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Topic: Walled City of Lahore

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	Lahore - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Lahore (Urdu: لاہور) is a major city of Pakistan and is the capital of the province of Punjab.
		Lahore is largely thought of as the cultural centre of Pakistan ever since its accession by the Mughal Empire since the 16th century CE This is apparent by the vast array of historic buildings, architecture from pre-Mughal, Mughal and British periods, and cultural events held throughout the year.
		The Southern side of Hazuri Bagh is bounded by the wall of the Walled City, with the Roshnai Gate serving as an entrance.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Lahore (3702 words)

	Lahore - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lahore (Urdu: لاہور) is the second largest city of Pakistan and is the capital of the province of Punjab.
		During Akbar's rule, Lahore was the capital of the empire from 1584 to 1598.
		Lahore city is bounded on the north and west by the Sheikhupura District, on the east by India and on the south Kasur District.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lahore (3156 words)

	Walled City of Lahore - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Walled City of Lahore, also known as the Old City, or Anderoon Shehr (اندرون شهر), is the section of Lahore, Pakistan that was fortified by a city wall during the Mughal era.
		Opposite is the historic Lahore Fort which houses the famous Sheesh Mahal, or Palace of Mirrors.
		Walled City, with the Roshnai Gate serving as an entrance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Walled_City_of_Lahore (803 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Lahore
		Lahore is largely thought of as the cultural centre of Pakistan ever since its accession by the Mughal Empire since the 16th century CE.
		The city of Lahore is located at latitude 31 ° 35´ N and longitude 74° 13´ E. The city occupies an area of over 2000 km² and is expanding.
		Lahore is also identufied with Sanghala, mentioned by Arrian and Curtius, the classical writers, as the stronghold of the Kathaean or Khatri tribe.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Lahore (1009 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Like most old walled cities Lahore has outgrown her original fortified boundaries, and the overflow of people, business, factories and industries has spilled through the gates of the city onto the plains beyond.
		Lahore was the earliest centre for the growth of the Sikh religion and later became the capital of the Sikh Kingdom of Maharaja Rangit Singh who is entombed in Lahore.
		Lahore came under the British control in 1853 and during their rule many great institutions and monuments were added to this culturally dense city.
	personal.denison.edu /~rahman_s (559 words)

	Conservation of the Urban Fabric of the Walled City of Lahore, Pakistan
		The city was regularly marred by invasion, pillage, and destruction (due to its lack of geographical defenses and general overexposure) until 1525 when it was sacked and then settled by the Mogul emperor Babur.
		Much of the walled fortification of the city was destroyed following the British annexation of the region in 1849, as both a defensive measure to allow the colonists to better control the populous, and as a commercial enterprise in resale of the brick for new projects.
		The Lahore Development Authority's Conservation Plan for the Walled City of Lahore is a series of recommendations concerning the physical decay of historic structures in the city, the "visual clutter" of newer structures and infrastructure, and the encroachment of various unregulated elements on the city's fabric.
	web.mit.edu /akpia/www/AKPsite/4.239/lahore/lahore.html (3135 words)

	The Lahore City. (Courtesy Iqbalians.com)
		Lahore (لاةور) is a major city in Pakistan and is the capital of the province of Punjab.
		Lahore was a suba- a province of the Empire.
		Lahore ended up being ruled by a triumvirate of Sikhs of loose character and the population of the city invited Ranjit Singh to invade.
	www.iqbalians.com /lahore/lahore.asp (611 words)

	Lahore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Lahore (لاہور) is a city in Pakistan capital of the province of Punjab.
		Lahore has 6.5 million inhabitants thus is the second largest city in (Karachi being the largest).
		The Southern side of Hazuri Bagh is bounded by the wall of Walled City with the Roshnai Gate serving as entrance.
	www.freeglossary.com /Lahore (669 words)

	Gardens of the Mughal Empire - The Fortress Gardens of Lahore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		If the walled city was the social and economic center of Lahore the fort was its dynastic and political center.
		The walled city was the social center of Lahore and the center of its regional culture, but the fort was the political center of Lahore and at least at times the center of its imperial Mughal culture.
		The low walls that surround the Shish Mahal quadrangle today are not original, and their relationship with the courtyard to the east is ambiguous.
	www.mughalgardens.org /html/fortress_gardens.html (834 words)

	Gardens of the Mughal Empire - Gardens of the Walled City of Lahore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		When Akbar rebuilt the walls of the city in the sixteenth century, it is likely that he extended them to include areas less densely settled in the eastern part of the city (Lahore Development Authority, 1982; Dar, 1993; Quraeshi, 1988).
		Following the processional approach, it is useful to begin at a spot just outside the city walls, near the Delhi gate, and to move in towards the center of the Mughal city.
		Kamran probably built his earliest gardens in the Naulakha area, just east of the walled city; the area was later extensively developed by Asaf Khan and expanded by Dara Shikoh, from whom a part of it acquired the name Mohalla Dara Shikoh (Parihar, 1984).
	www.mughalgardens.org /html/walled_city.html (614 words)

	Light Within: The Lahore Fort (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Lahore Fort, locally known as Shahi Qila, is located in the northwestern corner of Lahore's Walled City.
		It is generally believed that present Lahore Fort is the same fort, which was damaged by the Mongols in 1241 and again in 1398 by a detachment of Timur's army, then rebuilt in 1421 by Sayyid, son of Khizr Khan.
		Minar-e-Pakistan, 60 meters tall and a relatively new landmark in Lahore is on the one side of the Fort and the Badshahi (Imperial) Mosque and deMontmorency – oldest Dental Collage in Pakistan -- are across the courtyard from Alamgir Gate of the Fort.
	sajshirazi.blogspot.com /2005/11/lahore-fort.html (1206 words)

	Lahori Basant Festival : Basant Kites : Colors And Joy
		Lahore, which was once renowned for its fashion and style, is beginning to recover its lost glory as the cultural capital of Punjab.
		Individuals living inside the walled city are proud of their history and the famous artist [National School of Arts] Iqbal Hussain renovated his Haveli near the Badshahi mosque by converting his studio into an exotic "Cuckoo's Cafe" where you can sample the inner city's specialty foods.
		The night of fierce dogfights between master kite fliers is meticulously arranged only in the Walled city of Lahore.
	www.muskurahat.com /basant/about_basant.asp (681 words)

	Islamic architecture - tScholars.com
		Many cities such as Baghdad, for example, were based on precedents such as Firouzabad in Persia.
		The walls are decorated with stylize foliage motifs, Arabic inscriptions, and arabesque design work, with walls covered in glazed tiles.
		The most famous example of Mughal architecture is the Taj Mahal, the "teardrop on eternity," completed in 1648 by the emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal who died while giving birth to their 14th child.
	www.tscholars.com /encyclopedia/Islamic_architecture (1246 words)

	Lahore Walled City Scene 1858 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		ew cities have undegone the vicissitudes to which the capital of the Punjab has been subjected.
		It is on the high road from Central Asia to the rich plains of India, which have been the desire of every Moslem conqueror, and has seen the tide of conquest sweep backwards and forwards for ages, never itself, but for a brief period, a sovereign city.
		ut its present aspect was given to it during the sovereignity of Runjeet Singh, who built the walls and ditch (about four miles round), together with the fortified palace; and here he and his sirdars spent the intervals between their campaigns in the grossest debauchery.
	www.harappa.com /engr/lahore2.html (172 words)

	Lahore and its indigo history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		When you enter Lahore's walled city through Lohari Gate, probably the oldest 'darwaza' after the now demolished Taxali Gate, the road runs for about 400 yards and enters an opening known once as Chowk Chakla, the original red-light district of the city.
		The city of Nimes is even today known as the textile centre of France.
		The names of streets in the walled city are now merely remembered by the older people.
	www.mahapunjab.org /articles/2005/05sheikh.html (1262 words)

	Urban: The Urban Age Magazine: Cultural Heritage Issue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		There is an old Pakistani saying: "A person who has not seen Lahore is not born." Pakistanis do indeed consider the Old Walled City of Lahore to be the historic and cultural heart of their country.
		The flourishing of these traditions is enhanced by the character of the Walled City, its individual buildings, bazaars and the spaces within its narrow winding streets.
		Because of the Walled City's historical and cultural associations, as well as its commercial importance, political leaders are very interested in addressing its social, physical and economic problems.
	www.worldbank.org /html/fpd/urban/urb_age/culture/lahore.html (1414 words)

	Walled City
		The city is located over mild slopes formed by its own debris shed during the course of centuries.
		The river in former times flowed by the city walls, and the ferry was near this spot.
		It is said that when Malik Ayaz rebuilt the town, in the time of Mahmud, the quarter of the city first populated was about this gate, which, together with the Lahori Mandi, or the Lahore market, was named after the city.
	www.pak.lahore.4t.com /walled_city.htm (687 words)

	Lahore Diaries V: Twilight in Lahore: Ideas & Identities of India Pakistan
		This was the painter Amrita Sher-Gill’s and the poet Iqbal’s city and one of the greatest university towns of the country.
		It was the poet Faiz’s city, the city of the divas Noor Jehan and Malika Pukhraj.
		The city is often referred to as haunted and haunting in reports of the decline of the publishing industry, theatre and cinema.
	www.chowk.com /show_article.cgi?aid=00000742&channel=gulberg (3897 words)

	Samia Rab: Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Lahore Development Authority (LDA), with aid from international donor agencies, initiated the "redevelopment," "upgrading," and "conservation" policies during the critical phases in the city's urban development.
		Although the Conservation Plan regarded the walled city as a "city within a city," it proposes the integration of the city's older and modern development.
		Perhaps this is because the professionals and/or the decision-makers in the city authority are conditioned to think that the center of the city is its most important place.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~srab/research/lahore.html (506 words)

	A Day In The Life… (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Here the past is chronicled in endless labyrinthine lanes, lodged in each brick of an awesome architectural heritage, and springs to life in the daily son et lumiere that makes up existence within its confines.
		One by one, the denizens of the city begin their day: milkmen venture forth on their delivery route; tea shops and nashtaghars announce with the clanging of shutters being pulled up, the start of business; street cleaners launch another pitched battle against mountains of refuse; urchins ready for a new day on the streets.
		Since 'the number of people' inhabiting the Walled City has swelled from 20,000 in Manrique's time to almost 300,000 today, movement within is proportionately more arduous, and kitchens selling meat abound.
	www.newsline.com.pk /Newsdec2003/lifedec2003.htm (895 words)

	The Art Newspaper -- News
		The Lahore Fort and the Shalimar Gardens are among the most important examples of Mughal architecture in the subcontinent, and were jointly registered on the Unesco World Heritage list in 1981.
		The funds will go towards a range of improvements on the cultural and structural fabric of the walled city, which, along with the fort and mosque, is envisioned as one of Pakistan’s biggest tourist attractions.
		In May last year, the city government issued demolition orders for 1,541 buildings within the walled city, saying that many were in danger of collapse.
	www.theartnewspaper.com /article01.asp?id=197 (780 words)

	The Lions Club of Lahore Liberty
		The Fort, Mausoleum of Emperor Jehangir, the Shalimar garden and Badshahi Mosque are among the splendid remains of the Mughal period.
		Lahore Liberty Lions Club (Wazir Begum) T.B Ward at Gulab Devi Hospital was built by the members of this Club in 1976-1977.
		Syed Ali Hajvari a renowned Sufi Muslim came to Lahore from Central Asia centuries ago and settled on the left bank of river Ravi outside the walled city of Lahore.
	www.lionsliberty.faithweb.com (3012 words)

	The dancing girls of Lahore
		The name means Diamond Market, but long before the British arrived in the mid-19th century it was already well established as a pleasure center, a place for Pakistani men to stray from their arranged marriages and spend time with beautiful women schooled in the arts of song, dance and seduction.
		"The Dancing Girls of Lahore" is her report, both chilling and heart-warming, on a neighborhood where all the rules seem to be changing except the ones that keep Pakistani women in a state of abject servitude.
		She spends nearly as much time describing the street foods of Lahore and the excitement of religious festivals as she does analyzing the grim economics of the sex trade.
	www.igreens.org.uk /dancing_girls_of_lahore.htm (908 words)

	Pakistan: Lahore Fort - photos of buildings in Lahore on Worldisround
		The Lahore Fort, locally referred to as Shahi Qila (شاهى قلعه) is the citadel of the city of Lahore, in modern day Pakistan.
		It is located in the northwestern corner of Lahore's Walled City.
		Lahore fort is probably the one most prominant landmark of Lahore and high light of the tour of Lahore.
	www.worldisround.com /articles/104804/index.html (364 words)

	Dreams and Despair (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The narrow alleys of Lahore’s walled city was once the traditional playground of the scions of Punjab’s powerful feudal families.
		Lured by the sound of the ghungroos, the haunting love-songs and the legendary beauties behind the trellised curtained balconies of Heera Mandi, there were manyho left their hearts at the feet of the dancing girls of Lahore.
		It is an intimate, rivetting and poignant study that vividly captures the essence and soul of Lahore’s walled city.
	www.newsline.com.pk /NewsNov2005/booknov2005.htm (794 words)

	King Edward Medical University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Most of the patients from in-door out-door departments of Mayo Hospital and from the old walled city of Lahore reporting to this Centre for various nuclear medicine studies/scans belong to poor socio-economic status.
		CENUM is collaborating with the Paediatric Preventive Medicine Department of The Children Hospital, Lahore to root out the genetic factors causing hypothyroidism in children.
		CENUM is collaborating with the Department of Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore on the research topic of “Comparison of dose received by radiation workers using sealed and unsealed radiation sources.”
	www.kemc.edu /cenum.html (871 words)

	Lahore Travel Tips - Lahore Travel Guide - VirtualTourist.com
		Lahore was always an important city from hudreds and thousands of years.
		In the past, there use to be 12 entrances to the walled city of Lahore.
		Walking inside old Lahore is always nice, though its an unorganised messy area of Lahore but to see the old tall houses of 6 or 7 storey buildings and to see their architecture is worth visiting !
	www.virtualtourist.com /travel/Asia/Pakistan/Punjab/Lahore-1310056/General_Tips-Lahore-R-2.html (842 words)

	SOAS: The Brunei Gallery: Previous Exhibitions: Pakistan: Another Vision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This mural sized painting depicts the scene in the old city with the sky literally plastered with highly decorated paper kites.
		Ghulam Mustafa's work is all based on the old walled city of Lahore, its architecture, its people and its customs.
		Though traditional in style, the work remains acutely aware of the tensions in modern city life.
	www.soas.ac.uk /gallery/AnotherVision/img1.html (86 words)

	Mughal-era chambers discovered in old Lahore
		Underground chambers from the Mughal period have been discovered in Lahore's walled city while digging for the basement of a plaza at Sheranwala Gate.
		"Two rows of chambers with thick walls making a narrow passage, possibly to the fort's chambers have been discovered," the department's senior architecture Maqsood Ahmad told Dawn.
		He said the plaster and niche were in good condition.
	news.webindia123.com /news/Articles/Asia/20060520/339649.html (166 words)

	Walled Gardens And Courtyards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Lutyens house overlooks walled gardens and courtyards and north towards the...
		Guests are encouraged to wander through the walled gardens, past the gazebo and...
		This website is an independent publication and has not been authorized, sponsored or otherwise approved or affiliated by or with any of the companies or entities identified on this website.
	www.first-in-trellises.com /5/Walled-Gardens-And-Courtyards.html (690 words)

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