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Topic: Town walls

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Walled cities
		Generally, these are referred to as city walls or town walls, although there were also walls, such as the Great Wall of China and the Atlantic Wall, which extended far beyond the borders of a city and were used to enclose vast regions.
		City walls were still occasionally used as late as the 19th century, although by this time they were generally of wood (rather than stone) construction and used only around small frontier settlements.
		The practice of building these massive walls, though having its origins in prehistory, was refined during the rise of city-states, and energetic wall-building continued into the medieval period and beyond in certain parts of Europe.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Walled-cities (801 words)

	Bastides or Planned Towns
		Conwy's circuit of town walls (above right) is a particularly fine example of this approach, surviving complete for over three-quarters of a mile with 21 towers and three original gateways.
		Elsewhere, as at Flint, the constable of the castle often served as the mayor of the town.
		Restrictions against the Welsh varied in severity from town to town, but these unequal privileges caused tensions and frustrations that culminated in the Glyn Dwr revolt, a remarkable national uprising during the early years of the 15th century.
	www.castlewales.com /bastide.html (947 words)

	Researching the History of Town Walls in Britain and Ireland
		Castles, Town Defences and Artillery Fortifications in Britain [and Ireland]: a bibliography.
		Walled Towns Friendship Circle includes many of the towns which retain their walls in the UK and Ireland, though the information supplied is limited.
		Town walls appear on early bird's-eye views, while town gates and towers were quite popular subjects for 18th and 19th-century artists.
	www.building-history.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /Buildings/Townwalls.htm (547 words)

	Conwy Castle - Great Castles of Wales
		The walled town of Conwy with its castle is on the main coast road (A55) from Chester to Holyhead.
		Taken toghether the castle and the town walls of Conwy, planned as a single unit, are the most impressive of all the fortresses raised by King Edward I to subdue Wales.
		Nearest the town, the castle's own outer ward housed the garrison then, doubly defended by town wall and outer ward, came the king's private apartments in the castle's inner ward, its tower still crowned by turrets for the royal standards.
	www.greatcastlesofwales.co.uk /conwy.htm (434 words)

	Walled Towns Friendship Circle
		Town of Pag is located on the island of Pag and towards the census in 1991 it has a population of 2,415 people.
		The walls of the town of Pag (the existing and in ruins) are the component part of the registers monument of culture (the town-planning integrity of town of Pag from the 21
		Although, town of Pag is "The youth" among Dalmation towns, it tis necessary to give back the dignity and to renew the town walls.
	www.walledtowns.com /wtfc/towninfo/croatia/pag.html (909 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Southampton Town Walls and Castle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Southampton had no stone in the local area that was suitable for building the town walls, and so all the limestone needed was brought over from Bembridge and Quarr on the Isle of Wight.
		The main entrance to the walled town of Southampton was through the Bargate at the northern end of the town.
		Town Quay, built in 1411, was equipped with a crane, and, like the Bargate, the Watergate had a charge on all imports and exports.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A337141 (3137 words)

	Wales At Heart
		At the end of the first building phase, the north wall of the castle had no wall, and was instead defended by the town walls and a wide rock cut ditch.
		The town walls and castle were repaired, and the north wall of the castle was finally added, including the King's Gate.
		The town walls were entirely surrounded by water filled moats, and the Rivers Cadnant and Seiont, and of course, the Menai Strait.
	www.walesatheart.com /wahcastles/caernarfon.htm (821 words)

	BUSYBUS. Conwy sightseeing Bus Tours from Chester.
		The walls are 1400 yards in length and are flanked by twenty-one towers and three double tower gateways, a constant reminder of the mighty castle looming in the distance.
		Castle and town walls were all built in a frenzied period of activity between 1283-87, a tremendous achievement in which up to 1,500 craftsmen and labourers were involved during peak periods.
		At the far end of the ward is the castle wall, and beyond this a further drawbridge protected the entrance to the inner ward.
	www.busybus.co.uk /conwy.htm (962 words)

	Youghal Urban District Council - Heritage Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Youghal is an historic walled seaport that occupies a commanding position at the estuary of the river Blackwater and as such has a long and fascinating history.
		The tower was used as the town gaol until the mid 19th century and prisoners were executed by hanging from the windows.
		The first record of the town walls is a charter of 1275, granted by King Edward I, for their repair and extension.
	www.youghal.ie /heritage.html (870 words)

	Strzelce Opolskie :: Town walls
		Town Walls were built from the Kraków gate to bell tower (near the parish church) and further along the present walls surrounding the church, through the farm garden to the Opole gate; from the Corpus Christi Churchyard to the castle.
		The town was surrounded by lakes and marshes from the south and west, therefore deep moat was not necessary.
		Town walls were opened in the years 1816-25, due to development of the road Wroc³aw - Opole - Strzelce - Bytom.
	www.strzelceopolskie.pl /?aid=219 (292 words)

	The Ypres Tower and Town Walls
		In 1339 the French attacked the town, and burnt 52 houses and a mill.
		In 1381, the town was granted a charter to build a stone wall, although this was not completed until several years later.
		It is more likely that it was built at the same time as the town wall and gates, during the reign of Edward III or Richard II in the late 14th century.
	www.ryemuseum.co.uk /ypres.htm (333 words)

	Slovenia - Official Travel Guide \ Architectural Heritage \ Town wall \| (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A part of the walls, which surrounded the oldest part of the town near the cape (the first town walls), had not changed over the centuries; it only needed to be thoroughly renovated on several occasions.
		The town walls were eventually completed between the years 1470 and 1534 and had eight crenellated towers with battlements.
		The Piran town walls were built gradually, the largest one in the time when the way of waging battles was changing dramatically, due to the use of gunpowder, which required new ways of defence.
	www.slovenia-tourism.si /?arhitekturne_znamenitosti=5657 (629 words)

	The Town Walls
		The town walls of Dover encircled the old town centre, and extended across the valley from cliff to cliff to protect from sea-borne invasion.
		This gate was built in 1370 when the recession of the sea and development of the town outside the wall, along Snargate Street, made it desirable to extend the wall in that direction.
		From Biggin Gate the wall ran along the northern boundary of St Mary’s Churchyard to a tower (IX) where it made a right angle turn running towards Stembrook, where there was another Tower (X) known as Tinker’s Tower.
	www.dover-kent.co.uk /history/town_walls.htm (479 words)

	THE MIDDLE AGES: THE FORTIFICATION OF THE CASTLE WALLS AND GATES
		Additionally, unlike the towers of the town wall which where in the shape of a semicircle, the towers of both castle walls were completely closed off in a full circle.
		Like the town gatehouses, they were the weakest points in their respective walls so they were built with security in mind.
		Also similar to the town gatehouses, murder holes were created in the floor of this room.
	library.thinkquest.org /10949/fief/medcastlegate.html (848 words)

	Korcula Town Walls and Towers: Korcula INFO Croatia
		TOWN WALLS AND TOWERS - The whole of the Korcula Old Town is surrounded by 14th century thick stone walls and towers, used at the time as a defense against passing-by enemies.
		On the North end of the Old Town is tower called Barbarigo, built in 1488 as well as Tiepolo tower, built on the end of 15th century.
		There are two main entrances in the Old Town: South side entrance called Land Gate (Kopnena Vrata) from 1650's, that leads trough tower Revelin, a monumental tower of a quadrangular ground-plan (1493-1496) into the Old Town.
	www.korculainfo.com /arhitecture/korcula-town-walls-and-towers.html (224 words)

	Town Walls :: Clonmel.ie - Community Online
		The town walls were built in the 14th Century under Otho de Grandison, the High Sheriff and first Lord of the Mayor of Clonmel.
		The walls enclosed a square roughly 320m N-S by 412m E-W, bounded on the south by the River Suir.
		Another new wall parallel to the main one joined these to form a dead end, and O' Neill's men successfully attacked the besiegers from the top of the wall.
	www.clonmel.ie /x/119 (294 words)

	City Walls, Newcastle upon Tyne - Free Pictures - FreeFoto.Com
		The Town Walls Alongside Black Friars are the old town walls of Newcastle.
		The walls were two miles in length and encompassed the whole of the medieval town but they did not form a complete circle as they started and finished on the banks of the River Tyne.
		The finished structure was regarded as one of the finest town walls in Europe and was between 14 and 25ft high and 7 - 10ft thick.
	www.freefoto.com /browse.jsp?id=1043-32-0 (320 words)

	BeenThere-DoneThat: The town walls, Conwy, Caernarfonshire (Gwynedd), North Wales.
		The walkable parts of the town wall are divided into two sections the first, and shortest, of which can be seen running alongside the car park below.
		This is the highest point on the wall which gives a good view back the way we came showing the relatively steep slope of the wall walk and the castle and river in the distance.
		Across the other side of the town, immediately in front of the wooded hills, some of the town walls can be seen including three of the towers.
	www.beenthere-donethat.org.uk /conwywalls.html (342 words)

	The walls of Jericho (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		At the crest of the embankment was a similar mudbrick wall whose base was roughly 14 meters (46 feet) above the ground level outside the retaining wall (see diagram).
		Within the upper wall was an area of approximately six acres, while the total area of the upper city and fortification system was 50% larger, or about nine acres.
		Walls and floors were flened or reddened by fire, and every room was filled with fallen bricks, timbers, and household utensils; in most rooms the fallen debris was heavily burnt, but the collapse of the walls of the eastern rooms seems to have taken place before they were affected by the fire.’
	www.answersingenesis.org /home/area/magazines/docs/v21n2_jericho.asp (2303 words)

	Ascarons Community: Town Walls
		There are several colonies with up to 3 spaces within the town walls to build on.
		However, St. Thome seems to have a large section within the town walls that should support a building site, but I can never get anything to build in there...it just looks so empty...maybe the governor declared it a town preserve or soemthing...
		No, I did notice the AI building houses in there in other towns, but in St. Thome, its just a big 'ole empty field in there...they must be reserving the space for all the celebrations of my greatness...
	www.ascaron-forum.com /showflat.php?Cat=&Number=50882&Main=46594 (378 words)

	Town Walls Shrewsbury
		Town walls is situated in one of Shrewsbury's most prestigious locations.
		These unique three storey Town Houses have been sensitively designed to reflect the surrounding architecture, whilst offering the benefits of a luxurious modern home.
		Located within the ancient walls of Shrewsbury and only minutes away from the renowned Quarry Park, Town Walls truly is an exclusive setting.
	www.shropshire-homes.com /developments/town_walls/intro.php (88 words)

	San Gimignano: Town Walls and Rocca of Montestaffoli \| Tuscany Vacation
		It was restored and divided into 15 apartments of different sizes respecting the different architectural and historical periods in which it was built, recovering and valorizing the structures, and highlighting the elements and portions that go back even as far as the Middle Ages...
		The Rocca was erected on the existing town walls using the same stone with an irregular trapezoidal shape.
		The vertex of the trapeze was endowed with a 'spur' tower and it was the only part of rocca outside the trace of the city walls, while the now destroyed keep and high tower was within the walls faced the town.
	www.castellitoscani.com /sgimignano.htm (914 words)

	History of Wales - Edward I's castles
		Instead they rely on rings of walls, one inside the other, with towers along the length of the walls.
		The outer wall was ringed by a moat with access over a draw bridge through a separate gatehouse or barbican.
		These new settlers were carefully protected from the local Welsh population by the castle and town walls.
	www.britainexpress.com /wales/history/edwardian-castles.htm (559 words)

	MALMANTILE TOWN WALLS
		The late gothic walled enclosure of the country dates back to the 1424 and is considered one of the first examples of fortified town-walls with machicolations on all the perimeter, that became the most used type for all the successive century.
		The walls have a dimension of 125x70 meters and form nearly a perfect rectangle, oriented with the longest sides to the northwest and southeast and with the shortest, at the center of which are opened the two gates, to the northeast and the southwest.
		At south of the gate the walls are in some points pierced by the windows of the houses built against the inside part.
	www.ipiaggioni.it /malmantile/eng.htm (435 words)

	Boulogne Cathedral, Old Town & Walls
		Some of these painted walls and arches date back to the 11th century - a few parts even to the earliest 7th century church - other to the 15th century.
		The château strengthens the weakest landward-facing corner of the town's defensive walls - built in the 13th century by the Counts of Boulogne, on the foundations of earlier Roman walls.
		In the 1580's rebel Catholic forces tried to capture the town as a possible base for the Spanish Armada en route to invade England.
	www.theotherside.co.uk /tm-heritage/visit/visit-boulogne-oldtown.htm (842 words)

	Conwy tourist information
		is a medieval walled town and Castle with a picturesque harbour overlooking the estuary of the River Conwy.
		The circuit of walls, over three quarters of a mile long and guarded by no less than 22 towers, is one of the finest in the World.
		Its circuit of walls, over three quarters of a mile long and guarded by no less than 22 towers, is one of the finest in the World.
	www.walesdirectory.co.uk /Towns_in_Wales/Conwy_Town.htm (907 words)

	Pamplona: Sightseeing
		They are, in a way, the backbone of the town and serve to the visitor as orientation for his walks through Pamplona.
		Today you may visit one of the beautiful cafeterias on this square that in a way is the "heart of town", and feel like Hemingway who liked to sit in there when he was in Pamplona.
		Following the walls you arrive to Puerta de Zumalacárregui, one of the six old doors of the town, and the Park of Santo Domingo.
	www.red2000.com /spain/pamplona/sight.html (539 words)

	Cadw (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In 1984 the United Kingdom ratified the World Heritage Convention and two years later The Castles and Town Walls of Edward I in Gwynedd was amongst the first seven cultural and natural sites from the UK to be inscribed on the World Heritage List.
		As a group the castles and walled towns demonstrate the state of the arts of military architecture and craftsmanship in stone at the end of the 13th century and illustrate the way in which Edward I exercised his power in an annexed territory.
		Although they suffered periods of neglect as their military importance declined, all four castles and the two associated town walls have been cared for by the State during the last fifty to one hundred years.
	www.cadw.wales.gov.uk /default.asp?id=21&NewsId=83 (1065 words)

	Gilbert town Walls and Ceilings Contractors AZ
		Gilbert town Walls and Ceilings Contractors AZ Walls and Ceilings Gilbert town,AZ Walls and Ceilings Contractors in Gilbert town,Arizona
		Search Walls and Ceilings in Gilbert town,Arizona - We are the best internet yellow page resource for Gilbert town Walls and Ceilings firms and companies to build repair maintenance service for residential house and commercial places - and sometimes new tanks are not required to provide a jeweled rainbow of light.
		The question is stick framed rather than wall studs and normally are clad with drywall or gyp board, and plaster.
	www.easycontractorfinder.com /walls-ceilings/Gilbert-town-AZ.html (580 words)

	The Town Walls of Conwy, Wales
		The walled town is contempory with the castle (as at Caernarvon) and it also stands upon tidal waters so that it might be supplied and, if necessary relieved by sea.
		During the Civil War, John Williams, Archbishop of York repaired the castle at his own expense (which had been described in 1608 as `utterly decayed') but in spite of this it was taken without much difficulty in 1646 by the Cromwellian army under Major-General Mytton.
		Exterior of Mill Gate, in the southern wall.
	www.angelfire.com /wy/svenskildbiter/conwy.html (554 words)

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