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Topic: Wales referendum, 1997

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	Wales referendum, 1997 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This was the second referendum held in Wales over the question of devolution, the first being the Wales referendum, 1979.
		It was generally believed that the Labour government scheduled the referendum as it did because it foresaw the embarrassment of a defeat, and therefore arranged for the Scotland referendum to be held slightly earlier, in the hope that the anticipated result would influence the Welsh result.
		The referendum was held on September 18, 1997, a week after the referendum in Scotland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wales_referendum,_1997 (348 words)

	Scotland referendum, 1997 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Scotland referendum of 1997 was a pre-legislative referendum held in Scotland only, over whether there was support for the creation of an assembly for Scotland and whether there was support for an assembly with tax varying powers.
		The referendum was a manifesto commitment of the Labour Party and was held in their first term after the United Kingdom general election, 1997.
		This was the second referendum held in Scotland over the question of devolution, the first being the Scotland referendum, 1979.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scotland_referendum,_1997 (273 words)

	referendum - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about referendum
		In September 1997 referendums were held in Scotland and Wales, in which voters approved the government's devolution plans, and, in May 1998, in a referendum held at the same time in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland the electorate approved the Good Friday agreement making way to peace on the island.
		A referendum was held in Canada in 1995 on the issue of independence for the province of Québec.
		Referendums in the UK British political tradition has normally rejected the referendum as an unnecessary device on the grounds that the will of the people is expressed generally at elections and between elections through its representatives in Parliament, although local referendums are used over licensing laws in Wales.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /referendum (688 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Referendum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In countries in which a referendum must be initiated by parliament it is sometimes mandatory to hold a binding referendum on certain proposals, such as constitutional amendments (e.g.
		Some opposition to the referendum has arisen from its use by dictators such as Hitler and Mussolini who, it is argued, used the plebiscite to clothe oppressive policies in a veneer of legitimacy.
		The 1980 Quebec referendum and 1995 Quebec referendum on the secession of Québec are notable cases.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/?title=Referendum (3719 words)

	Wales. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Wales is bounded by the Irish Sea (N), by the Bristol Channel (S), by the English counties of Cheshire, Shropshire, Herefordshire, and Gloucestershire (E), and by Cardigan Bay and St. George’s Channel (W).
		The strong hold of evangelical Protestantism on Wales was to make the establishment of the Church of England there the dominant question in Welsh politics in the later 19th cent.; one of the last acts of Parliament that applied to Wales alone was the disestablishment of the church in 1914.
		The distress of rural Wales was dramatically evidenced in the Rebecca Riots of 1843, when poor farmers destroyed toll booths, and in the emigration of large numbers of Welshmen, many to the United States.
	www.bartleby.com /65/wa/Wales.html (1832 words)

	Read about Referendum at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Referendum and learn about Referendum here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Critics of the Borda count argue that it is particularly susceptible to tactical voting and to the tactical nomination of candidates, and that it may produce results that are opposed by a majority of voters.
		Constitution of Canada does not expressly require that amendments be approved by referendum some argue that, in light of the precedent set by the Charlottetown Accord referendum, this may have become an unwritten convention.
		The votes on referendums are always held on a Sunday, typically three or four times a year, and in most cases, the votes concern several referendums at the same time, often at different political levels (federal, cantonal, municipial).
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Referendum (2632 words)

	Encyclopedia: Wales referendum, 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct ass vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal.
		Notwithstanding the defeat of the 1979 referendum, the people of Wales were not yet finished in their bid for a measure of home rule.
		Plaid Cymru, the Party of Wales did not receive a mention, yet by that time political intrigue, mistrust, and outright misrule by what is known as the system of quangos (non-elected government bodies) by 1995, had the effect of catapulting Plaid into second place among the political parties in Wales.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Wales-referendum,-1997 (641 words)

	Wales and Devolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Wales, along with Scotland and Northern Ireland, was promised a devolved assembly by the Labour Party in the lead up to the 1997 election.
		Devolution promised to be a key issue in Wales but the turnout at the post-election referendum in 1997 for whether Wales should have a devolved assembly seemed to indicate that enthusiasm for devolution was lukewarm.
		Wales turned towards the issue of devolution during the era of Thatcher and Major – the Tory years of 1979 to 1997.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /wales_and_devolution.htm (594 words)

	Ireland Information Guide , Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture, How
		Eight referendums have been held so far, the first in 1973, and there are at least two planned for the future.
		Referendums are not legally binding, so legally, the government can ignore the results, so for example even if the result of a pre-legislative referendum was a majority of ‘No' for a proposed law, Parliament could pass it anyway.
		The Labour manifesto for the 1997 general election stated 'We are committed to a referendum on the voting system for the House of Commons.' [1] (http://www.labour-party.org.uk/manifestos/1997/1997-labour-manifesto.shtml) The 2001 manifesto did not make such a promise, and it is very unlikely the referendum will be held in the foreseable future.
	www.irelandinformationguide.com /Referendums_in_the_United_Kingdom (690 words)

	CNN - Wales votes on limited self-government - September 18, 1997
		CARDIFF, Wales (CNN) -- The people of Wales began voting Thursday in a referendum to determine whether they want their first elected assembly in 600 years.
		Wales was annexed to England in 1536 and has not had its own assembly since early in the 15th century.
		His government's top official on Wales' affairs -- Welsh Secretary Ron Davies -- rejects arguments from the Conservative Party that a separate legislature will lead to the breakup of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Scotland and Wales.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/9709/18/welsh.referendum (502 words)

	Wales
		Wales lies west of England and is separated from England by the Cambrian Mountains.
		Wales is generally hilly; the Snowdon range in the northern part culminates in Mount Snowdon (3,560 ft, 1,085 m), Wales's highest peak.
		In the referendum of Sept. 18, 1997, Welsh citizens voted to establish a National Assembly.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0777807.html (639 words)

	Welsh National Referendum 1997
		A map showing the areas of Wales that voted "Yes" closely corresponds to those areas that have retained their sense of Welshness, if not in the language, (as in Gwynedd, Dyfed and Carmarthen) then at least in spirit (as in the valleys of the former South Wales coalfield).
		In 1804 John Evans wrote that "North Wales is becoming English." Nearly two hundred years later, in the weeks leading up to the 1997 referendum it was not surprising to find most of the inhabitants of Flintshire completely indifferent to their fate.
		It was not just political leaders in Wales who felt utter frustration at such feeble efforts of the government on behalf of affairs in their country, at the complete lack of clout of the Welsh MP's, and the deliberate pushing aside of their concerns.
	www.welshdragon.net /resources/Articles/referendum.shtml (4741 words)

	Some facts about Wales from the WalesRails railway survey
		Wales is part of the United Kingdom, though a referendum on September 18 1997 marginally produced a majority (of just 0.6 percent) in favour of the setting-up of a democratically elected Assembly to look after its affairs.
		Most of Wales' population is concentrated in the southern counties, with over a tenth (305,353) of its inhabitants living in Cardiff, the capital of the principality since 1955.
		Throughout Wales, but particularly along the northern fringe, the landscape is dotted with castles clinging to rocky crags, many of Norman construction, or built or strengthened at the behest of Edward I, as a defence against the rebellious Welsh.
	members.aol.com /WalesRails/wales.htm (736 words)

	Wales
		Wales is an 8,000 square mile landmass jutting west from England into the Irish Sea.
		The southern region of Wales is home to the capital, Cardiff, and the northern region has the Brecon Beacons National Park in Breconshire.
		Wales is known for its large historic castles, many built by Edward I in the 13th century to demonstrate the supremacy of the English crown over the Welsh.
	www.ohwy.com /wl (151 words)

	Referenda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		There have been a total of eight referenda but only one, on membership of the EEC in 1973, has been UK-wide; there have been two each on the constitutional future of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and one for London.
		A majority of Northern Irish (57% of the electorate) voted to remain in the United Kingdom.
		Wales voted for a Welsh Assembly - by a whisker
	www.alba.org.uk /referenda (283 words)

	National Assembly for Wales: Subject Index: The Richard Commission
		As you all know, the received wisdom on the 1997 referendum is that it is interpreted generally as suggesting that the people of Wales were very doubtful about devolution.
		PROFESSOR HAZELL: On whether a referendum was needed in the light of the 4 to 1 defeat of the devolution proposals in 1979, at that time in the 1990s I argued that a new referendum was required, for reasons both of principle and of sheer political strategy or tactics.
		The people of Wales in 1979 had indicated by 4 to 1 that they did not want devolution, and it was the same model of executive devolution which Labour was planning to introduce in the 1990s.
	www.richardcommission.gov.uk /content/evidence/oral/rhazel (7971 words)

	CNN.com - World - Election Watch
		If the referendum for the Welsh Assembly is approved, voters will have two votes in the election for the Assembly.
		The last referendum for a Welsh Assembly occurred on March 1, 1979.
		The proposal for the creation of a Welsh Assembly was approved with 559,419 votes (50.3%) in favor of the assembly and 552,698 votes (49.7%) against it.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/election.watch/europe/wales.html (286 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Wales \| Wales Office in melting pot
		The Wales 1997 referendum's razor-thin majority of 50.3% for devolution gave the green light for the transfer of powers from Whitehall.
		The posts would be merged to reflect the downgrading of their jobs and to create room for an additional UK Cabinet post in a government reshuffle.
		Now it is the Wales Office which faces being submerged into another Whitehall department, bringing the loss of 40 years of an independent voice for Wales at UK Cabinet level.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/low/wales/2978760.stm (527 words)

	Federal Union \| second elections in Scotland and Wales
		It may be worth noting that the turn out at the 1997 referendum as well as in the 1999 and 2003 elections was something like 10% less in Wales than in Scotland.
		It is also the case that the result of the 1997 referendum in Wales was far less clear-cut than that for the referendum in Scotland.
		In Wales there is a general, often unspoken feeling that the new institutions ought to develop in the direction of the more devolved Scottish model.
	www.federalunion.org.uk /uk/secondelection.shtml (2746 words)

	GO BRITANNIA! Wales: The Referendum of 1997
		Plaid's success in attracting members and votes meant that Labour, which for son long had taken most of Wales for granted, now had to woo its support, a hitherto almost unheard of occurrence.
		They were particularly excited about the Tory government's humiliating defeat in the bye-election at Islwyn (Kinnock's constituency) when Labour received nearly 78 percent of the total votes cast.
		Dafydd was a bit premature in his hopes, and the results of the elections of 1997 were very close indeed.
	www.britannia.com /wales/whist30.html (702 words)

	Referendums (Scotland and Wales) Act 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In the case of the referendum in Wales, article 5 of, and Forms 1 to 3 in Schedule 2 to, the Representation of the People (Welsh Forms) Order 1989 (which prescribe Welsh versions of questions) shall have effect in relation to rule 35 as applied in this Table, with the following modifications-
		In the case of the referendum in Scotland, a person may apply under this rule for either or both of the two forms of ballot paper.
		(b) in the case of the referendum in Wales substitute "referendum now being held in Wales under section 2(1) of the Referendums (Scotland and Wales) Act 1997".
	www.opsi.gov.uk /acts/acts1997/97061b-d.htm (1089 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Asia-Pacific \| Country profiles \| Timeline: Chechnya
		1997 May - Yeltsin and Maskhadov sign a formal peace treaty, but the issue of Chechen independence is not resolved.
		2003 March - Russians hail Chechen referendum vote in favour of a new constitution stipulating that the republic is part of the Russian Federation.
		Human rights groups, among others, are strongly critical of Russia for pushing ahead with referendum before peace has been established.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/2357267.stm (1402 words)

	Alumni and friends \| Notable alumni \| Peter Hain
		Having played a leading role in the campaign to secure a 'Yes' vote in the 1997 referendum in Wales, the Welsh Secretary remains a passionate advocate of devolution and its impact on the Welsh people.
		The doctrine of separatism is an anathema and redundant in the modern age.
		Yet, in a country as remarkably diverse as Britain, the definition of 'Britishness' and 'British identity' is as mired in controversy as the dichotomy between devolution and nationalism.
	www.sussex.ac.uk /Units/alumni/notable_alumni/interviews/Hain_interview.html (1291 words)

	Electoral Reform Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In September 1997, the Welsh people voted in a referendum to back the setting up of a devolved National Assembly for Wales.
		Wales is divided into five electoral regions, based on the old European electoral constituencies.
		Using the AMS system of voting, Wales will have an Assembly in which all the major parties are represented in roughly the same proportion as their share of the vote.
	www.electoral-reform.org.uk /publications/leaflets/welshassembly.htm (704 words)

	The Electoral Commission : Referendums : Past UK referendums : Wales - 1997
		The Electoral Commission : Referendums : Past UK referendums : Wales - 1997
		Home / Referendums / Past UK referendums / Wales - 1997
		The question asked in the 1997 Wales referendum was:
	www.electoralcommission.org.uk /referendums/wales1997.cfm (53 words)

	British Politics Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Before the 1997 General Election, the Labour Party stated in their manifesto that should they become the party of Government, they would offer the people of Wales the option to set up a Welsh Assembly (properly known now as the National Assembly for Wales).
		After the Labour Party won the 1997 General Election, a White Paper was published in July 1997 setting out the options available.
		A referendum was then held on 18th September 1997 where the people of Wales voted in favour of an Assembly.
	www.ukpolitics.org.uk /cgi/viewnews.cgi?id=1050502338 (199 words)

	Ymgyrchu! - Bibliography and Sources
		Arnold J. James and John E. Thomas, Wales at Westminster: a history of the Parliamentary representation of Wales 1800-1979, Llandysul, 1981.
		Gwynoro Jones, SDP and the Alliance in Wales 1981-1986 - Blynyddoedd cynnar y Democratiaid Cymdeithasol a'r Gynghrair yng Nghymru, 1986.
		Deian Hopkin, 'The rise of Labour in Wales, 1890-1914', Llafur 6/3 (1994), pp.
	www.llgc.org.uk /ymgyrchu/ffynon-e.htm (1967 words)

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