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Topic: W T Cosgrave

	W.T. Cosgrave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cosgrave immediately went to London for a meeting with the British Prime Minister and the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, where they agreed to let the border remain as it was.
		Cosgrave's governments in particular played a crucial role in the evolution of the British Empire into the British Commonwealth, with fundamental changes to the concept of the role of the Crown, the governor-generalship and the British Government within the Commonwealth.
		Cosgrave's son, Liam, succeeded his father as a TD in 1944 and went on to become leader of Fine Gael from 1965 to 1977 and Taoiseach from 1973 to 1977.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/W.T._Cosgrave (2645 words)

	Liam Cosgrave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The son of W.T. Cosgrave (who served as the first President of the Executive Council from 1922 to 1932), Liam Cosgrave entered Irish politics, becoming a TD in Dáil Éireann in 1944, when his father retired.
		Cosgrave's determination to support government anti-terrorist legislation in votes in the Dáil, in the face of outright opposition from his party, almost cost him his leadership.
		Cosgrave led a National Coalition of Fine Gael and Labour to victory in the 1973 General Election.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Liam_Cosgrave (869 words)

	Fine Gael - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		William T. Cosgrave, TD (former President of the Executive Council (prime minister) from 1922-1932) served as parliamentary leader between 1933 and 1934.
		Liam Cosgrave, TD (1965-77), Taoiseach from 1973 to 1977
		Cosgrave resigned the leadership and was replaced by Garret FitzGerald.
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Fine_Gael (2172 words)

	ireland.com - The Irish Times - IRELAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cosgrave's government sought to protect the rights of minority religious groups and fought against church attempts to institutionalise discrimination.
		Cosgrave and his ministerial colleagues had the strong desire to achieve - with the state of Northern Ireland as a reverse image - a society south of the border characterised by tolerance.
		The legacy of Cosgrave and Cumann na nGaedheal was recognised in Dáil Eireann by a once arch-rival, Sean Lemass, whose brother, Noel, had been killed by government forces in somewhat sinister circumstances during the civil war.
	www.ireland.com /newspaper/special/1999/eyeon20/1920e.htm (2265 words)

	Articles - Liam Cosgrave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		From an early age Liam Cosgrave displayed a keen interest in politics, discussing the topic with his father as a teenager before eventually joining Fine Gael at the age of 17, speaking at his first public meeting the same year.
		Cosgrave's leadership was saved and his decisions apparently vindicated, although some believe that the Ulster Volunteer Force had set out to deliberately influence the vote by bombing Dublin on that day, knowing the brunt of the legislation would fall on the IRA.
		Cosgrave was determined not to alienate certain wings of his party in choosing his cabinet.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Liam_Cosgrave (1352 words)

	History of Fine Gael
		Cosgrave and Patrick Hogan for Cumann na Gaedhael and Dillon and McDermott for the Centre Party attended the first meeting, chaired by T.W. Westrop-Bennett, Chairman of the Senate.
		Cosgrave’s role in the merger outcome is interesting as he was now to play a subordinate role to O’Duffy in the new party.
		Cosgrave’s support for the merger was based on the notion that if the opposition didn’t unite, they could all be wiped out by Fianna FaiL.
	www.generalmichaelcollins.com /Fine_Gael/F.G.History.html (3045 words)

	President of Dáil Éireann (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The constitutional structures of the Irish Republic continued in existence, answerable to Dáil Éireann following the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, alongside a Provisional Government selected by the House of Commons of Southern Ireland (elected in 1921 under the Government of Ireland Act 1920) and appointed by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
		Both the Republican and Provisional Governments merged into one under the leadership of W.T. Cosgrave in August 1921, as did both their parliaments, following a new general election which produced a body variously described as the 'Third Dáil', the 'Constituent Assembly' and the 'Provisional Parliament'.
		All previous administrations and regimes disappeared in law with the appearance of the Irish Free State and its new parliament, the Oireachtas, made up of the King, Dáil Éireann and Seanad Éireann.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/p/pr/president_of_dail_eireann.html (410 words)

	Irish Free State - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Irish Free State (Irish: Saorstát Éireann) was (1922–1937) the name of the state comprising the 26 of Ireland's 32 counties which were separated from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Irish Free State Agreement (or Anglo-Irish Treaty) signed by British and Irish Republic representatives in London on December 6, 1921.
		The Irish Free State made several steps on increasing its independence including coin and banknote issue from late 1928, this is a farthing coin from 1936 showing the obverse.
		With no British restrictions on his policies, he abolished the Oath of Allegiance (which Cosgrave intended to do had he won the 1932 general election), the Senate, university representation in the Dáil, appeals to the Privy Council.
	www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Irish_Free_State (2245 words)

	Liam Cosgrave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The son of W.T. Cosgrave (who served as the first President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free StatePresident of the Executive Council from 1922 to 1932), Liam Cosgrave entered Irish politics, becoming a TD (parliament)TD in Dáil Éireann in 1944, when his father retired.
		Cosgrave led a National Coalition of Fine Gael and Irish Labour PartyLabour to victory in the Irish General Election, 19731973 General Election.
		Both men headed governments; W. Cosgrave was took over from Michael Collins (Irish leader)Michael Collins and created the Irish Free State.
	www.infothis.com /find/Liam_Cosgrave (920 words)

	Newshound: Links to daily newspaper articles about Northern Ireland
		A central feature of Cosgrave's response to de Valera's proclamation was the demand that IRA arms be "delivered into the effectual custody" of the Free State authorities.
		It accepted the principle of majority rule but asked Cosgrave not to bar Sinn Féin TD's who refused to swear the oath of allegiance to the British Crown which had divided the Republican forces when the Treaty was signed.
		Cosgrave refused the offer not because of what it had to say about decommissioning but because he would not budge on the issue of the oath of allegiance to the Crown.
	www.nuzhound.com /articles/moloney2000/mal31-12.htm (1031 words)

	Casino Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The 1932 General Election was one of the most important general elections held in Ireland in the 20th Century.
		It resulted in the defeat of the ruling Cumann na nGaedhael party led by W.T. Cosgrave and the victory of Fianna Fáil led by Eamon de Valera.
		The results of the general election allowed Fianna Fáil to form a government for the first time with the help of the Labour Party.
	www.casinoencyclopedia.com /index.php?title=Irish_general_election,_1932 (253 words)

	Irish Free State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Irish Free State (Irish language:, Saorstát Éireann) was (1922-1937) the name of the state comprising the 26 of Ireland's 32 counties which were separated from the United Kingdom under the Irish Free State Agreement (or Anglo-Irish Treaty) signed by British and Irish Republic representatives in London on December 6, 1921.
		In reality, both Griffith's republican administration and Collins' Crown-appointed government merged with the deaths of both men, their respective offices being held by the same man, W.T. Cosgrave.
		As a result, if Collins in 1921 described the Treaty as the 'freedom to achieve freedom', all the changes, the last being the awarding of the Irish Great Seal (the first in Commonwealth history), Ireland had fully achieved de jure independence exactly ten years after the Treaty that promised it.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/i/ir/irish_free_state.html (2113 words)

	Ireland Information Guide , Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture, How
		W.T. Cosgrave, TD (former President of the Executive Council (prime minister) from 1922-1932) served as parliamentary leader between 1933 and 1934.
		In origin, it was really a larger version of Cumann na nGaedhael, the party created in 1924 by the Pro-Treaty leaders of the Irish Free State under W.T. Cosgrave.
		Cosgrave resigned the leadership and was replaced by Garret FitzGerald, Minister for Foreign Affairs in the National Coalition.
	www.irelandinformationguide.com /Fine_Gael (1269 words)

	Ernest Blythe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		From then until 1922 he served as Minister for Industry and Commerce.
		Blythe was a strong supporter of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and in 1923 he became Minister for Finance in President W.T. Cosgrave's first government.
		Blythe was committed to keeping a balanced budget at all costs, he did however fund the Ardnacrusha or Shannon Scheme.
	www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Ernest_Blythe (393 words)

	Fine Gael (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Though as Cumann na nGaedhael or the people who would form the party had been in government for ten years in the Irish Free State (1922-32), with the coming to power of Fianna Fáil under Eamon de Valera, the party spent the next sixteen years in the doldrums, overshadowed by the larger party.
		Cosgrave resigned the leadership and was replaced by Garret FitzGerald, Minister for Foreign Affairs in the National Coalition, one of Ireland's most popular politicians and son of Desmond FitzGerald, a Cumann na nGaedhael Minister for External Affairs.
		[T] denotes someone who served as Taoiseach, the modern title for prime minister.
	usapedia.com /f/fine-gael.html (1197 words)

	James McNeill - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He served as a member of the committee under Michael Collins, the chairman of the Provisional Government, that drafted the Irish Free State Constitution.
		He was subsequently appointed as Irish High Commissioner (ambassador) to the Court of St. James's (the United Kingdom.) When the first governor-general, Timothy Michael Healy retired in December 1927, James McNeill was proposed as his replacement by the Irish government of W.T. Cosgrave and duly appointed by King George V as King of Ireland.
		In office, McNeill clashed with the King's Private Secretary when he insisted on following the constitutional advice of his Irish ministers, rather than the Palace, in procedures relating to the receipt of Letters of Credence accediting ambassadors to the King in Ireland.
	www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/James_McNeill (478 words)

	NTU Info Centre: Eoin O'Duffy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		However neither W.T. Cosgrave nor Richard Mulcahy viewed him as fit for national leadership.
		It has also been suggested that Cosgrave and Mulcahy intended to remove him as Garda Commissioner had Cumann na nGaedhael won the 1932 general election.
		O Duffy, though not a TD, became the first leader, with former President of the Executive Council, (prime minister) W.T. Cosgrave serving as parliamentary leader.
	www.nowtryus.com /article:Eoin_O'Duffy (655 words)

	Douglas Hyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He did however accept appointment to Seanad Éireann, the upper house of the Irish Free State's Oireachtas (parliament) from his friend, the President of the Executive Council W.T. Cosgrave.
		In November 1925 the house moved from being an appointed to an elected body.
		Both the Taoiseach, Eamon de Valera and the Leader of the Opposition, W.T. Cosgrave were admirers of his;
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Douglas_Hyde (1370 words)

	grundy
		The Dáil Resolution of September 1922, which allowed the passing of a sentence of death by a military tribunal, was the point, it will be contended, at which the Irish State adopted capital punishment, albeit that the Resolution was presented, and indeed seen by the authorities, as a war or anti-insurrectionary measure.
		From November 1922, when four young men taken in arms were executed on the same day in Dublin (Macardle, 1968), Cosgrave and his Government colleagues ruthlessly pursued State killing as an instrument of policy.
		Professor Garvin states that Cosgrave was here expressing his determination to defend the infant democracy by mass killing if necessary (pp.
	www.ucd.ie /pages/99/articles/grundy.html (1802 words)

	Fine Gael (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		John A. Costello [T] served as parliamentary leader between 1948 and 1959
		In origins however it was really a larger version of Cumann na nGaedhael, the party created in 1924 by the Pro-Treaty[?] leaders of the Irish Free State under W.T. Cosgrave.
		Cosgrave resigned the leadership and was replaced by Garre FitzGerald, Minister for Foreign Affairs in the National Coalition, one of Ireland's most popular politicians and son of Desmond FitzGerald[?], a Cumann na nGaedhael Minister for External Affairs.
	www.city-search.org /fi/fine-gael.html (1498 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Governor-General of the Irish Free State
		It was hoped that, if he was given the same title as that used in other dominions, then, if the British government attempted to violate convention by using the office of Governor-General to interfere in the Free State's affairs, these other nations would see their own autonomy threatened and might object.
		When it came to choosing the first Governor-General there was speculation about a number of possible candidates, including the famed Irish painter Sir John Lavery and Edward, the Prince of Wales.
		In 1932 Cosgrave's government lost power to the anti-Treaty, Fianna Fáil government of Eamon de Valera.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/Governor-General_of_the_Irish_Free_State (1517 words)

	National Museum of Ireland
		Presentation of W. Cosgrave’s important silver and medal collection.
		Amongst the items is the Cup presented to him by the citizens of Dublin to mark Ireland’s admission to the League of Nations in 1923.
		The war of Independence medal represents W. Cosgrave’s part in that struggle, the 1923 cup the pride of ordinary Irish people at being accepted onto the international stage.
	www.museum.ie /news/details_news.asp?sPressType=1&newsid=189 (162 words)

	Dáil Éireann - Volume 2 - 05 May, 1922 - COMMITTEE'S REPORT.
		O CEALLACHAIN D. Ba mhaith liom cabhrú leis a méid a dubhartha; agus a rádh gur ceart go mbeadh connradh ná socrú idir an dá thaobh anso na mbeadh aon chruinniú as so go dtá Dia Ceadaoin so chugainn.
		Tá muinin againn go léir go dtiocfaidh síochcáin as an obair so.
		AN CEANN COMHAIRLE: Tá an ceart agat; aontuigheam le cad dubhairis.
	www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie /D/DT/D.S.192205050002.html (1549 words)

	Archives Dept, University College, Dublin
		After the resignation of W.T. Cosgrave in June 1944 Mulcahy was elected leader of Fine Gael.
		He stood aside to allow John A. Costello to form the First and Second Inter-Party Governments and served as Minister for Education in both (1948ñ51, 1954ñ57) and as Minister for the Gaeltacht (JulyñOctober 1956).
		He married Josephine (‘Min’) Ryan, a sister of Dr James Ryan and of Phyllis Ryan, wife of Sean T. O’Kelly, in 1919.
	www.ucd.ie /archives/html/homepage/collections/mulcahy-richard.htm (454 words)

	ireland.com / Today / News in Focus / ELECTION 2002
		The late 1920s saw the assimilation of mainstream republicanism into constitutional politics through Fianna Fáil's entry into the Dáil; the last decade has seen the near death of purist republicanism through Sinn Fein's abandonment of abstention in both parts of the island.
		Perhaps uniquely in Western Europe, continuity extends not only to parties but to families: in Dun Laoghaire and in Clare voters even have the chance to vote for a Cosgrave and a de Valera.
		While independent Ireland decisively turned its back on the trappings of monarchy with the 1937 constitution and the declaration of the republic in 1948, dynastic politics are alive and well, and the civil war split still serves as the underlying rationale for the state's two largest parties.
	www.ireland.com /focus/election_2002/voting/ohalpin.htm (669 words)

	Garret FitzGerald - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		When the party (along with the Labour[?]) won the 1973 general election, many expected that he would be made Minister for Finance.
		new taoiseach Liam Cosgrave chose FitzGerald to be Minister for Foreign Affairs, a particular irony as FitzGerald's father, Desmond had held that post in a government led by Liam Cosgrave's father W.T. Cosgrave forty years earlier!
		Liam Cosgrave resigned as party leader and FitzGerald was chosen by acclamation to succeed him.
	openproxy.ath.cx /ga/Garret_FitzGerald.html (1004 words)

	> Irish Civil War abcworld.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Anglo-Irish Treaty arose from the Anglo-Irish War (or "Irish War of Independence"), fought between Irish separatists (organised as the extra-legal Irish Republic) and the British government, from 1919-1921.
		Arthur Griffith, the Free State president had also died of a stroke ten days before, leaving the Free State government in the hands of William Cosgrave and the Free State Army under the command of General Richard Mulcahy.
		Moreover, many of these men's sons and daughters also became politicians, meaning that the personal wounds of the civil war were felt over three generations.
	www.abcworld.net /Irish_Civil_War.html (3009 words)

	Taoiseach - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Though long out of print, it may still be available in libraries.
		Biographies are also available of de Valera, Lemass, Lynch, Cosgrave, FitzGerald, Haughey, Reynolds and Ahern.
		FitzGerald wrote an autobiography, while an authorized biography was produced of de Valera.
	openproxy.ath.cx /ta/Taoiseach.html (773 words)

	TIME Magazine Archive Article -- Coming Irish Elections -- Aug. 20, 1923
		In his valedictory speech to the Dail Eireann, President William T. Cosgrave pointed out that the Lower House had passed 43 acts.
		He thanked the Deputies for the unfailing courtesy and cooperation which they had given to the Government.
		The main Parties: Government, headed by W. Cosgrave; Labor, headed by Thomas Johnson; Radical Labor, James Larkin; Republican, Eamon de Valera.
	www.time.com /time/archive/preview/0,10987,716360,00.html (396 words)

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