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Topic: Walker Tariff

	Walker, Robert John - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As a Democratic Senator (1836-45) from Mississippi, Walker was an ardent advocate of U.S. expansion and became a leader in the drive to annex Texas.
		Walker was committed to Stephen A. Douglas's popular sovereignty theory, and believed that the majority of Kansans favored admission to the Union as a free state.
		When President Buchanan refused to support Walker's contention that the proslavery Lecompton Constitution (see under Lecompton) was fraudulently adopted and should be put to popular vote, he resigned (Dec., 1857).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-walker-rj.html (473 words)

	Robert J. Walker Summary
		Walker's greatest work was the preparation of the famous Treasury report of December 3, 1845.
		The Walker Tariff of 1846 was based upon the principles of this paper and was in fact largely the secretary's own work.
		Walker at first opposed the Compromise of 1850, but was won over later by the arguments of Stephen A. Douglas.
	www.bookrags.com /Robert_J._Walker (1071 words)

	the development of core capitalism in the U.S.
		Tariff politics are one reflection the class forces that were contending for state power in the antebellum period.
		Tariffs on coarse woolen and cotton textiles came to be opposed by the Southern planters who were purchasing these commodities to clothe their slaves.
		The principle of protection was abandoned and henceforth tariff advocates had to couch their proposals in terms of "incidental protection." But the bill specified that tariff rates were to be lowered slowly until 1842, when they were to be drastically reduced to an average of 20% ad valorem.
	www.irows.ucr.edu /cd/papers/ustariffpol.htm (13655 words)

	1816-1860: The Second American Party System and the Tariff
		The marked upward revision of the tariff rates enacted by the Tariff of 1828, dubbed the Tariff of Abominations by its southern opponents, formed the basis for the nullification crisis.
		The party platform endorsed revenue tariffs designed to generate significant funds, part of which were to be distributed to the states to pay for internal improvements (roads and canals), another component of the American System.
		Robert Walker, a Mississippian and Secretary of the Treasury for the Democratic Polk administration, convinced Congress to pass the Walker Tariff.
	www.tax.org /Museum/1816-1860.htm (2719 words)

	1866-1900: Reconstruction to the Spanish-American War
		In the latter half of the 19th century, tariff revenue and excise taxes underwrote the Republican regime’s state-building endeavors, funding such federally supported programs as southern reconstruction, western pacification, social insurance for Civil War veterans and their families, and internal improvements.
		The call for tariff reform had come from Democrats, commercial and industrial groups, western agriculturists, and nonpartisan reformers alike who believed the time was ripe for revision.
		The tariff of 1897 enjoyed the most extended tenure of any general tariff act in U.S. history (the Walker Tariff of 1846 was second).
	www.tax.org /Museum/1866-1900.htm (5952 words)

	James K. Polk
		The Walker Tariff of 1846, which was named for Secretary of the Treasury Robert J. Walker, provided for a substantial reduction of import duties.
		The act of 1842 had violated the principles of the compromise bill of 1833, and the opinions of the two candidates for the presidency, on this issue, were supposed to be well defined previous to the termination of their congressional career.
		Walker, was introduced in the house of representatives on 15 June.
	www.jameskpolk.org (6241 words)

	aphistoryfghs: I couldn't find information on Fiscal Ba
		It reversed the effects of the Compromise Tariff of 1833 and raised the tax rates to the moderately protective level of 32 percent, as it was in 1832.
		The Tariff of 1832 was repealed in 1846 and was replaced by the Walker Tariff.
		It was passed along with a series of financial reforms proposed by Walker including the Warehousing Act of 1846.The Walker Tariff remained in effect until the Tariff of 1857, which reduced rates further.
	community.livejournal.com /aphistoryfghs/26237.html (1929 words)

	William Walker - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Walker, William (1824-60), American adventurer, born in Nashville, Tennessee, and educated at the University of Nashville.
		Dallas, George Mifflin (1792-1864), 11th vice president of the United States, born in Philadelphia.
		In 1856 and 1857 Salvadoran troops joined other Central American forces to drive a U.S. adventurer, William Walker, out of Nicaragua, where he had...
	encarta.msn.com /William_Walker.html (104 words)

	Tariff of 1846 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Robert J. Walker, formerly a Democratic senator from Mississippi, was named by James K. Polk to serve as secretary of the treasury.
		Walker induced Congress to enact a new tariff measure in 1846, bringing about a moderate lowering of many rates.
		The Tariff of 1846 was a departure from the previous measure sponsored by the Tyler conservatives in 1842.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h968.html (351 words)

	Robert Toombs - LoveToKnow 1911
		He was admitted to the bar in 1830, and served in the Georgia House of Representatives (1838,1840-1841and 1843-1844), in the Federal House of Representatives (1845-1853), and in the United States Senate (1853-1861).
		He opposed the annexation of Texas, the Mexican War, President Polk's Oregon policy, and the Walker Tariff of 1846.
		In common with Alexander H. Stephens and Howell Cobb, he supported the Compromise Measures of 1850,1850, denounced the Nashville Convention, opposed the secessionists in Georgia, and helped to frame the famous Georgia platform (1850).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Robert_Toombs (368 words)

	Tariff Table (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		First protective tariff; Clay and Calhoun supported as part of American System; Southern cotton growers opposed; (Madison administration).
		Tariffs are taxes placed on foreign goods by federal governments.
		In 1828 a new revision of the tariff was made in favor of protection.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h963.html (569 words)

	Robert J. Walker - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Robert John Walker (July 23, 1801 – November 11, 1869) was an American economist and statesman.
		He became politically prominent during the nullification crisis, and from 1836 to 1845 he sat in the United States Senate as a Unionist Democrat.
		He supported the Union cause during the American Civil War and in 1863 and 1864, as financial agent of the United States, did much to create confidence in Europe in the financial resources of the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Robert_J._Walker (672 words)

	SparkNotes: The Pre-Civil War Era (1815–1850): Key People & Terms
		Shortly after Congress passed the tariff, Calhoun wrote an anonymous essay entitled “South Carolina Exposition and Protest” that urged southern legislators to declare the tax null and void in their states.
		A tariff, passed under the leadership of Henry Clay, that was designed to protect American manufacturing (prior tariffs had had the sole purpose of raising revenue).
		A nickname for the Tariff of 1828 that reflected southerners’ enormous objections to the tariff.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/american/precivilwar/terms.html (4794 words)

	[No title]
		Thomas Barlow Walker (1840-1928) was born at Xenia, Ohio, to Platt Bayless Walker (1808-1849) and Anstis Keziah Barlow Walker (1814-1883).
		Walker was also a trustee of the Hennepin Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church (Minneapolis), a member of the Executive Committee of the Methodist Episcopal General Conference (Minneapolis), and a president of the Minneapolis Methodist Church Extension Society.
		Walker claimed that there was money due him from the partnership, asked to have the amount determined, and asked the court to order a sale of partnership lands to satisfy the amount that should be found due.
	www.mnhs.org /library/findaids/00093.xml (9944 words)

	James K. Polk
		Shortly after his inauguration, President Polk told his secretary of the navy, George Bancroft, that the four objectives of his administration would be the reduction of tariffs, the reestablishment of an independent treasury, the settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute with Britain, and the acquisition of California from Mexico.
		The Democratic Party was traditionally opposed to the protective tariff that benefited manufacturers at the expense of Southern cotton planters, who imported most of their tools and supplies.
		Walker of Mississippi, drew up a new tariff schedule for revenue only, with “protection incident but not the object.” Minimum duties were placed on essential items, with higher rates on luxuries.
	www.knowsouthernhistory.net /Biographies/James_Polk (3393 words)

	Hawkshead award winning Bed & Breakfast accomodation at Walker Ground Manor
		Set in it’s own grounds on the edge of the picturesque village of Hawkshead, Walker Ground Manor is truly somewhere special.
		Full of charm and character, all our rooms are individually furnished and decorated, and offer a high standard of accommodation with a relaxed and friendly atmosphere.
		Walker Ground Manor is proud to be an associate member of the Partnership, and we encourage all our guests to make a small contribution to the fund.
	www.walkerground.co.uk /index.html (306 words)

	Unit Five: 1840-1877
		Walker Tariff, 1846: The Walker tariff was created by Robert J. Walker, Polk’s secretary of the treasury, in 1846.
		Republican Party of 1860: In order to lure votes from Northern states to their party, an economic system based on protective tariffs, federal aid for internal improvements and the distributing of 160-acre homesteads to settlers in order, was organized in favor of the Northerners.
		Republican legislation passed in Congress after Southerners left: banking, tariff, homestead, railroad: After the South seceded, northerners in Congress enacted legislation such as the Pacific Railroad Act authorizing a transcontinental railroad and the Homestead Act granting free land in the west.
	www.course-notes.org /unitnotes/unit5.htm (10729 words)

	AllRefer.com - Robert John Walker (U.S. History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Robert John Walker 1801–69, American public official, b.
		As a Democratic Senator (1836–45) from Mississippi, Walker was an ardent advocate of U.S. expansion and became a leader in the drive to annex Texas.
		James K. Polk made him Secretary of the Treasury (1845–49), and he had an influential voice in government policies.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/W/Walker-RJ.html (333 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Polk James Knox - AOL Research & Learn
		Renouncing a second term for himself, he required the members of his cabinet, which included James Buchanan, Robert J. Walker, William L. Marcy, and Bancroft, to devote all their energies to their offices, not to campaigning to succeed him.
		Polk announced that his administration would achieve four great measures: reduction of the tariff; reestablishment of the independent treasury; settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute; and the acquisition of California.
		The Walker Tariff, one of the lowest in U.S. history, was enacted in 1846, as was the bill restoring the Independent Treasury System.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/polk-james-knox/20051207014209990017 (512 words)

	us-events
		Tariff Act restores 10 percent reduction of 1872.
		The Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act is signed by President Taft in keeping with his campaign promise to reduce tariffs.
		The Reciprocal Trade Agreement Amendment to the Smoot-Hawley Tariff is passed by Congress, reducing tariffs by up to 50 percent.
	www.duke.edu /~charvey/Country_risk/chronology/us-events.htm (5963 words)

	Secretary of the Treasury - Robert J. Walker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The new lower tariff had a positive effect, resulting in an increase in trade and a coincidental increase in revenue for the government.
		Domestically Walker was an expansionist and was largely responsible for the establishment of the Department of the Interior in 1849.
		His portrait of Robert J. Walker painted in 1879, ten years after the subject's death, was probably based on a photograph.
	www.treas.gov /offices/management/curator/collection/secretary/walker.htm (309 words)

	War between the States - The Prologue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		They were, first, a reduction of the tariff, ; second, the establishment of an independent treasury system to regulate the national finances; third, the peaceful settlement of the Oregon question and fourth, the acquisition of California.
		The Democrats carried what was called the Walker Tariff, after Robert J. Walker, the Secretary of the Treasury; a measure fixing duties at a very low level.
		When this was done, after a severe struggle, Polk rejoiced: "The capitalists and monopolists", he wrote in his diary, "have not surrendered the immense advantages which they possessed, and the enormous profits which the derived under the tariff of 1842, until after a fierce and mighty struggle.
	www.electricscotland.com /HISTORY/america/civilwar/cw6.htm (1050 words)

	Proceeding in Congress on Bill which became National Park Protective Act of 1894-p. 11
		Such was the case as far back as the consideration of the so-called Walker tariff law in 1846, as the debates in Congress at that time clearly show.
		The tariff revision of 1883, where duties were reduced, also excited much attention and created great interest throughout the country, as was also the case with the tariff law of 1890, or the so-called McKinley bill.
		In the enactment of the law of 1890 the farmers of the West for the first time in the history of tariff legislation received that to which they were entitled.
	www.yellowstone-online.com /history/lacey/lacey11.html (992 words)

	SSRN-The Antebellum Tariff on Cotton Textiles Revisited by Douglas Irwin, Peter Temin
		We reaffirm Taussig's judgment that the U.S. cotton textile industry was largely independent of the tariff by the 1830s.
		The Walker tariff of 1846, for example, reduced the duties on cotton textiles from nearly 70 percent to 25 percent and imports soared as a result, but there was little change in domestic production.
		Irwin, Douglas A. and Temin, Peter, "The Antebellum Tariff on Cotton Textiles Revisited" (August 2000).
	papers.ssrn.com /soL3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=238004 (432 words)

	Tariffs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Hawley Smoot Tariff of 1930 by the U.S. Congress
		It brought the U.S. tariff to its highest point in history
		The retaliatory tariffs of foreign nations caused a sharp decline in U.S. foreign trade
	members.aol.com /riptor273/apush/tariffs.htm (157 words)

	EefyWiki - 05b: Our Manifest Destiny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Polk's instrument was the "Walker Tariff," based not on an imported product's value, but rather, imposed equally on all goods.
		Even the Northerners who supported the existing tariff system they had to acknowledge that the Walker Tariff actually worked exactly as designed.
		In fact, the Walker Tariff also gave the US Treasury more than enough money to pursue Polk's expansionist foreign policy.
	eefy.editme.com /L05b (946 words)

	Vermont Civil War
		He was one of the few Republicans to vote against the low tariff bill of 1857.
		He earnestly opposed the admission of fexas and the Mexican war, whose purpose he declared to be simply to obtain more territory for slavery, and denounced the measures of the Polk administration almost uniformly, and especially its construction of the Oregon boundary question.
		He opposed the scheme for the acquisition of Cuba, justified the action of Commodore Paulding in the arrest of William Walker whose filibustering expedition to South America he recognized as a scheme of the slavery extensionists.
	vermontcivilwar.org /state/bios.php?input=2218 (998 words)

	Chapter 17
		Tyler signed the Tariff of 1842 which was a protective Whig tariff.
		Robert J. Walker- Secretary of Treasury to James Polk; devised the Walker Tariff of 1846, a tariff-for-revenue bill that reduced the rates of the Tariff of 1842 from 32% to 25%.
		The second goal of Polk was to restore the independent treasury, which the Whigs dropped in 1841 because the Whigs won the presidency.
	www.apnotes.net /notes/ch17.html (1045 words)

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