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Topic: WPA2

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	» Understanding the updated WPA and WPA2 standards \| George Ou \| ZDNet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The WPA and WPA2 standards were created by the Wi-Fi Alliance industry group that promotes interoperability and security for the wireless LAN industry.
		The WPA and WPA2 standards have two components (encryption and authentication) that are crucial to a secure wireless LAN.
		Pre-authentication support in WPA2 allows a client to pre-authenticate with the access point toward which it is moving, while maintaining a connection to the access point it’s moving away from.
	blogs.zdnet.com /Ou/?p=67 (2128 words)

	IEEE 802.11i - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		IEEE 802.11i, also known as WPA2, is an amendment to the 802.11 standard specifying security mechanisms for wireless networks (see Wi-Fi).
		In general, the use of WPA2 needs firmware or driver support of both devices, the wireless host (router or access point) and the wireless client (adapter).
		WPA2 support for Windows XP x64 is planned for Windows XP x64 SP2.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/WPA2 (965 words)

	PCQuest : Technology : WPA2: Second Generation WiFi Security (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		While the second generation WPA (known as WPA2 or 802.11i) is not designed to replace either WEP or WPA, it is considered the strongest security mechanism thus far.
		WPA2 adds AES encryption to address this issue as well as add a couple of enhancements in the form of Fast Roaming and Pre-authentication.
		WPA2 standard has been specially designed to overcome the major security issues, which were present in the older encryption standards.
	www.pcquest.com /content/search/showarticle.asp?arid=83850&way=search (1152 words)

	WPA2 - CryptoDox
		WPA2 is the second generation of WPA security.
		WPA2 is based on the final IEEE 802.11i amendment to the IEEE 802.11 standard.
		WPA2 was not released due to flaws in WPA.
	www.cryptodox.com /WPA2 (162 words)

	Wi-Fi Alliance Mandates WPA2 - Computing News - Digital Trends
		WPA2, said the Wi-Fi Alliance, is the second generation of Wi-Fi protection.
		WPA2 can be configured to support the earlier WPA security protocol.
		In enterprise mode, data is encrypted with AES and verifies the identity of network users using one of five different Extensible Authentication Protocols, or EAP, to fit different usage scenarios.
	news.digitaltrends.com /article9760.html (314 words)

	broadband help » News » Wi-Fi Security Upgrade - 802.11i (WPA2) ratified in June
		I belive that WPA2 is much better than WEP and AES(Whatever that is), Which is now supported by Windows XP Home & Pro.
		I think once 802.11i is ratified and WPA2 is adopted it would be a good time to upgrade old 802.11b cards.
		WPA2 will be based on the final 802.11i standard.
	www.broadbandreports.com /shownews/43553 (1376 words)

	Wi-Fi Alliance :: WPA2(TM) Security Now Mandatory for Wi-Fi CERTIFIED(R) Products
		WPA2 is fully compatible with WPA, the first generation of Wi-Fi CERTIFIED security, and brings the technology two generations past WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy), the original security method for Wi-Fi networks.
		WPA2 is based upon the full IEEE 802.11i standard, including the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), which is "government-grade" data encryption developed by the U. National Institute of Standards and Technology.
		WPA2 can be configured to support the earlier WPA security protocol.
	sev.prnewswire.com /computer-electronics/20060313/SFM06413032006-1.html (598 words)

	Wi-Fi Alliance to Secure Wi-Fi with WPA2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		WPA2 builds on its predecessor, WPA, and is specifically designed to meet the most demanding enterprise security needs.
		WPA2 is based upon the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers’ (IEEE) 802.11i amendment to the 802.11 standard, which was ratified on July 29, 2004.
		Furthermore, because WPA2 is backwards- compatible with WPA, organizations that have already implemented the WPA standard can migrate to WPA2 at their own pace.
	www.mobilemag.com /content/100/104/C3171 (737 words)

	WPA2 - CryptoDox
		WPA2 is the second generation of WPA security.
		WPA2 is based on the final IEEE 802.11i amendment to the IEEE 802.11 standard.
		WPA2 was not released due to flaws in WPA.
	cryptodox.com /WPA2 (163 words)

	Wi-Fi Protected Access - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Wi-Fi Alliance at the time already anticipated the WPA2 certification based on the final draft of the IEEE 802.11i standard, therefore the tags on the frame fields (Information Elements or IEs) are intentionally made different from 802.11i to avoid the confusion in unified WPA/WPA2 implementations.
		Official support for WPA2 in Microsoft Windows XP was rolled out on 1 May 2005.
		Note that from March 13, 2006, WPA2 certification is mandatory for all new devices wishing to be Wi-Fi certified.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access (1228 words)

	» Microsoft lays the groundwork for WPA2 and 802.11i \| George Ou \| TechRepublic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		WPA2 is an industry certification from the Wi-Fi Alliance (formerly known as Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance) that mandates IEEE 802.11i security compliance for any product that wants WPA2 certification.
		WPA2 is the successor to the first WPA standard, which was a watered down version of the draft version of the 802.11i draft standard.
		Without native OS support for WPA2, users are at the mercy of their wireless network card maker to either bundle WPA2 capable software or go out and spend around $40 on third-party software.
	blogs.techrepublic.com.com /Ou/?p=61 (731 words)

	Wi-Fi group backs brawnier security standard \| Tech News on ZDNet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Because WPA2 is compatible with WPA, companies that have already implemented WPA can upgrade to the new standard in stages.
		"WPA2 is ideally suited for enterprises in both the public and private sectors," said Frank Hanzlik, Wi-Fi Alliance managing director.
		Components of WPA2 are included in the 802.11i standard, which was developed by the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and received final approval earlier this summer.
	news.zdnet.com /2100-1009_22-5342824.html (394 words)

	AVM - WPA2
		WPA2 wurde im Juni 2004 im Rahmen des WLAN-Standards IEEE 802.11i verabschiedet und ist ein bei Funknetzen nach dem WLAN-Standard IEEE 802.11 zum Einsatz kommendes Verschlüsselungsverfahren.
		WPA2 stellt zugleich eine deutlich verbesserte Variante seiner Vorgängerversion WPA dar.
		Das Verfahren stellt allerdings auch deutlich höhere Anforderungen an die Hardware, sodass Geräte, die mit WPA umgehen können, nicht unbedingt auch WPA2 beherrschen.
	www.avm.de /de/Service/TechnikLexikon/W/WPA2.html (109 words)

	Industrial Control Designline \| How to make 802.11 systems combine security with affordability
		Both WPA and WPA2 protect the wireless network from a variety of threats, including lost or stolen devices and hacker attacks such as ‘man-in-the-middle’, authentication forging, replay, key collision, weak keys, packet forging, and ‘brute-force/dictionary’ attacks.
		WPA2 is the second generation of WPA security; providing enterprise and consumer Wi-Fi users with a high level of assurance that only authorized users can access their wireless networks.
		WPA2 is based on the final IEEE 802.11i amendment to the 802.11 standard and is eligible for FIPS 140-2 compliance.
	www.industrialcontroldesignline.com /175803449 (2575 words)

	Getting from here to there: WPA2 migration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		WPA is a bandage and your CSO recommends upgrading to WPA2.
		WPA2 clients and drivers may never be available atypical devices with embedded Wi-Fi (e.g., VoWi-Fi phones, bar code scanners) or aging adapters that simply cannot support AES.
		With this Wi-Fi Alliance WPA2 option, APs send beacons for one SSID that advertise several ciphers (e.g., TKIP [WPA], CCMP [WPA2]).
	searchsecurity.techtarget.com /general/0,295582,sid14_gci1173629,00.html?track=wsland (2046 words)

	CXOtoday.com > News > Security > Microsoft Adds WPA2 Support To XP SP2
		WPA2 is a product certification that is available through the Wi-Fi Alliance.
		WPA2 certifies that wireless equipment is compatible with the IEEE 802.11i standard.
		The goal of WPA2 certification is to support the additional mandatory security features of the IEEE 802.11i standard that are not already included for products that support WPA.
	www.cxotoday.com /cxo/jsp/article.jsp?article_id=3563&cat_id=909 (545 words)

	Learn The Basics Of WPA2 Wi-Fi Security -- Wi-Fi Security -- InformationWeek
		WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) gives wireless networks both confidentiality and data integrity, two terms not previously associated with Wi-Fi.
		The Wi-Fi Alliance's WPA2 security spec is a major improvement over WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy), the security standard in IEEE's original 802.11 (for more on WEP, see "WEP: Old-School Security for Wi-Fi" at).
		WPA2, meanwhile, uses a new encryption method called CCMP (Counter-Mode with CBC-MAC Protocol), which is based on AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), a stronger encryption algorithm than RC4.
	www.informationweek.com /news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=177105338&pgno=1 (630 words)

	Unstrung - WLANs/WiFi/802.11 - D-Link to Upgrade to WPA2 - Wireless Networking News Wire
		WPA2 is based on the 802.11i standard and offers a higher level of security than its predecessor WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access).
		After upgrading to WPA2, the most security-conscious companies will be able to feel confident that the information in their wireless networks is only accessible to authorised users.
		The WPA2 upgrade will initially be aimed at corporate environments that use a RADIUS server.
	www.unstrung.com /document.asp?doc_id=66765&site=unstrung (651 words)

	Cisco Wi-Fi Protected Access, WPA2 AND IEEE 802.11I [Cisco Aironet 1200 Series] - Cisco Systems
		Both WPA and WPA2 offer a high level of assurance for end users and network administrators that their data will remain private and that access to their networks will be restricted to authorized users.
		Because WPA2 requires configuration changes to both access points and client devices, the introduction of WPA2 should be planned and large sets of client devices and access points should be transitioned at the same time to minimize network disruption.
		WPA2 Mixed Mode operation permits the coexistence of WPA and WPA2 clients on a common SSID.
	www.cisco.com /en/US/products/hw/wireless/ps430/products_qanda_item0900aecd801e3e59.shtml (3049 words)

	» Microsoft lays the groundwork for WPA2 and 802.11i \| George Ou \| ZDNet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		WPA2 is an industry certification from the Wi-Fi Alliance (formerly known as Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance) that mandates IEEE 802.11i security compliance for any product that wants WPA2 certification.
		WPA2 is the successor to the first WPA standard, which was a watered down version of the draft version of the 802.11i draft standard.
		Without native OS support for WPA2, users are at the mercy of their wireless network card maker to either bundle WPA2 capable software or go out and spend around $40 on third-party software.
	blogs.zdnet.com /Ou/?p=61 (916 words)

	A Warm Welcome to WPA2
		WPA2 is essentially the Alliance's name for the 802.11i specification, which was ratified by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) (define) this past June.
		The main difference is that 802.11i and WPA2 require Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for encryption of data, while original WPA uses Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) for encyrption.
		WPA2, like the original WPA, will support both an Enterprise and Personal (home) version -- the personal version does not require use of 802.1X and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) authentication with a RADIUS (define) server.
	www.wi-fiplanet.com /news/article.php/3402971 (716 words)

	Crash Course: The ABCs of WPA2 Security - Wireless - Network Computing
		WPA2 is built around AES, which has replaced DES and 3DES as the de facto industry encryption standard.
		WPA2 uses CBC-MAC (Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code) Protocol for authentication and integrity, and CTR (Counter Mode) to encrypt the data and MIC.
		WPA2's MIC is similar to a checksum and provides data integrity for the nonchangeable fields in the 802.11 header, unlike WEP and WPA.
	www.networkcomputing.com /showitem.jhtml?queryText=&articleID=177103376&pgno=3 (671 words)

	WPA2-certified Wi-Fi toughens security - ZDNet UK
		Because WPA2 is compatible with WPA, companies who have already implemented WPA can upgrade to the new standard in stages.
		WPA2 is based on the 802.11i standard, which was developed by the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and received final approval earlier this summer.
		A Wi-Fi Alliance spokesman said on Wednesday that WPA2 would be "the core from which other security measures emanate" in the future.
	news.zdnet.co.uk /communications/0,1000000085,39165258,00.htm (442 words)

	Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) Overview: The Cable Guy - May 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		For WPA2 Enterprise, WPA2 requires authentication in two phases; the first is an open system authentication and the second uses 802.1X and an Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) authentication method.
		WPA2 allows the wireless client and the wireless AP to cache the results of a full 802.1X authentication so that if a client roams back to a wireless AP with which it has previously authenticated, the wireless client needs to perform only the 4-way handshake and determine new pairwise transient keys.
		With WPA2, however, a wireless AP that does not have the computational facilities to perform the more complex calculations for AES CCMP cannot be upgraded through a firmware update and must be replaced.
	www.microsoft.com /technet/community/columns/cableguy/cg0505.mspx (1610 words)

	The Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)/Wireless Provisioning Services Information Element (WPS IE) update for Windows XP ...
		WPA2 certifies that wireless equipment is compatible with the IEEE 802.11i standard.
		The goal of WPA2 certification is to support the additional mandatory security features of the IEEE 802.11i standard that are not already included for products that support WPA.
		In preauthentication, a WPA2 wireless client can perform an 802.1X authentication with other wireless access points in its range when it is still connected to its current wireless access point.
	support.microsoft.com /kb/893357 (1954 words)

	Options under WPA2 - Wireless Routers - Linksys Community Forums
		Linksys wireless router under WPA2 Personal offers the option of AES or AES+TKIP. This choice is confusing for 2 reasons: 1) The WPA2 security standard specifies CCMP as the protocol, not TKIP. TKIP is used under WPA, not WPA2. 2) AES encryption is normally used with CCMP protocol, not with the TKIP protocol.
		WPA2 = WPA +version2 (a new level of Wireless scurity).
		I have tried to upload user digital certificate on the WPA2 Enterprise configuration options, but I received "Upgrades are failed".
	forums.linksys.com /linksys/board/message?board.id=Wireless_Routers&message.id=20496 (170 words)

	MacFixIt - AirPort Extreme Base Station 802.11n (2nd gen.): Slower speeds with WPA2 encryption enabled
		On numerous occasions, and in our wireless troubleshooting tutorial, we've noted that turning off wireless security (encryption) or switching security protocols (from WPA2 to WEP or vice versa, etc.) can eliminate a number of connectivity issues with AirPort Base stations and third-party wireless routers; these include slowness in throughput, problems establishing connections and more.
		You should see a slow down when using WPA2 compared to using no encryption, but it should not be worse than G's speed (unless you accidently configured your BS to use g only, which I've done accidently before...).
		As to whether or not a particular user will see a big slowdown with WPA2 enabled (which in my case was indeed slower than a G connection), that appears to vary.
	www.macfixit.com /article.php?story=20070213102731119 (1038 words)

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