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Topic: Wapi Lava Field

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	Craters of the Moon NM & Preserve: Geology of Craters of the Moon
		Kings Bowl lava field is the smallest and lies between COM lava field and the Wapi lava field located on the southern end of the Great Rift.
		Though the COM lava flows are believed to have similar parent magma to the volcanoes in the rest of the Plain, their varied compositions are due to crustal contamination from assimilating older rocks or from crystal fractionation (Kuntz, et al, 1986).
		Wapi and Kings Bowl lava fields are identical in age (approximately 2,200 years old), i.e., within the limits of analytical error (Hughes, et al, 1999).
	www.nps.gov /crmo/geology/geology-1.htm (1180 words)

	CVO Website - Idaho Volcanoes and Volcanics
		Craters of the Moon is a monogenetic volcanic field, 1,630 to 1,810 meters in elevation, of olivine basalt composition.
		The Wapi lava field is one of several Holocene to Pleistocene volcanic fields on the Snake River Plain.
		Wapi is 1,635 meters in elevation with basalt composition.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /Volcanoes/Idaho/description_idaho_volcanics.html (3377 words)

	Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve - Natural Features & Ecosystems (U.S. National Park Service)
		A composite field made up of about 60 lava flows and 25 cones, the Craters of the Moon Lava Field is the largest of its type in the lower 48 states.
		The Craters of the Moon Lava Field is the northernmost of the three lava fields found along the Great Rift, a system of crustal fractures that begins at the base of the Pioneer Mountains north of the Monument and extends for more than 50 miles to the southeast.
		The flows of the Craters of the Moon Lava Field have parent magma similar to that in the rest of the Snake River Plain, but exhibit a wide range of chemical compositions due to crustal contamination and crystal fractionation.
	www.nps.gov /crmo/naturescience/naturalfeaturesandecosystems.htm (592 words)

	cratersofthemoon
		The Craters of the Moon lava field covers 618 square miles and is the largest young basaltic lava field in the conterminous United States.
		Sixty lava flows lie within the Craters of the Moon lava field ranging in age from 15,000 to just 2,000 years old.
		The Kings Bowl and Wapi lava fields, which are about 2,200 years old, are now part of the monument.
	www.thebrgs.homestead.com /cratersofthemoon.html (319 words)

	Craters of the Moon
		Of the three lava fields, the Craters of the Moon field is the largest and the oldest.
		The vast expanse that is the Craters of the Moon lava field.
		The largest lava field within the preserve, Craters of the Moon is a monogenetic (built by a single eruption) volcanic field, comprised mainly of olivine basalt.
	www.earlham.edu /~baumasa/COTM.htm (1724 words)

	Craters Of The Moon National Monument - Areaparks.com
		A sea of lava flows with scattered islands of cinder cones and sagebrush describes this "weird and scenic landscape" known as Craters of the Moon.
		The Craters of the Moon lava field spreads across 618 square miles and is the largest young basaltic lava field in the lower 48 states.
		Sixty distinct lava flows form the Craters of the Moon lava field ranging in age from 15,000 to just 2,000 years old.
	cratersofthemoon.areaparks.com /index.html (340 words)

	Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve - Geologic Activity (U.S. National Park Service)
		The constancy of most recent lava output rates suggest that slightly over one cubic mile of lava will be erupted during the next eruption period.
		In the past, eruptions in the Craters of the Moon Lava Field have generally shifted to the segment of the Great Rift with the longest repose interval.
		Therefore, the next eruptive period is expected to begin along the central portion of the Great Rift in the Craters of the Moon Lava Field, but may well propagate to the northern part of the monument in the proximity of the loop road.
	www.nps.gov /crmo/naturescience/geologicactivity.htm (834 words)

	Global Volcanism Program \| Wapi Lava Field \| Summary
		The Wapi lava field, SE of the Craters of the Moon, covers about 325 sq km, and consists of a low shield volcano formed during an eruption about 2250 years ago that produced about 6 cu km of fluid pahoehoe lava flows.
		Eruptions of the Wapi lava field also overlapped with the last eruptive period of the Craters of the Moon lava field.
		The vent area of the Wapi field lies along the Great Rift of the Craters of the Moon and consists of five major and a half dozen minor vents covering an area of 0.5 sq km.
	www.volcano.si.edu /world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1204-03- (237 words)

	[No title]
		Nevertheless the volcanic fissures at Craters of the Moon are considered to be 978:6:243::recognized in the Craters of the Moon Lava Field.
		Wapi Lava Field probably formed from a fissure eruption simultaneously with the eruption of the Kings 979:6:297::once roamed this lava field but have long ago become locally extinct.
		The lava tube is remarkable for its 981:6:285::tests were conducted in 1980 by using charred vegetation directly below individual flows (for the radiocarbon test), and from 981:6:320::prevailing southwesterly winds and also have a more persistent snow cover (an important water source in early spring).
	www.curragh-labs.org /random/searches_beta/1112804920 (19162 words)

	Craters of the Moon National Monument, Idaho (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The Kings Bowl and Wapi lava fields, both about 2,200 years old, are located on the southern edge of the Snake River Plain.
		All three lava fields lie along the Great Rift, displaying some of the best examples of open rift cracks in the world.
		There are extensive examples of pahoehoe, slabby pahoehoe, shelly pahoehoe, spiny pahoehoe, aa, and block lava, as well as rafted blocks, tree molds, lava tubes, and many other volcanic features.
	www.paulnoll.com /Oregon/Vacations/Craters-Landon-lava.html (91 words)

	[No title]
		The lava flows in the additional land would be managed by the National Park Service, while the rest of the land would continue to be managed by the Bureau of Land Management.
		The expansion takes in almost all the features of basaltic volcanism, including the craters, cones, lava flows, caves and fissures of the 65 mile long Great Rift, a geological feature that is comparable to the great rift zones of Iceland and Hawaii.
		The land remaining under BLM management also contains important geological features, such as the 15 mile Bear Trap lava tube and the exposed creases in the earth of the Great Rift that connect the Craters of the Moon and Wapi lava flows.
	www.doi.gov /news/archives/monument811.htm (1341 words)

	Craters Of The Moon National Monument - Areaparks.com
		A sea of lava flows with scattered islands of cinder cones and sagebrush describes this "weird and scenic landscape" known as Craters of the Moon.
		The Craters of the Moon lava field spreads across 618 square miles and is the largest young basaltic lava field in the lower 48 states.
		The Kings Bowl and Wapi lava fields, both about 2,200 years old, are located on the southern edge of the Snake River Plain.
	cratersofthemoon.areaparks.com (332 words)

	11/10/00 -- Vermilion Cliffs, Lava Fields Become National Monuments
		Some of the lava flows diverged around areas of higher ground and rejoined downstream to form isolated islands of older terrain surrounded by new lava.
		The Bear Trap lava tube, located between the Craters of the Moon and the Wapi lava fields, is a cave system more than 15 miles long.
		The lava tube is remarkable for its length and for the number of well preserved lava cave features, such as lava stalactites and curbs, which preserve the patterns of flowing lava.
	forests.org /archive/america/vecllava.htm (1118 words)

	Craters of the Moon
		This northernmost lava field is a composite, polygenetic field that formed from many eruptions that cover an area of about 1,600 km2.
		The Wapi lava field is a monogenetic shield volcano (formed in a single eruption) that is characteristic of the low, broad shield volcanoes common on the surface of the eastern Snake River Plain.
		Radiocarbon dating of the Wapi field resulted in an age for the flow of 2,270 ± 50 14C yrs.
	www.id.blm.gov /craters/geology.htm (714 words)

	Craters of the Moon Travel Planner - Craters of the Moon National Monument by TravelEze.com
		The Craters of the Moon (COM) lava field covers 618 square miles and is the largest young basaltic lava field in the conterminous United States.
		There are 60 different lava flows in the COM field and they range in age from 15,000 to just 2,000 years old.
		The Kings Bowl and Wapi lava fields, which are about 2,200 years old, are also now part of the monument.
	www.traveleze.com /travel_planning/craters.html (258 words)

	GEO_PLATE_V-7.HTML (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Both the High Lava Plains (Figure V-7.1) and the Snake River Plains (this Plate) to their east are astride the transition between the older Columbia Plateau volcanism and the younger Basin and Range faulting (with its sporadic volcanism) that runs south into Mexico (Christiansen and Lipman, 1972).
		Details of the constructional surfaces in these quite young lava fields stand out in the aerial photo showing the north edge of the Craters of the Moon National Monument (Figure V-7.4).
		Flow ages in the larger field are qualitatively separable in the image by variations in darkness or gray level of the surfaces because these weather over time.
	daac.gsfc.nasa.gov /geomorphology/GEO_3/GEO_PLATE_V-7.HTML (740 words)

	Module 6: Volcanoes
		They thought that the hot lava fragments and clouds of dust erupting from Vulcano came from Vulcan's forge as he beat out thunderbolts for Jupiter, king of the gods, and weapons for Mars, the god of war.
		Lava is the term used for magma that has reached the surface because of a volcanic eruption.
		The lava fountain (photograph on left) erupted from the Pu'u O'o vent on June 26, 1986, and supplied lava to the advancing flow, which had traveled just 3.6 kilometers by the time the eruption ended later in the day.
	wapi.isu.edu /EnvGeo/EG6_volcano/volcanoes.htm (2884 words)

	Idaho Public Lands
		The Monument and Preserve encompass three major lava fields and 250,000 acres of sagebrush steppe grasslands.
		The Kings Bowl and Wapi lava fields, both about 2,200 years old, are now part of the National Preserve.
		Craters, cinder coves, lava tubes, deep cracks, and vast lava fields form a strangely beautiful volcanic sea on central Idaho's Snake River Plain.
	www.biggamehunt.net /sections/Idaho/public_lands/page4.html (617 words)

	11/10/00 -- Vermilion Cliffs, Lava Fields Become National Monuments
		Some of the lava flows diverged around areas of higher ground and rejoined downstream to form isolated islands of older terrain surrounded by new lava.
		The Bear Trap lava tube, located between the Craters of the Moon and the Wapi lava fields, is a cave system more than 15 miles long.
		The lava tube is remarkable for its length and for the number of well preserved lava cave features, such as lava stalactites and curbs, which preserve the patterns of flowing lava.
	www.forests.org /archive/america/vecllava.htm (1118 words)

	Craters of the Moon
		In fact, at 618 square miles, it is the "largest young basaltic lava field in the lower 48 states." There are six flows that comprise the field, ranging in age from 15,000 to 2,000 years old.
		Unable to be seen at first glance, underground ice caves and lava tubes also formed as a result of the eruptions.
		The magma from which the flow formed is believed to be the same as the other fields within the preserve, however crustal contamination from older rocks and crystal fractioning has lead to different composition.
	www.earlham.edu /%7Ebaumasa/COTM.htm (1724 words)

	Outdoors Idaho "The Path Less Followed"
		There were numerous small lava tubes, some of which looked inviting as it was beginning to get very hot.
		We now began to cross a very rough stretch of aa lava, an older flow which was covered with a lot of brush and occasional trees.
		I am standing in the middle of the Craters Of The Moon lava field, which is part of the Great Rift in Southern Idaho.
	idptv.state.id.us /outdoors/shows/path/rift1.html (4095 words)

	[No title]
		Shield volcanoes, the largest of the three types, are gently sloping and built almost entirely of low viscosity basaltic lava flows.
		Their lovely steep-sided, symmetrical cone shapes are built up by eruptions of intermediate viscosity andesitic lava and explosive tephra.
		Shield volcanoes have gently sloping sides and are formed from layers of lava.
	www.lycos.com /info/volcanoes--eruptions.html (494 words)

	Exploitz: national_park
		Lava that flowed from vents located at the volcano's flank covered almost 16 square miles.
		The fields are tilled, planted and cultivated by hand, applying basic principles of hoe agriculture.
		On this field on January 17, 1781, Daniel Morgan led his army of tough Continentals, militia and cavalry to a brilliant victory over Banastre Tarleton's force of British regulars.
	www.exploitz.com /pages/national_park/index.shtml (15902 words)

	Craters Of The Moon National Monument, Idaho
		The Craters of the Moon (COM) lava field covers 618 square miles and is the largest young basaltic lava field in the conterminous United States.
		There are 60 different lava flows in the COM field and they range in age from 15,000 to just 2,000 years old.
		The Kings Bowl and Wapi lava fields, which are about 2,200 years old, are also now part of the monument.
	www.hikercentral.com /parks/crmo (1032 words)

	Great Rift Science Symposium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The Monument contains the youngest and most geologically diverse basalt lava terrain of the Snake River Plain and the largest basaltic lava field of Holocene age in the United States.
		This unique lava landscape supports some of the most intact sage-steppe ecosystem remaining in the world.
		The scope of the Symposium is based on Presidential Proclamation 7373 that expanded Craters of Moon National Monument on November 9, 2000.
	www.stoller-eser.com /symposium.htm (468 words)

	Craters 2002, a trip report, Sierra Club, Sawtooth Group, Northern Rockies Chapter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Not an arboreal fungus, these are where lava flowed around trees and left holes.
		These two processes combined to produce the landscape of the Craters of the Moon lava field and the other lava fields (the King's Bowl and Wapi Flow) associated with the Great Rift.
		They formed cracks at the earth's surface, and when those cracks contact magma you get volcanism complete with cinder cones, lava tubes, lava spouts, and all of the other elements that characterize the landscape of the Craters of the Moon National Monument.
	idaho.sierraclub.org /sawtooth/crat2002.htm (517 words)

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