n) Draw the genes for the Chromosome 2 pairs for the father and mother.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /sci_edu/waldron/pdf/DragonGenetics2Protocol.doc (2423 words)

	PAG-VIII: AVIAN SEX CHROMOSOMES, CONSERVATION OF REPEATED AND UNIQUE DNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The female specific W chromosome of most avian species is largely heterochromatic.
		The DNA component of the heterochromatic segment of the W chromosome has been intensively studied in the chicken and other gallinaceous birds.
		The genes on the W chromosome have evolved for a time separate from their counterparts on the Z chromosome, resulting in differences mostly in intron sequences.
	www.intl-pag.org /8/abstracts/pag8537.html (278 words)

	Primate Cytogenetics References 1990 - 1998
		Chromosomal banding study of Avahi laniger occidentalis (Syn: Lichanotus laniger occidentalis) and cytogenetic data in favour of its classification in a species apart -- Avahi occidentalis.
		Schempp, W ; Toder, R Evolution of the sex chromosomes in primates with special attention to the pseudoautosomal segment.
		Schempp, W ; Toder, R ; Rietschel, W ; Gruetzner, F ; Mayerova, A ; Gauckler, A Inverted and satellited Y chromosome in the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus).
	homepage.mac.com /wildlifeweb/cyto/text/CytoRef90-98.html (6019 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Occupancy of the majority of DNA in the chicken W chromosome by bent-repetitive sequences.
		Another family of repetitive sequences, designated the EcoRI family, was found in the DNA of the chicken W chromosome by hybridization with the W chromosome-specific XhoI family probe under conditions of low stringency.
		Thus, 70% to 90% of the DNA in the chicken W chromosome was shown to be occupied by bent-repetitive sequences.
	www.mnhn.fr /mnhn/oseb/these/resumes/saitoh2.html (270 words)

	Integration of Cytogenetic Landmarks Into the Draft Sequence of the Human Genome.
		These aberrations are visible as alterations in chromosomal banding patterns [3] or in the number or relative positions of DNA sequences labelled by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) [4].
		Clone CTD-3193o13 spans the breakpoint on chromosome 19; red signal is split between the derivative chomosome 11 and derivative 19 chromosomes and is also present on the normal chromosome 19.
		Copy-number abnormalities on chromosomes 6, 11 and 20 were subsequently confirmed by FISH using clones predicted by array CGH to be included in the region of loss.
	www.euchromatin.org /BAC01.htm (3915 words)

	Ethylin Wang Jabs' Lab: Publications
		Tavormina, P., Bellus, G.A., Webster, MK., Bamshad, M.J., Fraley, A.E., McIntosh, I., Szabo, J., Jiang, W., Jabs, E.W., Wilcox, W.R., Wasmuth, J.J., Donoghue, D.J., Thompson, L.M.,and Francomanco, C.A. A novel skeletal dysplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans is caused by a Lys650Met mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene.
		Howard, T.D., Guttmacher, A.E., McKinnon, W., Sharma, M., McKusick, V.A., and Jabs, E.W. Autosomal dominant postaxial polydactyly, nail dystrophy, and dental abnormalities map to chromosome 4p16, in the region containing the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome locus.
		Craig, R.W., Jabs, E.W., Zhou, P., Kozopas, K.M., Hawkins, A.L., Rochelle, J.M., Seldin, M.F., and Griffin, C.A. Human and mouse chromosomal mapping of the myeloid cell leukemia-1 gene: MCL1 maps to human chromosome 1q21, a region that is frequently altered in preneoplastic and neoplastic disease.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /JabsLab/Publications.cfm (4905 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		First gene on the avian W chromosome (CHD) provides a tag for universal sexing of non-ratite birds.
		The avian W chromosome shares many features with the mammalian Y chromosome: it is small, mostly heterochromatic, and filled with large repetitive arrays.
		No gene so far been assigned to the W chromosome in any bird species and, as a practical consequence, a general tag for avian gender identification on the molecular level is lacking.
	www.mnhn.fr /mnhn/oseb/these/resumes/ellegren.html (195 words)

	[No title]
		If the mother contributes a long sex chromosome, Z, to the unfertilized egg, the chick from that egg will be male because it will have two long sex chromosomes after fertilization, since it always gets a long sex chromosome from the father.
		If the mother contributes a short sex chromosome to the unfertilized egg, then the chick will be female because it will have one long and one short sex chromosome after fertilization.
		To breed a trait that is present in male chicks and absent in female chicks, the trait must be dominant and on the Z sex chromosome (sex-linked), the female parent must have the trait and the male should be lacking the trait.
	marsa_sellers.tripod.com /geneticspages/page2.html (5420 words)

	Low Levels of Nucleotide Diversity in Mammalian Y Chromosomes -- Hellborg and Ellegren 21 (1): 158 -- Molecular Biology ...
		Ellegren, H. Levels of polymorphism on the sex-limited chromosome: a clue to Y from W? Bioessays 25:163-167.
		Y chromosome conserved anchored tagged sequences (YCATS) for the analysis of mammalian male-specific fragments.
		Rice, W. Genetic hitchhiking and the evolution of reduced genetic activity of the Y sex chromosome.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/21/1/158 (2891 words)

	Evolutionary Strata on the Chicken Z Chromosome: Implications for Sex Chromosome Evolution -- Handley et al. 167 (1): ...
		Evolutionary Strata on the Chicken Z Chromosome: Implications for Sex Chromosome Evolution -- Handley et al.
		Summary of evolutionary strata formation on the avian Z chromosome, including an approximate timescale for cessation of recombination of Z-W genes.
		subunit of ATP synthase (ATP5A1) from the W chromosome in the African Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus).
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/167/1/367 (5039 words)

	The roX genes encode redundant male-specific lethal transcripts required for targeting of the MSL complex -- Meller and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		are rescued by duplication of the roX2 region on the Y chromosome.
		Hilfiker,A., Hilfiker-Kleiner,D., Pannuti,A. and Lucchesi,J.C. mof, a putative acetyl transferase gene related to the Tip60 and MOZ human genes and to the SAS genes of yeast, is required for dosage compensation in Drosophila.
		Jin,Y., Wang,Y., Johansen,J. and Johansen,K.M. (2000) JIL-1, a chromosomal kinase implicated in regulation of chromatin structure, associates with the male specific lethal (MSL) dosage compensation complex.
	embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/21/5/1084 (5097 words)

	Hens, cocks and avian sex determination: A quest for genes on Z or W? -- Ellegren 2 (3): 192 -- EMBO Reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Ellegren, H. (1996) First gene on the avian W chromosome (CHD) provides a tag for universal sexing of non-ratite birds.
		Fridolfsson, A.-K. and Ellegren, H. (2000) Molecular evolution of the avian CHD1 genes on the Z and W sex chromosomes.
		Hori, T., Asakawa, S., Itoh, Y., Shimizu, N. and Mizuno, S. (2000) Wpkci, encoding an altered form of PKCI, is conserved widely on the avian W chromosome and expressed in early female embryos: implication of its role in female sex determination.
	emboreports.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/2/3/192 (3055 words)

	Chromosomes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Goldblatt P. Chromosome cytology in relation to classification in Nerine and Brunsvigia (Amaryllidaceae).
		Flory, W.S. The chromosomes of Zephyranthes insularum, Z.
		Raina, S.N., Khoshoo, T.N. Cytogenetics of tropical bulbous ornamentals: 6 Chromosomal polymorphism in cultivated Zephyranthes.
	www.amaryllidaceae.org /bio/chromosomes.htm (172 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)