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Topic: Wanapitei crater

	Remote Sensing Tutorial Page 18-5
		It has been named Shoemaker crater in honor of Eugene Shoemaker, the famed astrogeologist who was tragically killed in central Australia (see bottom of page 19-23).
		Speculate on the cause of this departure from the normal inner shape of impact craters.
		The second largest impact crater (about 300 km [200 miles] wide) on Earth is the Vredefort Dome (once considered that type of structure until shatter cones revealed its extraterrestrial origin as a depression) in South Africa southeast of Johannesburg.
	rst.gsfc.nasa.gov /Sect18/Sect18_5.html (1254 words)

	Sudbury Basin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sudbury Basin is the second largest impact crater on earth, and a major geologic structure in Ontario, Canada.
		It was created as the result of a 10 km bolide impact which occurred 1.85 billion years ago in the Paleoproterozoic era.
		Sudbury Basin would then be the second largest crater on earth, after the 300 km Vredefort crater in South Africa, and larger than the 170 km Chicxulub crater in Yucatán, Mexico which is linked to the extinction of the dinosaurs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sudbury_Basin (367 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Lake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Crater Lake in Oregon is a lake located within the caldera of an extinct volcano..
		The change in level of a lake is controlled by the difference between the sources of inflow and outflow, compared to the total volume of the lake.
		The largest lake located completely within the boundaries of a single city is Lake Wanapitei in the city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Lake (2186 words)

	Johns, W. H. --- Anomalous Ages for Meteorite Impacts and Tektites
		This crater is 1.26 km in diameter and 174 m deep.
		The presence of coesite, suevite and shatter cones indicates that this is an impact crater (Schnetzler et al.
		Glass from the crater itself and from the Ivory Coast strewn-field 300 km to the west shows concordant K-Ar and fission-track ages of 1.3 m.y.
	www.grisda.org /origins/03085.htm (3915 words)

	Encyclopedia: Sudbury, Ontario (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The ore deposits in Sudbury are part of a large geological structure known as the Sudbury Basin, believed to be the remnants of a meteorite impact crater.
		The ecology of the Sudbury region has recovered dramatically, due both to the regreening program and improved mining practices, and in 1992 the city was given the "Local Government Honours Award" by the United Nations, in honour of its innovative community-based strategies in environmental rehabilitation.
		Over 300 lakes lie within its municipal boundaries, including Lake Wanapitei, which holds the record for the largest lake in the world completely contained within the boundaries of a single city.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sudbury,-Ontario (1772 words)

	ABSTRACT: Seismic investigation of glacial and postglacial sedimentation for the evaluation of local water resources in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Lake Wanapitei is the largest (13.28 km{2}) and deepest (117 m) and contains approximately 4.9 km3 of water.
		Lake Wanapitei occupies a bedrock basin that is considered to enclose a 37 million year old meteorite impact structure, 5 km in diameter, that has been modified by glacial erosion.
		A large raised delta with a surface at 300 m asl along the northern perimeter of Lake Wanapitei records ponding of a high level ice marginal lake (Glacial Lake Algonquin) and the supply of sediment south into the lake from the retreating ice margin.
	cgrg.geog.uvic.ca /abstracts/LSeismic.html (359 words)

	Ottawa Centre - R.A.S.C. : Terrestrial Meteorite Craters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Wanapitei impact structure lies entirely within the central portion of the 9 km diameter Wanapitei Lake, visible at the top center of this landsat image (Note 5, 6).
		It is classified as a simple crater because of its estimated diameter of 3 km (E. L’Heureux et al, 2003) to ~7-8 km (Dence and Polelar, 1972) and because there is no evidence of a central uplift in the submerged crater (Dence and Popelar, 1972).
		This image of Wanapitei Lake from the north illustrates the “semi circular” shape of the north coast of the feature with a highly indented southern margin.
	www.ottawa.rasc.ca /astronomy/earth_craters/wanapitei (1483 words)

	PS Wiki Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Wanapitei crater is the water-filled structure in this image that also includes the oval Sudbury crater.
		Lake Wanapitei, a popular recreational and residential lake in the Sudbury area, is the largest lake in the world completely contained within the boundaries of a single city.
		However, the Wanapitei spelling is correct for both the lake and the river.
	70.84.119.226 /~puresear/PSWiki/index.php?title=Lake_Wanapitei (158 words)

	How Good Are Those Young-Earth Arguments? A Close Look at Dr. Hovind's List of Young-Earth
		Although their craters are not always a snap to identify, due to erosion and burial, we can at least expect to find some if, in fact, they fell.
		Fossil meteorites, themselves, would not likely be found in connection with a large crater because the cosmic speeds of impact for large meteorites liberate so much energy as to easily vaporize the meteorite.
		A common interpretation of this similarity in cratering records is that all these worlds were cratered by the same population of objects...
	www.skepticfiles.org /new/matson-v.htm (21696 words)

	Ottawa Centre - R.A.S.C. : Terrestrial Meteorite Craters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Clearwater Lake East and West craters are a classic example of the impact of a contact binary asteroid.
		The impact that resulted in the Sudbury Crater (left in the image) happened almost two billion years before the Wanapitei Crater impact (right in the image).
		The remnant of the eastern crater rim is visible in the left background of the first image.
	www.ottawa.rasc.ca /astronomy/earth_craters/clearwater_east (452 words)

	Meteorite Impact References (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Grieve, R.A.F., 1975, Petrology and chemistry of the impact melt at Mistastin Lake Crater*, Labrador: GSA Bull., v.
		Hawke, B.R., 1976, Ponded material on the North Rim of King Crater*: influence of pre-event topography on the distribution of impact melt (abstr): EOS (Trans AGU), v.
		Palme, H., Grieve, R.A.F., and Wolfe, R., 1981, Identification of the projectile at the Brent Crater* and further considerations of projectile types at Terrestrial craters: Geochim.
	skywalker.cochise.edu /wellerr (3106 words)

	Remote Sensing and Photo Interpretation Tutorial Page 18-5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The 6 km (4 mile)-wide ring consists of layers of resistant sandstone tilted at steep angles as the strata were driven upwards on end during the rebound of the crater floor into the peak.
		The outer sections of the crater have been nearly obliterated through erosion but are faintly expressed as the outer edge of a dark band in the photo; field studies show the approximate diameter of the full crater to be 22 km (14 miles).
		This huge impact crater (some argue it was at least 245 km [150 miles] across when it was circular) was created about 1800 million years ago.
	prome.snu.ac.kr /~ohrora/gis/rs/Sect18/nicktutor_18-5.html (831 words)

	Jarmo Moilanen´s homepage - Impact crater list references
		D.L. Coleman, "A Meteorite Crater in the Backyard", Meteorite!
		Craters of Ilumetsä crater Økm Põrguhaud 0.080 Sügavhaud 0.050 Tondihaud or Kuradihaud?
		Craters of Morasko crater Økm 1 0.100 2 0.025 3 0.063 4 0.035 5 0.015 6 0.024 7 0.050 8 0.035
	www.somerikko.net /old/geo/imp/refer.htm (5146 words)

	Canadian Canoe Routes - A Meeting Place for Canadian Wilderness Paddlers
		Formed by a meteor crater, Wanapitei Lake is roughly 11 km in diameter.
		The problem was apparent sometimes in the whitewater sections, but mainly in the winding oxbows of the marsh sections of the river, when wrestling the boat around the frequent turns became a bit of a chore.
		Wanapitei can be a tough (if not impossible) lake to paddle if westerly winds are present.
	www.myccr.com /canoedb/routeDetails.php?routeid=182 (8450 words)

	Earth Impact Database
		Dabizha, A.I. 1977 A new interpretation of the structure of meteorite craters (in Russian).
		Dence, M.R. Robertson, P.B. and Wirthlin, R.L. 1974 Coesite from the Lake Wanapitei crater, Ontario.
		Palme, H. Grieve, R.A.F. and Wolf, R. 1981 Identification of the projectile at Brent crater, and further considerations of projectile types at terrestrial craters.
	www.unb.ca /passc/ImpactDatabase/images/wanapitei.htm (694 words)

	(GC9CE1) Meteor Crater by Captain Morgan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The sources agree that this crater dates from about 58 million years ago (plus or minus 2 million years), and that the crater is not visible at the surface.
		This is the meteor crater at Gardnos in Hallingdal, Norway.
		The crater is also an earthcache, and there is a regular cache in the crater.
	www.geocaching.com /seek/cache_details.aspx?ID=40161 (1781 words)


		This is the amount of the rare trace element iridium (Ir), a platinum-group mineral, sampled in an impact crater's ejecta.
		The droplets were terrestrial rocks and dirt that were superheated during the impact, ejected from their source crater, and then rained down on the land and sea.
		The source crater for the 700,000 year-old Australasian tektite strewn field has not been found.
	www.lpl.arizona.edu /SIC/impact_cratering/Enviropages/atmossulphur/sulphurweb.html (1248 words)

	WHERE DID THE LATE EOCENE IMPACTORS COME FROM ? THE ASTEROID BELT OR THE OORT CLOUD ?
		Less precisely constrained by isotope-dating, the smaller Mistastin, Wanapitei and Logoisk craters may be part of the same suite of events.
		This increase in the flux of IDP and the impact of larger objects (at least 2) is attributed to the arrival in the inner solar system of a comet shower, triggered by a perturbation of the Oort cloud.
		However, the concentrations in platinum group elements (PGE) measured in the impact melt rock of the Popigai crater indicate that its projectile was most probably an L-chondrite (Tagle and Claeys, 2004).
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/abstract_78872.htm (530 words)

	Manicouagan, Québec, Canada (51°23'N, 68°42'W) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Since this crater is slightly over 200 million years old, the original rim has been removed by erosion.
		Also on the picture is the Sudbury impact site, as well as Wanapitei crater (not indicated, but close to Sudbury).
		Another recent impact is the Nouveau Québec crater (Chubb crater) which is just off the top of the image in northernmost Québec.
	www.science.uwaterloo.ca /earth/waton/f9923.html (127 words)

	25sudbur
		Are Outliers of the Huronian Supergroup Preserved in Structures associated with the collapse of the Sudbury Impact Crater.
		Panels of rock transected by linear east-west trending segments of Sudbury diabase and bordered by zones of ductile mylonite also continue to appear well to the east of this zone, and Grenville deformation may be fully penetrative in character only east of the Beeftea Lake Sudbury Diabase location.
		An old deformation fabric is possible preserved in a shear pod of 2.45 Ga anorthosite in Dryden Township, and in agmatite associated with the 1.75 Ga (Prevec, 1994) mafic rocks of the Wanapitei shear pod, both of which are cut by undeformed, garnet-bearing Sudbury diabase.
	instruct.uwo.ca /earth-sci/200a-001/25sudbur.htm (6031 words)

	Hernan A. Ugalde (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Their importance arises because ~25% of the known terrestrial impact craters are associated with some form of economic resources and ~12% are currently being exploited or have been exploited in the past.
		Geophysical methods provide a major tool in the initial recognition and study of terrestrial impact craters, ~20% of which are buried beneath post impact sediments.
		L'Heureux, E., Ugalde, H., Milkereit, B., Boyce, J., Morris, W. Eyles, N., Artemieva, N., "Using vertical dikes as a new approach to constraining the size of buried craters: an example from Lake Wanapitei, Canada", in Kenkmann, T. and Deutsch, A. ed., Large meteorite impacts and planetary evolution III: Boulder, Colorado.
	www.physics.utoronto.ca /~ugalde (605 words)

	Glass bombs - part 1 of 3
		Gaetan Cormier wrote: > I have a couple of Glass Bombs from Ries Crater in Germany, I always > heard that they were a type of impactite, but apparently somme say > that they are tektites.
		High-Al pyroxenes appear to be characteristic of glassy impact melt rocks, with a high degree of undercooling.
		We recently described them in glassy melt rocks from the Wanapitei impact structure (Grieve and Ber, 1994).
	www7.pair.com /arthur/meteor/archive/archive7/March99/msg00072.html (426 words)

	Planetizen \| The Planning & Development Network
		Inco is currently embarked on a campaign to break the hardrock mining union, the Subury local being one of Canada's strongest.
		The high concentration of metals found in the Sudbury Basin are believed to be the remnants of a 1,850 year old meteorite impact crater.
		The smaller, dark body of water directly northeast of Sudbury is Wanapitei Lake.
	www.planetizen.com /radar/item.php?id=8102 (520 words)

	Sudbury Basin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Sudbury Basin is a major geologic structure, located on the Canadian Shield in the city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario.
		The Sudbury Basin, which is 60 kilometres long, 30 kilometres wide and 15 kilometres deep, is believed to be the result of a meteorite impact which occurred 1.85 billion years ago.
		The large crater was infilled with magma containing nickel, copper, platinum, palladium, gold and other metals.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Sudbury-Basin.htm (349 words)

	AIVA Aerial Imaging & Video Adventures
		Next morning was clearing as I departed, talking to Sudbury control tower, advising my location to the northeast as I would be spending some time around the Wanapitei meteor crater (N 46° 45' W 80° 45').
		Within 50 meters I was in the air and heading southwest towards Thompson MB, a fuel-stop at Lynn Lake then on to the Deep Bay Crater Saskatchewan (N 56° 24' W 102° 59').
		The next waypoint was northeast, Carswell Crater (N 58° 27' W 109° 30') and this meant a return to Saskatchewan and the Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Wilderness Park.
	www.aiva.ca /articles_tuk_tale.shtml (5293 words)

	How Good are those Young-Earth Arguments: Hovind's 'Proofs'
		Their craters might not be a snap to identify, due to erosion and burial, but we can at least expect to find a number of them if the geologic column is truly ancient.
		Meteor Crater, Arizona, is probably the freshest "big" crater around, and it happened some 50,000 years ago.) Therefore, creationists must conjure up a miraculous swarm of asteroids which decide to drop in on Earth throughout the year of Noah's flood.
		A casual inspection of the cratered surfaces of Mars, the Moon, and Mercury, not to mention most of the moons of Saturn and Jupiter, make it intuitively obvious that a lot of enormous asteroids were once flying around our solar system.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/hovind/howgood-yea.html (18986 words)

	Astronomy - Those weren't snowballs - Robert Burnham
		Two 35-million-year-old impact craters hint at the possibility of asteroid showers.
		Two craters dating from 35 million years ago probably were gouged by impacts from asteroids, not comets as previously thought.
		The question of the Chesapeake Bay crater's origin is less certain.
	www.astronomy.com /asy/default.aspx?c=a&id=2344 (553 words)

	Meteors and the Flood
		But the amazing thing is that most YECs who believe in a one-year global flood don't know that their belief system requires accepting that the earth was literally bombarded with millions of megatons of meteoric impacts during the period of time that the geologic column was laid down.
		But the YEC believes that all these craters were the remnants of impacts which occurred in only 1 year.
		Isostatic recovery in the center of the Vredefort impact structure overturned and exposed the lower basin strata and underlying crystalline basement, the latter to paleodepths of at least 20 km.
	home.entouch.net /dmd/meteors.htm (817 words)

	Earth Impact Database
		Dence, M.R. 1972 Meteorite impact craters and the structure of the Sudbury Basin.
		Lakomy, R. 1990 Implications of cratering mechanics from a study of the footwall breccia of the Sudbury impact structure, Canada.
		Lakomy, R. 1990 Implications for cratering mechanics from breccias in the basement of the Sudbury impact crater, Canada (abstract).
	www.unb.ca /passc/ImpactDatabase/images/sudbury.htm (9922 words)

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