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Topic: War crimes in Manchukuo

Related Topics

Manchukuo (administration)

Manchukuo (Japanese investment in industry)

Historical revisionism (Japan)

Unit 516

Unit 731

Unit 100

Manchukuo

Sook Ching massacre

Battle of Singapore

Japanese expansionism

Manila massacre

List of Japanese War Atrocities

Queen Min of Joseon

List of metropolitan areas by population

United States

	Online dictionary - Unit 731 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The acts of Unit 731 are only one of many major war crimes committed by the Imperial Japanese Army from the occupation of Manchuria in 1931 to the end of World War II in 1945, during which over 15 million Chinese, Korean, Filipino, Indonesian, Burmese, Indochinese civilians, Pacific Islanders and Allied POWs were killed.
		When it was clear that the war would soon end, Ishii ordered the destruction of the facilities, and told his men "to take the secret to the grave." His Japanese troops blew the compound up in the final days of the war to destroy evidence of their experimentation.
		In August 2002, the Tokyo District Court acknowledged the existence of Unit 731 and its biological warfare activities, but ruled that all compensation issues were settled by the Joint Communique of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China of September 29, 1972.
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Unit_731 (1571 words)

	Implementation of the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, An Interim Report to Congress (IWG), 2002
		Section 2(c)(3) of the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act required that appropriate committees of the Senate and the House be informed of the activities of the IWG and Federal agencies in identifying and declassifying records under the Act.
		The inclusion of Japanese war crimes records under the Act was confirmed formally on several occasions.
		These defendants were generally accused of conventional crimes, violations of the laws of war and civilian crimes of rape, murder and maltreatment of prisoners of war.
	www.fas.org /sgp/library/iwgreport02.html (9596 words)

	ipedia.com: International Military Tribunal for the Far East Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The International Military Tribunal for the Far East (also referred to as the IMTFE, the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal, or the Tokyo Trial) was held to try the leaders of Japan for crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity committed during World War II.
		Seven others were sentenced to death by hanging for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
		Minister of war, 1931-34; Supreme War Council, 1934-36; minister of education 1938-39; senior adviser to the cabinet, 1939-40.
	fav.ipedia.com /international_military_tribunal_for_the_far_east.html (2598 words)

	ASIA PACIFIC WAR
		Guidelines for the trials of Japanese war criminals were formulated in the Charter of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, January 19, 1946.
		The Cold War climate of fear in the 1950s allowed conservative forces in Japan to deny the country’s war crimes responsibility.
		Victims of the war, however, were left with little recourse after the closing of the military tribunals and the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty.
	www.aplconference.ca /apwbackgrounder.htm (3738 words)

	Joint Study of the Sino-Japanese War: Recent or Upcoming English-Language Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		One key impetus for recent declassification efforts, particularly for documents related to alleged Japanese war crimes or atrocities, is the Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records IWG.
		To missionaries, the war was not simply a harbinger of chaos--it was seen as an opportunity to expand the Church's influence in the context of Japanese brutality and the collapse of the Nationalist state.
		It was one of the few conferences to date that have examined the war in a regional context.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~asiactr/sino-japanese/recent_publications.htm (3306 words)

	Japan's refusal to acknowledge its war guilt and atrocities (Part 2)
		The Nanjing Massacre is one of the best documented of Japanese atrocities because independent foreign witnesses observed and recorded the horrors inflicted on the Chinese after the fall of their capital and because the Japanese foolishly left photographic records of the massacre.
		One of the leaders of an influential and growing movement to deny Japan's war crimes and prevent Japanese children learning about Japan's war guilt and atrocities is Professor Nobukatsu Fujioka of the Education Department at Tokyo University.
		Some Japanese, while ignoring or denying Japan's war guilt and many proven war crimes between 1937 and 1945, are quite happy to accuse the United States of committing a war crime by dropping atomic bombs on two Japanese cities.
	www.users.bigpond.com /battleforaustralia/JapWarCrimes/Denying_truth2.html (1660 words)

	History News Network
		I am not sure about Bix's analysis of war crimes: categories have to be broad to encompass the variety of situations he cites, and in the end it's hard to imagine a war without war crimes.
		The establishment of Manchukuo, though, did not settle the question for Chinese, and border skirmishes between Japanese forces and various Chinese forces (neighboring warlords and Communists, mostly) continued.
		The end result was the utter destruction of Japan: physical devastation, millions of deaths, tens of millions of injuries, extended occupation, social and intellectual and religious purges, and complete political reconstruction on enemy terms, not to mention decades of lingering hostility.
	hnn.us /articles/printfriendly/5247.html (1279 words)

	History News Network
		The U.S. war in Vietnam, Israel's thirty-seven-year-long occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, and the U.S. occupation-war in Iraq are three events that, when brought together with Japan's China War, illustrate the usefulness of the comparative approach.
		But we also need to use the study of war crimes to reflect on what Edward Herman calls the "global structure of interest and power" that determines which massacres become widely known and acted upon, and which are forgotten or glossed over.
		Today, in a time of perpetual American global wars and colossal American policy failures, it is incumbent on historians to condemn governments that turn their soldiers into terrorists, and work politically to punish arch war criminals.
	hnn.us /articles/printfriendly/5121.html (5291 words)

	Talk:War crimes in Manchukuo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		I am going to move large parts of this to Manchukuo (administration).
		The specific title does not happily extend to much of the current content.
		This section is moved from Manchukuo (administration), for the moment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:War_crimes_in_Manchukuo (70 words)

	The Failure of the Tokyo Trial
		In the meantime, the Commission of Crimes of the United Nations (established at London in the summer of 1943) made recommendation on the establishment of an international n-military tribunal for Japanese crimes and atrocities.
		Nevertheless, the Tokyo Trial was based upon the concepts of war crimes initiated at the Nuremberg Trial, i.e., Crimes against Peace, Crimes against Humanity, and War Crimes and Aggressive War--but without the "collective guilt" as with the crimes of the Nazis.
		The 2nd group of 23 war criminals and the 3rd group of 19 war criminals were notorious, industrial and financial magnates, warmongers engaged in ammunition trade and trafficking in drugs, as well as some less known, but equally rabid, barbaric leaders in military, political, and diplomatic spheres.
	www.centurychina.com /wiihist/japdeny/tokyo_trial.html (3029 words)

	Latest Stories and Reader Comments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Gulf War II would have little to no relation to terrorism or Sept. 11, since there is no evidence of any link between the terrorist attacks and the Iraqi regime (and not for lack of looking).
		Prior to the Gulf War, this lie was widely circulated, and was specifically cited by several senators in their speeches supporting the resolution to give President Bush (Sr.) the right to attack Iraq.
		Gulf War Syndrome may be related to the use of depleted uranium weapons (DU), the hazards of which we have mentioned in a previous bulletin.
	tokyoprogressive.org /2002_08_22_tokyoprog_archive.php?show_id=85368529 (5157 words)

	The educational encyclopedia, world war II, holocaust in Asia, POW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Japanese war crimes today of 60 years ago, many died in their pains and cries.
		North China marines as prisoners history of the North China marines as prisoners of war under the Japanese from 8 Dec 1941 to Sep 1945, fukuoka, japan, prisoner of war, north china marines, peking, tientsin, chinwangtao, world war II, slave labor, hokkaido, hakodate, POW
		Japanese war crimes beginning in 1931 or 1932 and continuing throughout the duration of the Asian/Pacific wars, the Japanese Government instituted a system of sexual slavery throughout the territories it occupied.
	users.telenet.be /educypedia/education/holocaustasia.htm (1104 words)

	THE YAMASHITA WAR CRIMES TRIAL REVISITED
		His requirement of proof of knowledge of the crimes and proof of specification in the bills was not met and he argued that the process followed departed "from the whole British-American tradition of common law and the constitution".
		Knowledge of actual crime, or of intent, must be proved, and a responsibility to "take all necessary and reasonable measures to prevent or repress or to submit the matter to the competent authorities for investigation and prosecution" is basic to the determination of guilt.
		World War II war crimes charges are now mercifully coming to a close through natural attrition, but as long as there are wars, and alas, there always will be, atrocities will occur.
	www.waikato.ac.nz /wfass/subjects/history/waimilhist/1998/yamashita.html (5180 words)

	Whiskey Bar: April 2004 Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Your decision to deny your viewers an opportunity to be reminded of war's terrible costs, in all their heartbreaking detail, is a gross disservice to the public, and to the men and women of the United States Armed Forces.
		At the head of [Manchukuo] were many members of the Chinese civilian elite well known in the region, but everyone understood that all actual power was held by the Japanese officials who served as the "advisors" and second-in-command.
		Japan and Manchukuo agree to cooperate in the maintenance of their national security; it being understood that such Japanese forces as may be necessary for this purpose shall be stationed in Manchukuo.
	billmon.org /archives/2004_04.html (14342 words)

	Axis History Forum :: View topic - Himmler Mystery
		Activities of the Interagency Working Group with respect to Japanese war crimes records The IWG first met on January 12, 1999, and subsequently has held regular meetings, conferred with scholars and other experts, engaged the services of historians of Japan and established the Historical Advisory Panel (HAP).
		Establishment and Operation of the Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group In January 1999, in accordance with the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, the President established, through Executive Order 13110, an interagency working group to oversee and coordinate implementation of the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act.
		Several smaller groups of records were returned to Japan in the early 1960s when they were relinquished by the military agencies that had retained them for use.5 The IWG and NARA have completed an analysis of the microfilmed selection of the material at the Library of Congress.
	forum.axishistory.com /viewtopic.php?t=61145 (11367 words)

	Channel 4 - History - Japan at War
		Badly translated site from the Center for Research and Documentation on Japan's War Responsibility, which nevertheless has lots of fascinating (if gruesome) pictures of 50 years of Japanese aggression in China.
		In Manchuria, before and during World War II, the Japanese army conducted numerous horrifying scientific experiments on living people, including those relating to bacteriological and chemical warfare.
		After the war, the Japanese scientists who had been engaged in these activities were granted immunity from the US Army's investigation for war crimes in return for the results of their experiments.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/H/history/i-m/japan02.html (305 words)

	Viking Phoenix Web Page: John G. Roberts on Mitsui and the Opium Monopoly Bureau (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Another authority stated that the annual revenue from the narcotization policy in China, including Manchukuo, was estimated by the Japanese military at 300 million dollars a year.
		Hoshino was one of the "nikisansuke" clique which included convicted war criminal Tojo Hideki.
		After war crimes trials following World War II, Hoshino renewed his associations with Japanese that included prominent yakuza, ultranationalists, politicians and industrialists.
	vikingphoenix.com /public/JapanIncorporated/1895-1945/mitsui-1.htm (336 words)

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