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	Black Hawk War of 1832
		By James Lewis, Ph.D. In May of 1832 Sac and Fox Indians under the leadership of Black Hawk left the Iowa territory and returned to their homes across the Mississippi River in northern Illinois.
		This project presents searchable primary source materials describing the Black Hawk War of 1832.
		It is a part of the larger Abraham Lincoln Historical Digitization Project and its attempts to use the events of Lincoln's life as a lens through which to interpret and understand broader themes of antebellum American history.
	lincoln.lib.niu.edu /blackhawk (218 words)

	Black Hawk War
		The Black Hawk War, named for the leader of a band of Sauk and Fox Indians[?], was the result of government annexation of lands in Illinois.
		Black Hawk did not sanction the sale of this land and was determined to regain the village; after a year of tension, he returned again in 1831, and Governor John Reynolds[?] proclaimed it an "invasion of the state".
		Black Hawk escaped with ten warriors and 35 women and children to Wisconsin, but on August 27 they were captured and delivered to Prairie du Chien[?].
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bl/Black_Hawk_War.html (941 words)

	War Hawk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		War Hawk is a term originally used to describe a member of the House of Representatives of the Twelfth Congress of the United States who advocated going to war against Great Britain in the War of 1812.
		The term is an allusion to the hawk (a bird of prey), and is usually contrasted with the term dovish, alluding to the more peaceful dove.
		The leader of this group was Speaker of the House Henry Clay of Kentucky; John C. Calhoun of South Carolina was another notable War Hawk.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/War_Hawk (321 words)

	World War I War Hawks
		Even though the WWI War Hawks never really made a stand on Woman’s Suffrage and their main focus was the entry into WWI, they had a huge impact on the Suffrage movement and the passage of the 19th Constitutional Amendment.
		The goal of the WWI War Hawk was to sway all political attention toward the war effort and to assure success in the military involvement.
		As the War Hawks succeeded in achieving their political goals, and raised attention toward war, issues such as Woman’s Suffrage were placed on the back burner of the American political limelight.
	www.geocities.com /cyberpza007/ww1/WorldWar1WarHawks.html (999 words)

	History of The Balck Hawk War, Utah
		The Black Hawk Indian War was the longest and most destructive conflict between pioneer immigrants and Native Americans in Utah History.
		The young Ute by no means had the support of all of the Indians of Utah, but he succeeded in uniting factions of the Ute, Paiute, and Navajo tribes into a very loose confederacy bent on plundering Mormons throughout the territory.
		The Black Hawk War erupted as a result of the pressures white expansion brought to Native American populations.
	www.onlineutah.com /blackhawkhistory.shtml (609 words)

	Blackhawk War, Illinois State Military Museum, Illinois National Guard
		The Black Hawk War, named for the leader of a band of Sauk and Fox Indians, was the result of government cession of lands in Illinois.
		Black Hawk was born in 1761 on the banks of the Rock River to the Sauk Indian tribe.
		Black Hawk and his followers did not sanction the sale of their lands, and when Black Hawk’s band returned from their hunt in the fall of 1830 to find whites occupying their village, they were determined to regain their homes.
	www.il.ngb.army.mil /museum/HistoricalEvents/Blackhawk.htm (2171 words)

	War Hawk
		War Hawk got underway for Hawaii on 21 April and, upon her arrival at Pearl Harbor on the 27th, joined the 5th Fleet Amphibious Force.
		War Hawk landed troops and equipment of the 2d Marine Division at Saipan during daylight and retired from the battle area each evening.
		At 0410 on 10 January 1945, War Hawk suddenly shuddered heavily as a Japanese suicide motorboat, laden with explosives and going full-throttle, crashed into her port side, tearing a 25-foot hole in number three hold and killing 61 men.
	www.history.navy.mil /danfs/w3/war_hawk.htm (1072 words)

	The War of 1812: War Hawks
		The War Hawks were fed up with the plodding diplomatic tactics of Presidents Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.
		From November 1811 to June 1812, the War Hawks argued for war and the requisite financial and military preparations.
		Ultimately, the War Hawks were able to convince the majority of congressmen to vote in favour of this "second struggle for liberty".
	www.galafilm.com /1812/e/background/amer_warhawk.html (309 words)

	The Story of Black Hawk
		Though not a chief by birth, Black Hawk was the recognized leader of a political faction within the Sauk nation that believed in the old ways, the way of life that existed before Europeans came to America.
		Although Black Hawk signed a treaty of peace with the United States government at the end of the war, he refused to relinquish his friendship with the British.
		The Black Hawk War of 1832 was the last Indian war fought east of the Mississippi River.
	www.blackhawkpark.org /bhw.htm (1313 words)

	The Black Hawk War
		Black Hawk, now a man of some fifty-four years, a somewhat remarkable organizer and military tactician, and for one of his race broadminded and humane, was nevertheless too easily led by the advice of others.
		A third time the Hawk sought to surrender, but his white signal was fired at, under pretense that it was a savage ruse, and round after round of canister swept the wretched camp.
		After the Civil War it was sorrowfully recalled that the price of the slaves would have been about six hundred millions, which would have been a cheap redemption from a struggle which cost eight thousand millions of dollars, besides the blood and havoc.
	www.multied.com /documents/Blackhawk.html (3460 words)

	Biography of Black Hawk
		By the age of fifteen, Black Hawk had become a "brave." To become a "brave" he needed to kill or injure an enemy in battle.
		Black Hawk and other Sauk chiefs argued that the treaty was not valid because most of the Sauk Nation was not told of the treaty, and those who signed did not represent them.
		Black Hawk lead a war party to destroy the fort and massacre the troops but withdrew when confronted with loaded cannons.
	www.madison.k12.wi.us /blackhawk/bio.htm (1135 words)

	USATODAY.com - Hawk gets war-hardened youth on (skate)board (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Tony Hawk packed his skateboard for a recent trip to Sierra Leone, even though he didn't think he'd have much time for it.
		Hawk spent four days in the war-stricken country in west Africa as a representative for the Laureus Sport For Good Foundation.
		From the capital city of Freetown, Hawk was chartered by helicopter to the town of Koidu and its surrounding communities, where the camps were held.
	www.usatoday.com /sports/2004-04-27-hawk-right-to-play_x.htm (408 words)

	www.riverroads.com - Your online guide to the Great River Road and Mississippi River. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Black Hawk fought on the side of the British in the War of 1812.
		Black Hawk himself, captured and imprisoned, was paraded around the U.S. in chains; after he died his skeleton was displayed in the governor's mansion in Iowa, like a trophy.
		Black Hawk died on October 3, 1838, of a respiratory illness.
	www.riverroads.com /grr/blackhawk.html (823 words)

	Black Hawk War
		The famous Sauk leader, Black Hawk, and his thousand followers had been expelled from Illinois in 1831, but returned from Iowa carrying seeds for planting.
		Thereafter, Black Hawk and Indian supporters joined in warfare that provoked the mobilization of about seven thousand American soldiers, bringing the first regular army troops—and the first cholera epidemic—into the Upper Great Lakes.
		Black Hawk with his son and the Winnebago Prophet, surrendered at Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, and were imprisoned until the summer of 1833.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org /pages/141.html (194 words)

	War of 1812
		The War of 1812 is one of the forgotten wars of the United States.
		The war lasted for over two years, and while it ended much like it started; in stalemate; it was in fact a war that once and for all confirmed American Independence.
		The following entries were taken from the War of 1812 section of the MultiEducator CD Rom entitled:"New Nation: America 1787-1820" chronicles the history of the United States from the writing of the Constitution through to the War of 1812.
	www.multied.com /1812 (207 words)

	Circleville Massacre, Incident in the Black Hawk War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The period of intensified raids that followed became known as the Black Hawk War (1865-68) and formed perhaps the worst Indian uprising in Utah history.
		The worst incident of the war, however, occurred in 1866 at the Mormon meetinghouse in the small Piute County town of Circleville where white settlers annihilated a band of captive Paiute Indians, including helpless women and children.
		As with most incidents during the Black Hawk War, the Circleville Massacre was viewed at the time with regret but was largely dismissed as yet another tragic example of frontier justice.
	historytogo.utah.gov /utah_chapters/american_indians/circlevillemassacre.html (1093 words)

	War critics astonished as US hawk admits invasion was illegal \| Special reports \| Guardian Unlimited
		War critics astonished as US hawk admits invasion was illegal
		President George Bush has consistently argued that the war was legal either because of existing UN security council resolutions on Iraq - also the British government's publicly stated view - or as an act of self-defence permitted by international law.
		Mr Perle, who was speaking at an event organised by the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London, had argued loudly for the toppling of the Iraqi dictator since the end of the 1991 Gulf war.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Iraq/Story/0,2763,1089158,00.html (744 words)

	BLACK HAWK WAR HISTORY and INDIAN DEPREDATIONS IN UTAH
		By the time the Mormon War with the Ute Indian had started in 1865, Ute leaders Chief Black Hawk, and Chief Tabiona would become friends of Peter as he was invited into their camps on numerous occasions during the war.
		The name Black Hawk is engraved upon headstones, written on signs, businesses are named after him, yet we know little about the man or that the name "Black Hawk" was not his real name and furthermore that it is not a Ute name.
		In 1996 under the protection of federal law, the family of Ute leader Chief Black Hawk were at last able to rescue his bones from a storage box in a basement room at BYU and rebury their beloved grandfather at Spring Lake, Utah.
	www.blackhawkwarutah.com (3852 words)

	Black Hawk Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Black Hawk and his band, consisting of some 400 warriors and approximately 1000 women, children and old men, reoccupied the village and refused to leave when so ordered by Governor John Reynolds of Illinois Territory, Black Hawk claiming (correctly) that he and his followers were not signatories to the Corn Treaty.
		Black Hawk and his band (often referred to as "the British band" in contemporary literature) withdrew from Saukenuk and conducted a fighting rearguard action to protect the women and children as they retreated north up the Rock River in Illinois and across Wisconsin [10].
		Undoubtedly, Black Hawk was the leader of the Indians -- certainly he was involved in the fighting -- so both he and Zachary Taylor met in battle before the Black Hawk War of 1832.
	www.jp29.org /blackhawk.htm (1512 words)

	History - USS War Hawk - AP-168 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The USS War Hawk (AP-168) was a LaSalle Class built at the Moore Dry Dock Company in Oakland California in 1942.
		The War Hawk was a LaSalle Class Transport with a displacement of almost 14,000 tons.
		The official history of the War Hawk indicates that her keel was laid on 24 December 1942.
	home.pacbell.net /lesds/WarHawk/History.html (150 words)

	TAP: Vol 12, Iss. 19. Bush's War Hawk. Jason Vest. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		During the Gulf War, Wolfowitz was infuriated with then–General Colin Powell and others who believed that once the UN mandate of expelling Saddam's forces from Kuwait was fulfilled, the war was effectively over; Wolfowitz wanted to go to Baghdad and destroy Saddam completely.
		But around the end of the Gulf War, Wolfowitz was anything but circumspect, arguing not only for a final push to Baghdad but, later and more vociferously, for fielding U.S. forces in support of the ill-fated Kurdish and Shia intifadas against Saddam.
		As George W. Bush has cast the battle as a war against terrorism wherever it may be, Wolfowitz and others have reportedly argued that this approach necessitates taking the fight not just to Iraq but to Syria and Lebanon--which would please the Israelis to no end.
	www.prospect.org /print/V12/19/vest-j.html (1039 words)

	The Blackhawk War
		The Black Hawk War was one of numerous confrontations between pioneer settlers and the Native Americans.
		Black Hawk War A more comprehensive description of the 1831 war between the settlers of Illinois and the followers of Black Hawk.
		Coles County Soldiers Serving in the Black Hawk War of 1832 Muster roll of Coles County, Illinois soldiers in the Second Brigade Illinois Mounted Volunteers.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~coppe/blackhawk.html (1913 words)

	lllinois Black Hawk War Veterans Database
		Abbreviations used in the Illinois Black Hawk War Veterans database.
		This database of Black Hawk War Veterans indexes the first volume of Ellen M. Whitney's The Black Hawk War 1831-1832.
		Since the Archives record series, Black Hawk War Records (RS 301.007) has been found to be grossly inaccurate, the Archives provides copies of the soldier's entry in Whitney's book.
	www.sos.state.il.us /departments/archives/blkhawk.html (354 words)

	NPR : Long-time War Hawk, Murtha Is An Angry Dove
		A decorated Vietnam War veteran -- one who has spent more than three decades on Capitol Hill as a behind-the-scenes power broker -- his thoughts and pronouncements on military matters and defense policy are respected on both sides of the aisle.
		During the 2004 vice presidential debate, when he was asked what he could do about the "deeply divided electorate," Dick Cheney acknowledged that it was a "disappointment," and went on to say that things used to be different.
		Following Murtha's blistering attack Thursday on the Bush administration's war policy, he was asked about comments from the president and vice president calling it "irresponsible" for Democrats to criticize the war.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=5018733 (1002 words)

	Native Americans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Black Hawk, a Sauk chief, lent his name to the frontier war that gave Abraham Lincoln his one experience in soldiering.
		Born near Rock Island, Illinois, the future war chief grew up during the period of Spanish ascendancy in the Mississippi Valley.
		During the War of 1812, Black Hawk (whose Indian name was Makataimeshekiakiak) fought for the British under the leadership of the famous Tecumseh.
	www.npg.si.edu /col/native/blkhwk.htm (227 words)

	Black Hawk War
		Black Hawk (1767-1838), a war leader of the Sauk and Fox, was an outspoken critic of relocation and had a history of being a thorn in the side of the U.S. government.
		The natives under Black Hawk's command retreated northward ahead of the combined militia and regular forces, moving from northern Illinois into present-day southwestern Wisconsin.
		As for the Black Hawk War, one of the most discreditable punitive expeditions in the long and checkered history of American relations with the Aborigines.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h336.html (989 words)

	'Sheehan thrashing 'war hawk' Hillary
		Cindy Sheehan, the so-called "peace mom" on a crusade to end U.S. involvement in the Iraq war, is publicly blasting Sen. Hillary Clinton, D-N.Y., for her continued support of the ongoing conflict.
		The California woman, whose son Casey was killed fighting insurgents in Iraq, launched an anti-war movement when she camped outside President Bush's Crawford, Texas, ranch in August and demanded to meet with the commander in chief, drawing national media attention.
		She was granted a meeting with Sen. Clinton to discuss the war effort, but says the Democrat "apparently" didn't listen, as the senator told a reporter for the Village Voice, "My bottom line is that I don't want their sons to die in vain.
	www.propagandamatrix.com /articles/october2005/201005warhawk.htm (413 words)

	Henry Clay's War Hawks Win A Victory Over British Terrorism
		Clay's war drive was also backed by Felix Grundy of Tennessee and many westerners, and by former Presidents John Adams and Thomas Jefferson -- all of them disgusted with the policy of surrender.
		Clay immediately appointed War Hawks as leaders of all the important House committees: New York's Peter B. Porter to Foreign Relations, South Carolina's Langdon Cheves to Naval Affairs, and likewise to Military Affairs, and Ways and Means.
		But the Baltimore War Hawk paper, Niles' Register, urged that Gallatin's deliberate attack on their cause be absorbed: People will pay the proposed taxes "to defend their lives from the tomahawk, their persons from the pressgang, their government from treason, and their property from theft." Undaunted, Clay's Congress passed the taxes.
	members.tripod.com /~american_almanac/warhawk.htm (2147 words)

	The Face of War: Black Hawk Down Brings the Experience Home
		War films abound, and those that stand the test of time do so because they touch the humanity of people involved in inhumane actions.
		Ridley Scott's Black Hawk Down is being hailed as one of the best in this genre, a film that brings viewers directly into the experience of war, without compromise.
		Based on the best-selling novel by Mark Bowden, Black Hawk Down is the true story of a U.S. mission in Somalia in October 1993 where U.S. soldiers were dropped by helicopter into the capital city of Mogadishu to abduct two of the Somali warlord's lieutenants.
	www.avid.com /profiles/020325_blackHawk_composer.asp?featureID=245 (1285 words)

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