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Topic: WTO

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World Trade Organization

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General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

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WTO Dispute Settlement Body

	World Trade Organization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and operates with the broad goal of reducing or abolishing international trade barriers.
		The WTO was created on January 1, 1995 to replace the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), a series of post-war trade treaties intended to facilitate free trade.
		The WTO began the current round of negotiations, the Doha round, at the Fourth Ministerial Conference in Doha, Qatar in November 2001 (WTO, 2004d).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/World_Trade_Organization (1668 words)

	World Trade or World Domination?
		Borne along on one side by Armani-clad horsemen of the global economy, the WTO will be weighed down on the other by throngs of disenchanted, dispossessed and altogether displeased dissenters who insist that the pro-corporate, undemocratic nature of the institution portends nothing but misery for the majority of the world's inhabitants.
		WTO agreements, says Debi Barker, deputy director of the International Forum on Globalization, while eventually ratified by all member countries, are often decided upon by a small group.
		In one highly publicized case, the WTO ruled in January 1999 that the EU could no longer give preferential treatment to banana imports from former colonies in the Caribbean, a decision which is likely to hurt the region's already-impoverished, primarily small-scale banana farmers.
	www.motherjones.com /news/special_reports/wto/talvi.html (2257 words)

	CNN - Curfew in effect as Seattle struggles to control WTO protests - November 30, 1999
		WTO officials said negotiations are being conducted at the summit, despite the disruptions caused by the demonstrations.
		The mission of the WTO is to create a prospering global economy, increasing the flow of goods and services around the world.
		"The WTO is going to write the framework that will dictate how global commerce is done and our problem is that the vast majority of people in the world (have no representative to speak on their behalf at the Seattle conference)," said Chuck Collins, co-director of United for a Fair Economy.
	www.cnn.com /US/9911/30/wto.04 (1329 words)

	EH.Net Encyclopedia: From GATT to WTO: The Evolution of an Obscure Agency to One Perceived as Obstructing Democracy
		From GATT to WTO: The Evolution of an Obscure Agency to One Perceived as Obstructing Democracy
		But since the WTO was created, its members have not been able to agree on the scope of a new round of trade talks.
		When the WTO attempts to kick off a new round in Doha, Qatar later this year, protestors are again planning to disrupt the proceedings (Aaronson, 2001).
	www.eh.net /encyclopedia/?article=aaronson.gatt (2421 words)

	WTO \| World Trade Organization: WTO / GATT Home page
		The WTO wishes to make known that anti-globalization efforts are escalating to a level that is already tasteless, and could in short order become dangerous to the continued progress of economic forces.
		Expanding these corporate powers--as the WTO intends to do in Seattle and beyond--will further cripple governments and make them even less able to protect their citizens from the ravages of those entities whose only aim is to grow richer and richer and richer.
		If the WTO succeeds in Seattle, local and national governments will be less able to protect themselves against corporate policies, or to enact their own policies where these do not further free trade.
	www.gatt.org /homewto.html (2195 words)

	Seattle WTO apology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The WTO is a yearly gathering of the nations of the world to develop trade relations and policies and normally is conducted in a civilized manner.
		The organizations opposed to the WTO should openly condemn the environmental and social problems of several of the member nations of the organization, but they also should ENCOURAGE the continuation of free trade with these nations, as the wealth effect it generates will lead to a more educated and sophisticated society.
		As far as assigning blame for the civil disobedience, the anti WTO organizations will of course distance themselves from the hooligans that went through the city as if it were the reincarnation of the LA riots post Rodney King, but the blame can be cast squarely on their shoulders.
	sorry-wto.8m.com (1308 words)

	Pakissan.com; WTO: Boon or Bane for Pakistani farmers
		The recent WTO deal at Geneva whereby the rich developed countries have agreed to eliminate export subsidies and drastically reduce domestic subsidies given to their farm sector is being put to varying interpretations.
		WTO regulations coming in force in the year 2005 would further attract the influx of Indian goods, if proper remedial and safeguard measures were not adopted.
		The committee examined the provisions of WTO agreements on agriculture for implementation; to evaluate the present tariffs/non-tariff commitments on agreements on agriculture.
	www.pakissan.com /english/issues/wto/index.shtml (1679 words)

	WTO APPELLATE BODY CONDEMNS THE "BYRD AMENDMENT" - THE US MUST NOW REPEAL IT
		Offset payments constitute a remedy in addition to the imposition of an anti-dumping or anti-subsidy duty, and this remedy is not envisaged in the WTO legislation.
		Following an appeal by the US on October 18, 2002, the Appellate Body has today issued its report confirming the Panel's central finding that the Byrd amendment is WTO inconsistent because it is an illegal response to dumping or subsidisation.
		Given the clear WTO inconsistency of the law itself and the very broad interests affected, the US should repeal the Byrd amendment without delay.
	www.eurunion.org /news/press/2003/2003003.htm (434 words)

	Global Exchange : Top Reasons to Oppose the WTO
		The policies of the WTO impact all aspects of society and the planet, but it is not a democratic, transparent institution.
		The WTO is being used by corporations to dismantle hard-won local and national environmental protections, which are attacked as "barriers to trade." The very first WTO panel ruled that a provision of the US Clean Air Act, requiring both domestic and foreign producers alike to produce cleaner gasoline, was illegal.
		WTO rules have hastened these trends by opening up countries to foreign investment and thereby making it easier for production to go where the labor is cheapest and most easily exploited and environmental costs are low.
	www.globalexchange.org /economy/rulemakers/topTenReasons.html (1343 words)

	SeattleWeekly.com - News: WTO Special Coverage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		WTO investigations by the City Council and the mayor give off mixed signals.
		The cops replace the WTO as the target of protesters' fear and anger in the last battle in Seattle.
		So is "the Protest of the Century," as WTO opponents gather to give the ruling class a kick in the groin.
	www.seattleweekly.com /supplements/wto (850 words)

	WTO \| About the organization
		The WTO is a rules-based, member-driven organization — all decisions are made by the member governments, and the rules are the outcome of negotiations among members.
		All WTO members may participate in all councils, committees, etc, except Appellate Body, Dispute Settlement panels, Textiles Monitoring Body, and plurilateral committees.
		The countries that had signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade by the end of 1994 when the WTO replaced GATT as the organization overseeing the multilateral trading system.
	www.wto.org /english/thewto_e/thewto_e.htm (220 words)

	wto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The WTO is less than five years old but already acts as the Virtual Senate where corporate profits are protected from environmental, human rights, labor, and public health laws across the world.
		A WTO panel wipes out a European ban on beef from cattle treated with artificial growth hormones that was unanimously supported by countries in the European Union.
		Perhaps that is why the WTO considered the serene locale of Seattle, Washington, to hold its third high-level Ministerial Meeting in November 1999.
	www.campusdemocracy.org /wto.html (1487 words)

	The World Trade Organization - Social and Economic Policy - Global Policy Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The WTO framework, signed in Geneva as a continuation of the Doha round, seem to be a breakthrough for fairness in international trade.
		Though leaders of the WTO promised that the 2001 Doha talks would be the "development round," the results did not fulfill the needs of poor countries.
		While rich countries want the WTO rules to be “the Constitution for a single global economy”, poor countries expect the WTO to deal with trade in a way that benefits all nations.
	www.globalpolicy.org /socecon/bwi-wto/indexwto.htm (8506 words)

	CorpWatch : WTO
		WTO negotiations collapsed in Cancun amid deep divisions between the US, EU and Japan on one side and the Group of 23, led by Brazil, South Africa, India and China, on the other.
		In the mid-nineties, the WTO had been sold to the global public as the lynchpin of a multilateral system of economic governance that would provide the necessary rules to facilitate the growth of global trade and the spread of its beneficial effects.
		At the end, the WTO Ministerial Conference that was supposed to launch a new Round collapsed, suddenly, in almost total chaos, like a house of cards.
	www.corpwatch.org /section.php?id=112 (1072 words)

	The WTO and Free Trade - Global Issues
		A number of countries have also spoken out against the WTO saying that there needs to be more co-operation between the North and South (a general term to refer to the Rich and Developing countries, respectively) with regards to international trade.
		The effect of the 20 year period of a patent protection is to basically deny others (such as developing countries and their corporations) from developing alternatives that would be cheaper.
		Pro China entry into the WTO and NTR status in the US is basically from the business community who see the large population of over a billion as more consumers to buy and consume products.
	www.globalissues.org /TradeRelated/FreeTrade/WTO.asp (2487 words)

	Public Citizen \| WTO - World Trade Organization - World Trade Organization (WTO)
		The WTO is one of the main mechanisms of corporate globalization.
		Decisions affecting the economy are to be confined to the private sector, while social and environmental costs are borne by the public.
		The WTO and GATT Uruguay Round Agreements have functioned principally to pry open markets for the benefit of transnational corporations at the expense of national and local economies; workers, farmers, indigenous peoples, women and other social groups; health and safety; the environment; and animal welfare.
	www.citizen.org /trade/wto (310 words)

	World Trade Organization (WTO) - Trade \| IISD
		IISD devotes particular focus to the World Trade Organization and the multilateral trade regime that it administers, exploring the wider policy externalities of its trade rules and of WTO negotiations in new areas such as services, environment and agriculture.
		The WTO not only sets rules which circumscribe the way environmental policies may be formulated, but it also embodies more general rules which guide the flow of trillions of dollars of economic activity across the borders of the world—activity that has enormous potential to frustrate or foster sustainable development.
		As well, the WTO has been gradually moving to extend its authority into non-trade areas of domestic policy relevant to sustainable development, such as intellectual property rights, investment, services and competition policy.
	www.iisd.org /trade/wto (481 words)

	U.S. Ag Trade and the WTO
		The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an independent international organization headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland that sets and maintains the rules of global trade.
		Until a few years ago, the WTO and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), have focused mostly on manufactured goods.
		As part of the timeframe for agricultural negotiations outlined in the Doha negotiations, the chairman of the WTO committee on agricultural negotiations, Ambassador Stewart Harbinson of Hong Kong, produced a document that aimed to bridge the gaps in the negotiation positions of various countries.
	www.fas.usda.gov /itp/wto (431 words)

	Prattle in Seattle: WTO coverage misrepresented issues, protests
		Indeed, Rather's reference to the WTO's ruling on "fishing restrictions aimed at saving endangered species" might have misled viewers into thinking that the WTO was intervening on behalf of threatened animals, instead of ruling that such restrictions are an unacceptable restraint on trade.
		The Uruguay Round Agreements and the establishment of the WTO were proclaimed as a means of enhancing the creation of global wealth and prosperity and promoting the well-being of all people in all member states.
		In addition, the WTO system, rules and procedures are undemocratic, untransparent and non-accountable and have operated to marginalize the majority of the world's people.
	www.fair.org /extra/0001/wto-prattle.html (2398 words)

	The Yes Men (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		On the TV program CNBC Marketwrap Europe, the WTO announced that might equalled right, that a privatized education market would help replace Abbie Hoffman with Milton Friedman, and that there ought to be a market in human rights abuses.
		At a textiles conference in Tampere, Finland the WTO unveiled a 3-foot phallus for administering electric shocks to sweatshop employees.
		And at an accounting conference in Sydney, Australia, the WTO announced that in light of all its mistakes, it would shut itself down, refounding as an organization whose goals were not to help corporations, but rather to help the poor and the environment.
	www.theyesmen.org /hijinks/wto.shtml (397 words)

	ERS/USDA Briefing Room - World Trade Organization
		WTO Agricultural Trade Policy Commitments Database contains data on implementation of trade policy commitments by WTO member countries.
		In addition to WTO negotiations, other trade policy developments such as the proliferation of bilateral free trade agreements and enlargement of the European Union are likely to have lasting impacts on agricultural producers, consumers, industry, and global food markets.
		The WTO is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.
	www.ers.usda.gov /briefing/WTO (748 words)

	About the WTO (IFG)
		The WTO represents the rules-based regime of the policy of economic globalization.
		WTO Negotiations And The Betrayal Of The Doha Mandate, Vandana Shiva, August 2004
		Analyses of the WTO regime and case studies are included concerning major recent decisions on: environment, agriculture, intellectual property rights, culture and investment.
	www.ifg.org /analysis/wto/aboutwto.htm (2110 words)

	Asiaweek.com \| Playing By The Rules \| 12/07/2001
		Nevertheless, the WTO ascent "is a historic juncture," says Yu Shen, president of the Shanghai Customs College and one of China's top WTO experts.
		Some 900 pages of China's WTO trade pledges have yet to be translated into putonghua, and even that is merely the first step toward bringing the provinces' Byzantine regional and local business laws into compliance.
		WTO may also exacerbate the gaping divide between rich city dwellers and impoverished peasants in the countryside.
	www.asiaweek.com /asiaweek/magazine/enterprise/0,8782,186250,00.html (1790 words)

	WTO-CANCUN: Cotton Becomes a Litmus Test
		The agenda was agreed two years at a WTO ministerial meeting in the capital of Qatar.
		Commenting on the Wednesday WTO session, Ibrahim Coulibaly of the Malian cotton producers association said: ”Here is a clear case of where the ministers can make a difference.
		The four African countries have submitted a proposal to the WTO that calls for an end to ”unfair subsidies”; granted by developed countries to their cotton producers.
	www.ipsnews.net /interna.asp?idnews=20080 (882 words)

	LLRX.com - Update to WTO/GATT Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Contains a brief history of the WTO, a description of its structure and operation, an article-by-article description of the agreements, and a discussion of legal and policy issues facing the organization.
		The WTO is the depositary of its agreements, but it does not publish a separate treaty series.
		Any WTO member may request and receive a non-confidential summary of the information contained in written submissions that could be disclosed to the public.
	www.llrx.com /features/wto2.htm (6215 words)

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