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Topic: Wage slavery

	Wage slavery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Wage slavery is a term used to refer to a condition in which a person is legally (de jure) voluntarily employed but practically (de facto) a slave.
		In terms used by critics of capitalism, wage slavery is the condition where a person must sell his or her labor power, submitting to the authority of an employer merely to subsist.
		Wage slavery as a concept is a criticism of capitalism, defined as a condition when a capitalist minority of the population controls all of the necessary non-human components of production (capital and land) that other people (workers) use to produce goods.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wage_slavery (1016 words)

	Wage slavery
		Wage slavery is a pejorative term that refers to a system that compels workers to work in order to get money to live.
		Defenders of the capitalist status quo sometimes argue that the term 'slavery' is inappropriate, as a citizen in a capitalist democracy can choose his or her mode of income.
		In fact, it is a central tenent of the free enterprise theory of capitalism that a worker's working conditions are a matter of mutual consent and open to negotiation, in accordance with the market forces of supply and demand.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/wa/Wage_slave.html (360 words)

	Wage slavery (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The use of the term "wage slavery" is a rhetorical device to draw parallels between the status quo and a historical institution that is universally condemned.
		Instead, Wage slavery is embodied in the institution of property ownership and the &8220;master/slave&8221; relationship emerges from the concentration of property in the hands of particular individuals.
		Another difference between Wage slavery and chattel slavery is that many individuals who might be categorized as &8220;wage slaves&8221; are not impoverished, and they could, in theory, overcome their Wage slave status by investing in lucrative property of their own.
	wage-slavery.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (1229 words)

	Inequality at the Margins: The Effects of Welfare, the Minimum Wage, and Tax Credits on Low-Wage Labor Markets
		At the new minimum wage of $5.15, a mother with two children but no EITC could not lift her family out of poverty unless she can find enough work to average 46 hours per week over the course of a year.
		Combining wages and a parent-of-two's EITC turns a $5.15 wage rate into a $7.21 per hour rate for the first 33 hours; the effective wage rate falls slowly after that toward the nominal rate of $5.15 (which is only reached at 106 hours per week).
		The worker whose wage is $9 per hour makes what amounts to $12.60 an hour for the first 19 hours each week then converges to the $9 wage rate (but does not actually reach it until 62 hours of work per week).
	www.msu.edu /user/dorman/hout1.htm (3599 words)

	Maquiladoras: Frontier Wage-Slavery
		There was also the lack of laws and the enforcement of laws concerning the impact of the plants on the local environment and on the health of the workers.
		If Mexican workers could cross the border as easily as their bosses, or as the goods they manufacture, then they could compete for North American wages and would no longer be willing to work for pennies an hour and live in a hovel next to an open sewer.
		Wage slaves have to find or make their own abodes with very few resources.
	www.lclark.edu /~clayton/commentaries/maquiladoras.html (1105 words)

	Wikinfo \| Wage
		A wage is the price paid for the use of services of labor per unit of time (per hour, per day, and so on).
		A wage is an amount of money paid to a worker for some specified quantity of labour.
		All of the above, including the wage rate, are usually described in an employment contract that is agreed between the employer and employee at the commencement of the period of employment.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=wage (380 words)

	Amazon.ca: Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy: Books: Bales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Bales means 27 million people held in chattel slavery, debt bondage, or contract slavery: "enslaved by violence and held against their wills for purposes of exploitation." Their masters he calls "slaveholders" because they don't claim to own their victims; they control their victims' lives and mobility and gain enormous profits from their labor.
		The case of chattel slavery in Mauritania was the most interesting- Arab Muslims speaking of their fl slaves as their children, who need to be guided by a firm hand, but are inferior; who are fed the bare minimum to work and live, and not allowed to go to school.
		While there is certainly slavery there, and it appears to be the oldest continual slavery in the world, the farming he described seemed to be more sharecropping than slavery- there was little reference to the violence that forced people to remain with their land lord/slave holder.
	www.amazon.ca /Disposable-People-Slavery-Global-Economy/dp/0520224639 (1647 words)

	Overthrowing the New Slavery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Wage slavery is the condition in which a person must sell his or her labor-power, submitting to the authority of an employer, in order to merely subsist.
		The phrase "modern slavery" describes a number of conditions involving control of a person against his or her will, enforced by violence or other forms of coercion.
		The stark reality of "wage slavery" is that the owners of the means of production (capitalists) are now taking the jobs of American workers to chattel labor nations such as China, Mexico, and many others.
	www.hermes-press.com /new_slavery.htm (3940 words)

	Untitled Document
		The call for higher wages took into account the needs of the worker as a consumer, and even brought into account the worker's family and their comfort.
		This new view of wages was extremely controversial, as businesses did not see the need for higher wages on account of a worker's family and their needs.
		Supporters continued to fine tune their ideas of living wages; "Wheras proponents of 'fair' or 'honest' or 'just' wages described them as a return for individual labor yields, those who favored the living wages described them in collective terms, as the worker's rightful 'share in the products of common toil'"(Glickman, 1997: 68).
	www.lclark.edu /~soan221/01wlc/lowwage/livingwage.htm (1040 words)

	sem8-histcontext
		Slavery, while believed to be a thorough and economically feasible way to run production of sugar, also risked several setbacks.
		Hired as indentured servants, wage workers came much cheaper than slaves and could be fired at any time for any reason, as opposed to expensive up-front price for slaves whose work lessened as they grew older or through various forms of brutal discipline.
		Since wage workers were in many ways glorified slaves, working conditions at the mills, often terrible, did not have to improve since there were no consequences for keeping the workers in squalor.
	www.lehigh.edu /~ineng/sem8/sem8-histcontext.html (3215 words)

	New Forms of Exploitation of the Working Class in Argentina in the Name of &;Greater Labour ...
		In truth it is more appropriate to speak of 'labour slavery', especially when one considers that within the motor industry, according to experts in these matters, this collective agreement is not the worse in terms of promoting 'flexibility' or low wages,.
		Their monthly wage is $330, and their contracts are for periods ranging from 3 months to 2 years.
		Wage rates are at poverty level: the top rate is $1.80 an hour ($345 a month).
	www.wpb.be /icm/98en/98en09.html (8398 words)

	Illegal Immigration is slavery reborn? - Above Top Secret Conspiracy Community
		In fact - it is arguable that wage slavery in the north was less burdensome on the employers and thus their economy was more robust and growing than the southern economy where slave owners were required by law to take care of their slaves to a certain standard.
		Wage slaves have become such a dominant force that from age 5 + we are sent to brainwashing camps (schools) to teach us how to be better wage slaves.
		Wages for most illegals are actually on a par with legal positions, day workers get paid on average $7-$10 per hr, they usually demand $10.00 at the Home Depot type stores.
	www.abovetopsecret.com /forum/thread230378/pg1 (2456 words)

	Why Work? // What is a wage slave?
		"Wage slavery is the state where you are unable to perceive choices and create courses of action different from the grind of the job."
		The point here, of course, is that we don't have a single agreed-upon definition of wage slavery.
		Many of us prefer to focus on wage slavery as a state of mind, while others prefer to focus on the external aspects of wage slavery such as the wage economy.
	www.whywork.org /about/faq/wageslave.html (1071 words)

	Cannabis Culture Forums: Family Guy Lectures on Weed
		Wage slavery is a term used by anti-capitalists (including socialists, anarchists, and communists) to refer to a condition in which a person is legally (de jure) voluntarily employed but practically (de facto) a slave.
		In terms used by critics of capitalism, wage slavery is the condition where a person must sell his or her labor-power, submitting to the authority of an employer, in order merely to subsist.
		Bearing in mind that most workers' and especially peasants' wages were on the subsistence level, the laborers' condition would fit most definitions of "wage slavery".
	www.cannabisculture.com /forums/showflat.php?Number=1234042 (2279 words)

	New Page 2
		Wage labor would no longer be automatically associated with wage slavery, since high wages became a mark of freedom to actively satisfy one’s needs and desires within the consumer society.
		The overriding attention given to the achievement of high wages by the labor movement has long been dismissed by labor historians as a sign of “pure and simple” trade unionism, which was apolitical and failed to develop class consciousness.
		Living wages would guarantee workers a level of consumer comfort that would become known as the “American standard of living.” The American standard discourse was a means by which workers asserted their belief that as citizens they should be granted a comfortable living standard.
	www.princeton.edu /~jconley/ushistory/laborinprogressive.htm (1578 words)

	Question Everything
		If the wage contract were made for an indefinite period of time, instead of a fixed period of time, it would in fact constitute full-fledged slavery.
		Instead the wage contract is repeated over and over, making a kind of transitory slavery - wage slavery.
		Furthermore, it isn't really voluntary as the capitalists' monopoly over the means of production, which is the result of government coercion, forces us to sell our labor to them.
	question-everything.mahost.org /2004/09/capitalism-wage-slavery.html (86 words)

	American Experience \| The Time of the Lincolns \| A Rising Nation
		In fact, they argued, unlike the "wage slavery" of the North, the slavery system in the South provided food, clothing, medical care, and leisure to slaves, caring for them throughout their lives.
		Prominent defenders of slavery, including George Fitzhugh, based their pro-slavery attitudes on a racist assessment of African Americans as inferior to whites.
		On top of its fundamentally racist outlook, this Southern justification of slavery ignored the central issue of self-determination: Northern workers could make their own choices, leaving their jobs or possibly heading West to the frontier, while slaves could not.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/lincolns/nation/es_wages.html (326 words)

	Chapter 5 High Tech, Low Pay [Sam Marcy]
		As Marx was to write, "It is slavery that gave the colonies their value; it is the colonies that have created world trade, and it is world trade that is the precondition of large-scale industry.
		Another and more flagrant contradiction was that one of the fundamental characteristics of the capitalist mode of production is wage slavery, which means a free proletarian, that is, a worker free to sell his or her labor on the capitalist market.
		In time this lower wage may apply to all workers unless a combined effort of all the unions, not only the postal unions, is mobilized against it throughout the country.
	www.workers.org /marcy/hightech/chap5.html (10535 words)

	Boutang's From Slavery to wage labour reviewed by Barchiesi
		In this perspective, the function of formal guarantees of individual worker’s rights and freedoms, with corresponding duties was to enable whilst simultaneously masking the exploitation inherent to the selling of labour power that, in relation to those rights and freedoms, is prior and constitutive in its essentially economic dynamic of expropriation and domination.
		Thus wage labour was presented in this light as a more refined, cumulatively perfectioned and necessary universal form of capital’s employment of the proletariat.
		The questioning of the concept of ‘wage labour’ leads Moulier Boutang to a conclusion that has an enormous theoretical relevance and political significance: the proletariat as abstractly unitary subject of capitalist oppression intended in Marxian vulgate as the premise of liberation and teleological horizon of resistance tends to disappear from view.
	www.generation-online.org /t/imprisonedbodies.htm (2393 words)

	Against Wage-Labour - Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Against the Wage is a newsletter that originally we aimed to publish every 2 weeks, however due to our limitations, the newsletter will be published monthly.
		This is a step towards opening a much-needed study of the difficulties and barriers of the movement to achieve the unity, agreement and militancy of the internationalism of workers against the capitalist system.
		Living free without the wage is a glimmer of light at the end of a very narrow suffocating tunnel – let us come together and burst open this fl tunnel to emancipate all living beings.
	againstwage.com (2814 words)

	Political Economy: A Communist Critique of the Wage System. A Progressive Labor Party Pamphlet
		Therefore the wage paid to us for our labor power (based on the exchange value of our labor power) is lower than the total price of the commodities we produce (based on the exchange value of the commodities, which in turn is based on the total time we spend laboring for the capitalist each day).
		Sweatshops, layoffs, minimum wages, schemes to circumvent minimum-wage laws, elimination of benefits, moving production to lower-wage-rate countries, and, most important of all, intense racism and sexism to divide the working class and "justify" huge wage differentials--all of these forms of exploitation are rooted in the nature of capitalism.
		True, under wage slavery, we are free to leave our "master," but that merely means we are free to find another master or starve to death.
	www.plp.org /pamphlets/politecon.html (21142 words)

	Worker Cooperatives
		Although a slave-owner himself, Jefferson advocated emancipation on a social scale; he led the fight to stop the spread of slavery into the west; his aim and vision was to create a true democratic republic with a general equality in land through free homesteads.
		Besides being attempts to gain a constructive sense of community by separating from the capitalist wage system, and to lead a "spiritual" life, all were expressions of a widespread dissatisfaction with the bounds and constraints, both economic and social, that accompanied the isolated nuclear family.
		Workers' wages were lagging behind prices and cost of living, due to runaway paper-money inflation, and employers also hit workers with wage-cuts and layoffs.
	www.red-coral.net /WorkCoops.html (19708 words)

	Living Wage 6
		Z Magazine, equates prison industry with wage slavery and details the resurgence of prison labor.
		Z Magazine, describes the migrant labor system that strawberry pickers use to harvest their crop as a "coercive and corrupt labor system that is not unlike indentured slavery" and details their organizing efforts.
		As multi-national corporations expand globally in search of the cheapest wages, the issue of child labor has become a popular one with activists and reformers.
	www.zmag.org /Activism/living6.htm (1384 words)

	Creating Livable Alternatives to Wage Slavery: Bertrand Russell Page
		It is obvious that, in primitive communities, peasants, left to themselves, would not have parted with the slender surplus upon which the warriors and priests subsisted, but would have either produced less or consumed more.
		Instead of that the old chaos was restored, those whose work was demanded were made to work long hours, and the rest were left to starve as unemployed.
		Because work is a duty, and a man should not receive wages in proportion to what he has produced, but in proportion to his virtue as exemplified by his industry.
	www.uic.edu /classes/engl/engl160/Readings/Russell.htm (4704 words)

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