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Topic: War Industries Board

	Price-Control In United States - LoveToKnow 1911
		On Dec. 11 1918 the War Industries Board issued a statement to the effect that, since it would cease to function after Jan. 1 1919, no new price agreements would be entered into by the Price-Fixing Committee and that all prices theretofore fixed would be allowed to expire by limitation.
		When a commandeer order was to be issued the practice developed of having the chief in charge of that division of the War Industries Board which dealt with that commodity approve the order in which the price was named.
		Had the war continued much longer, there can be little doubt that adjustments in railway rates would have become an important part of the price-fixing programme.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Price-Control_In_United_States (3802 words)

	War Collectivism in World War I by Murray N. Rothbard
		It was a "war collectivism," a totally planned economy run largely by big-business interests through the instrumentality of the central government, which served as the model, the precedent, and the inspiration for state corporate capitalism for the remainder of the twentieth century.
		Heart and soul of the mechanism of control of industry by the WIB were its sixty-odd commodity sections, committees supervising the various groups of commodities, which were staffed almost exclusively by businessmen from the respective industries.
		The Industrial Board, conceived by Ritter in January, 1919, and enthusiastically adopted and pushed by Secretary Redfield, was a cunning scheme.
	www.lewrockwell.com /rothbard/rothbard91.html (11194 words)

	Compensation from before World War I through the Great Depression
		For the emergency period during the War, union representatives on that board won the right of workers to join unions and not be discharged for union activity.
		Not until the war was nearly over in late 1918, however, was funding allocated for the Bureau to undertake wage surveys for use in the solution of labor problems in a number of industries and to provide a record of industrial conditions at the height of the war effort.
		In place of the periodic study of major industries, the Bureau studies of minimum wage and maximum hour provisions were needed for industries to meet the "codes of fair competition" required by the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) of 1933.
	www.bls.gov /opub/cwc/cm20030124ar03p1.htm (4590 words)

	Political Friendster - US War Industries Board - Connections
		Chairman of the War Industries Board and known as the Czar of American industry.
		In 1918, Samuel Bush became director of the Facilities Division of the War Industries Board.
		Many of the Wall Street Bankers who headed the War Board were business partners with the directors of the intelligence operations keeping the secrets among the same circle of friends.
	www.politicalfriendster.com /showPerson.php?id=2618&name=US-War-Industries-Board (1152 words)

	Mobilization
		While World War II continues to absorb the interest of military scholars and historians, as well as its veterans, a generation of Americans has grown to maturity largely unaware of the political, social, and military implications of a war that, more than any other, united us as a people with a common purpose.
		Industrial mobilization planning, as understood by the end of the 1920s, concerned all activities necessary to ensure the success and minimize the burdens of wartime procurement.
		The board was six weeks old when a hostile public reaction, based on the lack of labor or farm representatives, convinced the president to abandon it.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/brochures/Mobilization/mobpam.htm (6790 words)

	World War I Posters
		This was the music to which America went to war in 1917 –; a music that knew no racial or ethnic boundaries in a war that, sadly, ended by reinforcing ethnic and racial boundaries in much of the world.
		US in which a Socialist opposed to the war was fined and sent to jail for arguing that America's policy of conscription amounted to a violation of the 13th Amendment ban on involuntary servitude Eugene V. Debs was sentenced to ten years in prison for criticizing the war.
		After the war white workers were determined to regain their place in the economy and to ensure that African Americans would not challenge white supremacy.
	www.columbia.edu /~rr91/1052_2002/lectures_2002/world_war_i1.htm (4548 words)

	NSLA - Archives & Records - Nevada Territory
		Its membership consisted of the Secretaries of War, Navy, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, and Labor, with the Secretary of War serving as chairman.
		The war effectively ended with the armistice in November 1918, and the Council assumed that it would cease operations early in 1919.
		Other matters addressed are War Risk Insurance, reemployment of veterans, "Americanization" of the foreign-born (with emphasis on the use and teaching of the English language), non-war construction, involvement of women in the war effort, the illegal sale of liquor to servicemen, explosives, and detection of deserters.
	dmla.clan.lib.nv.us /docs/nsla/archives/archival/spboards/cdwwi.htm (1325 words)

	America 1910-1919: Business and the Economy History: The War Industries Board \| American Decades
		The WIB, created in July 1917, was established to mobilize the nation's resources for war while protecting the economy's basic structure and character for the peace that was to follow.
		The WIB continues to spark debate among historians and economists as a model of the proper relationship between government and the economy.
		The WIB began as a subordinate body of the council but soon outgrew its parent in importance until President Wilson made it a separate agency in March 1918 and named Wall Street broker Bernard M. Baruch as its new leader.
	www.bookrags.com /history/america-1910s-business-and-the-economy/sub16.html (591 words)

	Rothbard on War
		The State thrives on war – unless, of course, it is defeated and crushed – expands on it, glories in it.
		It culminated in World War I economic planning, for the war consisted of a totally collectivized economy headed by the sainted and revered Bernard Mannes Baruch, head of the War Industries Board.
		Revolutionary war is a war against the state apparatus, a war from below by the armed public.
	www.antiwar.com /orig/rothbard_on_war.html (3763 words)

	Guide to Federal Records - Records of the War Industries Board
		Records of the Domestic Wool Section, War Industries Board, in RG 83, Records of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics.
		Munitions Standards Board absorbed by General Munitions Board, created by Council of National Defense resolution, March 31, 1917, to coordinate munitions purchases for the army and navy, assist in the acquisition of raw materials and manufacturing facilities, and establish order priorities.
		Subject correspondence of the secretary, War Industries Board, 1917-19.
	www.archives.gov /research/guide-fed-records/groups/061.html (702 words)

	Oregon & World War One: Before the War - Mobilizing for total war
		The "total war" of World War I dwarfed the scope of the mobilization needed for previous foreign wars, such as the Mexican War and the Spanish-American War.
		On the eve of war, military supplies and manpower had fallen to their lowest levels since the Civil War.
		To gear up for war, a system of district and local draft boards had to be set up throughout the country.
	arcweb.sos.state.or.us /exhibits/war/intro/mobilization.html (561 words)

	H-Net Review: Kendrick A. Clements on Mobilizing for Modern War The Political Economy of American ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		By the time of the Spanish-American War, the foundations of such relationships had been laid, and the Navy was therefore in a reasonably good position to call upon the full resources of industrial America when World War I began.
		By necessity, the administration turned to cooperation with business in order to mobilize for war, but they were unwilling to give the agencies entrusted with the task specific powers, they emphasized voluntarism, and they insisted that the whole wispy structure must be dismantled as soon as the war was over.
		Since, as Koistinen says, the War Industries Board was the chief mobilization agency, he is correct to see it as indicative of the administration's general direction, but the concurrent existence of other approaches suggests that there was no clear commitment to any single ideal.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=21749919959575 (1291 words)

	World War I
		The World War I military strategy of defending a position by fighting from the protection of deep ditches was known as _____.
		The head of the War Industries Board during World War I was _____.
		Soon after the war started, both sides dug-in and this resulted in the use of _____ for the rest of the war in France.
	www.iq.poquoson.org /wwi.htm (819 words)

	Mobilizing for Modern War
		Mobilizing for Modern War, the second of an extraordinary five-volume study on the political economy of American warfare, highlights the emergence of this pivotal relationship.
		In this volume, Koistinen examines war planning and mobilizing in an era of rapid industrialization and reveals how economic mobilization for defense and war is shaped at the national level by the interaction of political, economic, and military institutions and by increasingly powerful and expensive weaponry.
		A similar team was brought together again between 1915 and 1918 as the War Industries Board to mobilize the economy for World War I, and it became the model for subsequent industrial mobilization planning.
	www.kansaspress.ku.edu /koimob.html (512 words)

	War Collectivism in World War I
		It is little wonder that the men who dealt with the industries of a nation… meditated with a sort of intellectual contempt on the huge hit-and-miss confusion of peacetime industry, with its perpetual cycle of surfeit and dearth and its internal attempt at adjustment after the event.
		Industry was for the time in… a golden age of harmony," and freed from the menace of business losses.
		In a notable article, Professor Leuchtenburg saw the war collectivism as "a logical outgrowth of the Progressive movement."[53] He demonstrated the enthusiasm of the Progressive intellectuals for the social transformation effected by the war.
	www.mises.org /web/2024 (10636 words)

	HyperWar: The Big 'L'--American Logistics in World War II [Chapter 2]
		World War II was a war of superlatives when it came to contracting and procurement; 'most' became the adjective of choice.
		It was a war that involved the most money, produced the most materiel and equipment, bought the most things, and expanded the industrial base and the economy to unprecedented degrees.
		The expansion of the aircraft industry, during World War II, and by implication the acquisition of the infrastructure as well as the equipment itself, was perhaps the most dramatic development of the period.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/USA/BigL/BigL-2.html (14244 words)

	World War I
		World War I, or The Great War, began when a Serbian nationalist assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914.
		The Atlantic Ocean separated the U.S. from the war and its large immigrant population (one-third of the U.S. population according to the 1910 census) encouraged Americans not to take sides.
		On April 2, 1917, Wilson asked Congress to declare war, arguing "the world must be made safe for democracy." Wilson reorganized the federal government to coordinate almost every phase of the war: production of weapons and war materials (the War Industries Board), workers (the War Labor Board), and transportation (the Railway Board).
	www.nps.gov /elro/glossary/world-war-1.htm (878 words)

	War Production Board - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The purpose of the board was to regulate the production and allocation of materials and fuel during World War II in the United States.
		During World War II, the government needed to ensure that the armed forces and war industries received the resources for thier ever-growing need.
		Labor unions offered "no strike pledges" during the war, although few were kept, and taxes in general were raised, all in an effort to get the country prepared for war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/War_Production_Board (644 words)

	Economic Impact
		The Rise of the Gunbelt: The Military Remapping of Industrial America.
		The War Economy in the United States: Readings on Military Industry and Economy.
		Siegelbaum, Lewis H. The Politics of Industrial Mobilization: A Study of the War Industries Committee.
	www.cmu.edu /coldwar/econ.htm (913 words)

	The Economics of World War I
		After surveying the U.S. mobilization and financing for the war, Rockoff concludes that perhaps the greatest impact of World War I was a shift in the landscape of ideas about economics and about the proper role of government in economic activities.
		The War Revenue Act of 1917 taxed "excess profits" -- profits exceeding an amount determined by the rate of return on capital in a base period -- by some 20 to 60 percent, and the tax rate on income starting at $50,000 rose from 1.5 percent in 1913-15 to more than 18 percent in 1918.
		For example, the War Industries Board attempted to create a "priorities system" for determining the order in which producers would fill government contracts for industrial goods.
	www.nber.org /digest/jan05/w10580.html (767 words)

	What if Congress Declared War?: Newsroom: The Independent Institute
		Some say Congress should declare war to clarify the aims of the Yugoslav campaign and clear away objections to expanding it, including the use of ground troops or even an invasion of Yugoslavia.
		Declaring war might be a way for Congress to cover its constitutional bases, but legal scholars and wartime historians warn that a declared war would make more of a difference here in the U.S. than in Yugoslavia.
		President Truman also seized control of the steel industry in the midst of a strike, but that move was later ruled unconstitutional.
	www.independent.org /tii/news/ibd_war.html (1394 words)

	William J. Clinton Foundation "President Names Two to Fed Prison Industries Board"
		Federal Prison Industries Incorporated was created in 1934 under the Federal Bureau of Prisons to provide work and training opportunities for federal inmates.
		The Board of Directors provides guidance to the FPI so that it can accomplish its mission of employing as many inmates as possible without unduly impacting private industry.
		The major functions of the Board include: (1) responsibility for general policies and long range corporate plans; (2) establishing new industries; (3) establishing pricing policy; and (4) requesting authority from the Secretary of the Treasury to invest FPI funds.
	www.clintonfoundation.org /legacy/042895-president-names-two-to-fed-prison-industries-board.htm (401 words)

	'Dynasty of Death'
		They are not alone and solely responsible for creating the present day military industrial complex, however since 1915 the Bush family has been directly involved in World War One and Two, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, numerous CIA secret wars, the Gulf War, and now a “Never Ending War”.
		Although the “Hitler Project” had resulted in a second world war and 62,537,400 human beings had been killed, Harriman and Bush and the other Bonesmen in Union Banking Corporation were never prosecuted for helping Adolph Hitler, and their identities were never publicized by the media.
		General Omar Bradley described the entire debacle as "The wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time and with the wrong enemy." But it was never the wrong war for the merchants of death and the Bonesmen, as war made big money.
	www.globalresearch.ca /index.php?context=viewArticle&code=EBB20061022&articleId=3558 (2236 words)

	War Industries Board - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The War Industries Board (WIB) was a United States government agency established on July 28, 1917 during World War I and reorganized in 1918 under the leadership of Bernard M. Baruch.
		The WIB also dealt with labor-management disputes resulting from the war's increased demand for products.
		The government could not negotiate prices and could not handle worker strikes, so the WIB regulated the two to decrease tensions by stopping strikes with wage increases to prevent a shortage of supplies going to the war in Europe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/War_Industries_Board (229 words)

	Unit Ten: The War at Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Any significant public criticism of the war was legally prohibited by several laws including the Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918; over a thousand American citizens were arrested and jailed, especially Socialists and Anarchists, most notably Eugene Debs, perennial Socialist candidate for President.
		Many women activists were split over whether or not to support the war, fearing that if they did not they would set back the push for women's suffrage once the war was over.
		There was considerable popular support for the men of the AEF and their participation in the Great War was reflected in several popular songs, especially "Over There" by popular composer George M. Cohan.
	jefferson.village.virginia.edu /seminar/unit10/home.html (274 words)

	Bush book: Chapter -1-
		With the war mobilization conducted under the supervision of the War Industries Board, U.S. consumers and taxpayers showered unprecedented fortunes on war producers and certain holders of raw materials and patents.
		The public need not know details of the private lives of the government or industry executives involved, and a broad interrelationship between government and private-sector personnel is normal and useful.
		But during the period preceding World War I, and in the war years 1914-1917 when the U.S. was still neutral, interlocking Wall Street financiers subservient to British strategy lobbied heavily, and twisted U.S. government and domestic police functions.
	www.tarpley.net /bush1.htm (4520 words)

	CNN Cold War - Profile: John Foster Dulles
		Born in Washington, D.C., on February 25, 1888, John Foster Dulles -- son of a Presbyterian minister and grandson of a former secretary of state -- enjoyed a privileged youth.
		During World War I Dulles worked at the War Industries Board and later served at the Versailles Peace Conference.
		In 1945, Dulles became a prominent Republican participant in bipartisan foreign policy endeavors, serving as senior U.S. adviser to the 1945 San Francisco conference of the United Nations.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/foster.dulles (453 words)

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