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Topic: Walter Freeman

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	The Lobotomist by Jack El-Hai
		Walter Freeman and his neurosurgeon partner James Watts coined the term lobotomy in 1936 and championed the procedure.
		Walter Freeman was the product of his environment, his impulse to innovate, and personal demons.
		Freeman was a man of many faults, and his faults fascinate me. Arrogance, egotism, and stubbornness are just a few of them.
	lobotomist.com /interview.htm (581 words)

	In Conversation - 16 June 2005 - Jack El-Hai, Biographer of Walter Freeman
		Walter Freeman was a 'maverick medical genius' and 'one of the most scorned physicians of the twentieth century'.
		Freeman always said that he wanted to be more exact in the terminology but actually I believe that he and Watts wanted to stake out their own territory and that by abandoning the term that Egas Moniz had used, leucotomy, they could claim this kind of surgery as their own.
		I believe that Walter Freeman was a brilliant physician who cared about his patients, was a determined and curious investigator but I sometimes refer to him as 'King Lear in medical garb' because there was another side to him – he had some serious flaws of which he was completely unaware.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/inconversation/stories/2005/1386482.htm (2164 words)

	Walter Freeman - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Walter Freeman, (1895 - 1972), was a physician, advocate and very prolific practitioner of psychosurgery, specifically lobotomy.
		Frustrated by his lack of surgical training and seeking a faster and less invasive way to perform the procedure, Freeman invented the "icepick" or transorbital lobotomy, which quite literally used an icepick hammered through the back of the eye socket into the brain; Freeman was able to perform these alone, often in a few minutes.
		Freeman embarked on a national campaign to educate and train surgeons at state run institutions in the procedure.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Walter_Freeman (451 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Walter Freeman
		Walter Jackson Freeman II (November 14, 1895 – May 31, 1972) was a physician, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a graduate of Yale and the University of Pennsylvania Medical School, and an advocate and very prolific practitioner of psychosurgery, specifically lobotomy.
		Freeman performed 3,439 such procedures, but his biggest "contribution" was to popularize the lobotomy as a legitimate form of psychosurgery.
		Freeman's most notorious operation was on the ill-fated Rosemary Kennedy, who was permanently incapacitated by a lobotomy at age 23.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Walter_Freeman (566 words)

	The Lobotomist by Jack El-Hai
		Walter Freeman and his neurosurgeon partner James Watts coined the term lobotomy in 1936 and championed the procedure.
		Walter Freeman was the product of his environment, his impulse to innovate, and personal demons.
		Freeman was a man of many faults, and his faults fascinate me. Arrogance, egotism, and stubbornness are just a few of them.
	www.lobotomist.com /interview.htm (581 words)

	Articles - Social Issues::Dr. Walter Freeman's Frontal Lobotomies at Athens (Ohio) State
		Walter Freeman, a neurologist at George Washington University in Washington, D.C., who had met Dr. Moniz a year earlier, was impressed with the report.
		Freeman performed this procedure in state hospitals nationwide that were understaffed, overflowing with patients, and very receptive to any new treatment that held promise.
		Freeman met with families of patients, explained the risks and benefits of the procedure, and answered questions.
	www.gotlinks.com /earticles/articles/79855-dr_-walter-freeman_s-frontal-lobotomies-at-athens-_ohio_-state.html (966 words)

	Dr. Walter Freeman - The Lobotomist
		Freeman took a position behind the patient's head, pushed the leucotome about an inch and a half into the frontal lobe of the patient's brain, and moved the sharp tip back and forth.
		Freeman gave lobotomies to children, adults, old people, and people with depression, manic-depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and a variety of undiagnosed psychiatric illnesses.
		Freeman's enthusiasm for lobotomy, which developed through his work with his colleague James Watts at George Washington University Hospital, began a wave of psychiatric surgery that was used on 40,000 to 50,000 Americans between 1936 and the late 1950s.
	www.geocities.com /~themistyone/freeman01.htm (577 words)

	Mind Hacks: Walter Freeman: Controversional lobotomy surgeon
		Jack El-Hai, the biographer of surgeon and early lobotomy enthusiast Walter Freeman is interviewed on ABC Radio's In Conversation.
		Freeman is now a controversial character, and many see his enthusiasm for doing literally hundreds of lobotomies as verging on abuse of vulnerable patients, whereas Freeman himself argued that his was an effective treatment for otherwise untreatable people.
		One of Freeman's most notable lobotomy patients was Rosemary Kennedy, sister of JFK - an episode El-Hai describes as "one of the worst" in Freeman's career.
	www.mindhacks.com /blog/2005/06/walter_freeman_cont.html (213 words)

	NPR : 'My Lobotomy': Howard Dully's Journey
		Patricia Moen was lobotomized by Walter Freeman in 1962 at the age of 36.
		Freeman believed that mental illness was related to overactive emotions, and that by cutting the brain he cut away these feelings.
		Freeman was a showman and liked to shock his audience of doctors and nurses by performing two-handed lobotomies: hammering ice picks into both eyes at once.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=5014080 (1883 words)

	washingtonpost.com: The Lobotomist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Freeman's father was an otolaryngologist with a practice of modest attainments.
		Freeman and Watts used brains from the hospital morgue to practice the coring of sections of the prefrontal lobes with a leucotome.
		Freeman explained to her that without a lobotomy -- the name he and Watts gave for their surgery -- she faced an indefinite stay in a mental hospital.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A4531-2001Jan30?language=printer (4138 words)

	Amazon.ca: How Brains Make Up Their Minds: Books: Walter J. Freeman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Freeman refers to himself as a "pragmatist" in the book although I found this to be a bit confusing based on some of his views.
		Freeman's emphasis is a bit unique in that he focuses on the dynamics of how neurons communicate rather than on either the anatomy of the brain, or on either mental states or behavior.
		Walter Freeman is one of the scientists seriously trying to address such puzzling matters as _choice_, and how others can sometimes become aware of our own choices before we are, in both daily life and careful experiments.
	www.amazon.ca /How-Brains-Make-Their-Minds/dp/0231120087 (2251 words)

	An Illuminati News Sponsor
		Mary Freeman of Marlborough, Wiltshire, England claimed back in 1988 that on 7/13/88, almost at midnight, that she, Mary Freeman, was leaving the ancIent Druid stone circle at Avebury when she saw a UFO over Silbury Hill.
		Walter Mondale went on to serye the Illuminati as U.S. Vice-president and Orville Freeman was appointed as a cabinet member for Kennedy’s and then Johnson’s administration.
		We find the Freeman family popping up as t be Grand Master of the Prieure de Sion, as a co-rounder of the O.T.O., as a member of the Skull and Bones, as a powerful ADL member, as members of Satanic covens, and as authors.
	www.thewatcherfiles.com /bloodlines/freeman.htm (5853 words)

	Father of the Lobotomy
		Freeman kept records of 3,439 lobotomies he performed over his long career, and he promoted the procedure to more than 55 hospitals in 23 states.
		Freeman believed lobotomies worked because the procedure severed connections between the frontal lobes of the brain and the thalamus, thought to be the seat of human emotion, which the mentally ill apparently had in overabundance.
		Freeman's contributions to the study of neurophysiology are unmatched by anyone in his time.
	www.mcmanweb.com /article-122.htm (3036 words)

	The Paula Gordon Show (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Freeman is a pioneering neurobiologist who has been doing brain research at the University of California at Berkeley since 1959.
		An acknowledged pioneer in brain research, Dr. Freemanâs experimentally-based ideas about consciousness and the central role of cooperation in the brain, family, tribe, and society are revitalizing honored scientific and philosophical traditions.
		Freeman expands on his idea of volition -- voluntary action within an internal structure -- comparing his own status as a maverick within the scientific community to Martin Luther's dilemma.
	www.paulagordon.com /shows/freeman (905 words)

	The Freeman Bloodline
		Mary Freeman of Marlborough, Wiltshire, England claimed back in 1988 that on 7/13/88, almost at midnight, that she, Mary Freeman, was leaving the ancient Druid stone circle at Avebury when she saw a UFO over Silbury Hill.
		Walter Mondale went on to serve the Illuminati as U.S. Vice-president and Orville Freeman was appointed as a cabinet member for Kennedy’s and then Johnson’s administration.
		Robert Freeman is not to be confused with Ernest Robert Freeman who also is connected to the Sachs family, and was mentioned In the original article on the Freeman family (Mar. 15, 1993).
	www.theforbiddenknowledge.com /hardtruth/the_freeman_bloodline.htm (5848 words)

	DBLP: Walter J. Freeman
		Robert Kozma, Walter J. Freeman: Classification of EEG patterns using nonlinear dynamics and identifying chaotic phase transitions.
		Robert Kozma, Walter J. Freeman: Encoding and Recall of Noisy Data as Chaotic Spatio-Temporal Memory Patterns in the Style of the Brains.
		Walter J. Freeman: Random Activity at the Microscopic Neural Level in Cortex ("Noise") Sustains and is Regulated by Low-Dimensional Dynamics of Macroscopic Cortical Activity ("Chaos").
	www.informatik.uni-trier.de /~ley/db/indices/a-tree/f/Freeman:Walter_J=.html (649 words)

	Book review of Walter Freeman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The American neurophysiologist Walter Freeman discovered that the neural acitivity due to a sensory stimuli disappears in the cortex and in lieu of it an apparently unrelated pattern appears, as if the brain created its own version of what happens in the world.
		Freeman provides some rudimentary neurphysiological description (not really answer) for the first questions and then dwells at length on the last question.
		Freeman develops a mathematical theory of neurodynamics, whereby states of the brain are described by nonlinear dynamics of a quantity which he calls "neural activity" and which he introduces as the equivalent of Newton's force in Physics.
	www.thymos.com /mind/freeman.html (338 words)

	Walter Freeman's Lobotomies at Athens State Hospital
		Freeman performed this procedure in state hospitals nationwide that were understaffed, overflowing with
		Freeman met with families of patients, explained the risks and benefits of the procedure, and answered
		Freeman visited the Athens State Hospital more times than any of the other state hospitals in Ohio.
	www.cordingleyneurology.com /lobotomies.html (879 words)

	[No title]
		Freeman received an A.B. from Yale University in 1916, an M.D. for the University of Pennsylvania in 1920, and an M.S. in 1929 and Ph.D in 1931 from Georgetown University.
		The 1948 letter to Mizuho Nakata from Walter Freeman discusses a case of hyperkinesia in a child; enclosed is a request from Freeman to Lieutenant General Richard Southerland to allow Nakata to attend an international conference on psychosurgery in Lisbon in 1948.
		Freeman gives news of his family, including accounts of the death of his son Robert Fitz Randolph in 1969 and of his wife, Marjorie, in 1970, and an accident suffered by his aunt, Dora Keen Handy, in 1963.
	www.collphyphil.org /FIND_AID/hist/histwf1.htm (686 words)

	Lobotomy Timeline
		Freeman modifies Moniz’s procedure, renames it the "lobotomy," and with his neurosurgeon partner James Watts performs the first ever prefrontal lobotomy in the United States.
		Walter Freeman performs the first transorbital lobotomy in the United States on a 29-year-old housewife named Sallie Ellen Ionesco in his Washington, D.C. office.
		Freeman performs 228 transorbital lobotomies in a two-week period in West Virginia for a state-sponsored lobotomy project, dubbed "Operation Ice Pick" by newspapers.
	www.soundportraits.org /on-air/my_lobotomy/timeline.php3 (342 words)

	The Resume'/Obituary-Type Stuff about Dr. Joel Freeman
		Freeman is a Diplomate member of the National Institute of Sports Professionals (NISP).
		Dr. Freeman also functions as one of two Founders (Don Griffin is the other) of Return To Glory -- Funds are being raised to donate a copy of the Return To Glory film to every prison, jail, juvenile detention facility and school in America.
		Of added interest, Freeman's grandfather (on his mother's side), Gerhard Schroeder, was the Volost Secretary of the White Army during the Russian Revolution (view the tribute and some photos).
	www.freemaninstitute.com /JAFbio.htm (1382 words)

	Walter Freeman: Father of the Lobotomy
		Freeman and Watts claimed 52 percent of their first 623 surgeries yielded "good" results, but they did not offer a clinical yardstick for what constituted an improvement.
		Nevertheless, hospitals were willing to put up with lobotomies and all their shortcomings for no other reason than post-operation lethargic patients were easier to care for than pre-operation emotionally-charged ones.
		In 1967, Freeman performed a lobotomy on one of his original patients in Berkeley, California.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/depression/63453/2 (253 words)

	Commentary on "The Mystery of Consciousness" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This is a commentary written by Walter Freeman and Hubert Dreyfus at Berkeley, on the two-part multibook review published by John Searle, in the New York Review of Books 2-18 November, entitled "The Mystery of Consciousness".
		In Freeman's book, "Societies of Brains", he made a case that directed, flexible comportment is an aspect of the dynamical interplay of motor output and corollary discharge with proprioceptive and exteroceptive feedback, and with repeated update of the limbic mechanisms for orientation of action in time and space.
		Freeman's account of the brain requires its patterns of neuron firings be understood in terms of the whole organism coping flexibly with its world.
	users.ecs.soton.ac.uk /~harnad/Papers/Py104/freeman.searle.html (1592 words)

	My Lobotomy
		Freeman performed the first one; the other two lobotomies were performed by doctors he recommended.
		Ann Krubsack: was lobotomized by Walter Freeman in January, 1961 at Doctor’s General Hospital in San Jose, California.
		Walter Freeman III: a professor of neurobiology at the University of California.
	www.soundportraits.org /on-air/my_lobotomy/producers.php3 (990 words)

	In Conversation - 16/06/2005: Jack El-Hai, Biographer of Walter Freeman
		He did a lot of autopsies on patients and examinations of the brains of dead patients, trying to find if there were visible differences between the brains of people with mental illness and those who didn’t have mental illness and he found nothing.
		Jack El-Hai: Well Freeman said, to be more precise, that the term that had been used up until then and in fact has been used since then in most parts of the world, leucotomy refers to the cutting of the white matter of the brain.
		He could not see what he and his partner, Watts, were cutting but what Freeman and Watts were trying to target were these neural connections between the region of the brain called the thalamus and the frontal lobe.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/science/incon/stories/s1386482.htm (1877 words)

	Walter J. Freeman
		Walter J. Freeman is professor of Neurobiology at the University of California, Berkeley.
		Avoiding determinism both in sociobiology, which proposes that persons' genes control their brains' functioning, and in neuroscience, which posits that their brains' disposition is molded by chemistry and environmental forces, Freeman charts a new course – one that gives individuals due credit and responsibility for their actions.
		Drawing upon his five decades of research in neuroscience, Freeman utilizes the latest advances in his field as well as perspectives from disciplines as diverse as mathematics, psychology, and philosophy to explicate how different human brains act in their chosen diverse ways.
	www.machineslikeus.com /People/Freeman_Walter.html (434 words)

	The SpiderDen - Dr. Walter Freeman's Frontal Lobotomies at Athens (Ohio) State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Walter Freeman, a neurologist at George Washington University in Washington, D.C., who had met Dr. Moniz a year earlier, was impressed with the report.
		Freeman performed this procedure in state hospitals nationwide that were understaffed, overflowing with patients, and very receptive to any new treatment that held promise.
		Freeman met with families of patients, explained the risks and benefits of the procedure, and answered questions.
	www.spiderden.com /articles/79855-dr_-walter-freeman_s-frontal-lobotomies-at-athens-_ohio_-state.html (1136 words)

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