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	Requiem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Requiem or Requiem Mass, also known formally (in Latin) as the Missa pro defunctis or Missa defunctorum, is a liturgical service of the Roman Catholic Church and its Eastern Rite.
		Among the earliest examples of this type are the German requiems composed in the 17th century by Schütz and Praetorius, whose works are Lutheran adaptations of the Catholic requiem, and which provided inspiration for the mighty German Requiem by Brahms.
		The genre of war requiems is perhaps the most notable, which comprise of compositions dedicated to the memory of people killed in wartime.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Requiem (2199 words)

	War Requiem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The War Requiem is a requiem composed by Benjamin Britten for the reconsecration of Coventry Cathedral on May 30, 1962 following its destruction during World War II.
		The War Requiem premiere took place on May 30, 1962, in the rebuilt cathedral and was a triumph, achieving an impact matched by few works in the twentieth century.
		Britten, who had been a staunch pacifist during the war, chose several poems by Owen, an English soldier and war poet who had been killed near the close of World War I, as a contrast with the Latin liturgy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/War_Requiem (628 words)

	The War Requiem
		The War Requiem was written for the reconsecration of Coventry Cathedral (the old cathedral is pictured at left), and was first performed there 30 May 1962.
		The War Requiem was not meant to be a pro-British piece or a glorification of British soldiers, but a public statement of Britten's anti-war convictions.
		In total contrast to The Spirit of England, written by Britten's compatriot Edward Elgar, the War Requiem was a decidedly antiwar piece.
	www.cco.caltech.edu /~tan/Britten/britwar.html (705 words)

	‘War Requiem’ (PG)
		"War Requiem," which opens today at the Biograph, is not exactly a movie; it is the most sustained, elaborate and intensely emotional music video in the short history of that genre.
		The Requiem Mass was already powerful enough -- a religious experience shaped collectively by all of Christian Europe through centuries of repetition; a literary text that has inspired great music from many composers, including Mozart, Berlioz and Verdi.
		The soundtrack of Jarman's film is the 1963 recording of the "War Requiem" conducted by Britten with the singers for whom he had written it: soprano Galina Vishnevskaya, tenor Peter Pears and baritone Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/warrequiempgmclellan_a09eb3.htm (468 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Benjamin Britten's War Requiem
		Britten was a lifelong pacifist and the War Requiem is about the brutality and futility of war, along with the senseless suffering and monstrous death and destruction that it brings.
		The War Requiem was written in 1961, the year of the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, the construction of the Berlin Wall, and the escalation of US involvement in Vietnam.
		The War Requiem is scored for a large orchestra with piano and grand organ, with another (smaller) orchestra, a large double mixed choir, a boys' choir with organ or harmonium, and soprano, tenor and baritone soloists.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A735734 (2567 words)

	Britten, Owen and the War Requiem
		The War Requiem was composed of the Missa pro defunctis (the Mass for the Dead), and the poetry of Wilfred Owen, a British soldier who died in W.W.I.
		In 1939, there was war stirring in Europe again and Britten, who abhorred war to the point of almost failing out of school for a pacifistic essay he wrote, decided to emigrate to America.
		In the Requiem Aeternam, a short Kyrie, often commented in the analysis as one of the shortest ever, is meant to draw attention to the plea for peace rather than the ornamental purpose it generally serves.
	www.haverford.edu /engl/english354/GreatWar/Requiem/WarRequiempage.html (3857 words)

	Amazon.com: Music: Britten - War Requiem / Vishnievskaya · Pears · Fischer-Dieskau · LSO · Britten (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Britten - War Requiem / Vishnievskaya · Pears · Fischer-Dieskau · LSO · Britten
		Benjamin Britten's "War Requiem" is one of the most well-known choral works to emerge from Britain in this last century, although it is not a true Requiem in that it combines the Latin Mass for the Dead with excerpts from the celebrated poetry of the tragic First World War victim Wilfred Owen.
		One is reminded that the War Requiem was premiered at Coventry Cathedral in 1962, destroyed by German bombs the ruins stand by the new cathedral as a testament to the senseless destruction of war.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B0000041Q5?v=glance (2647 words)

	INKPOT#83 CLASSICAL MUSIC REVIEWS: Requiem Issue - BRITTEN War Requiem.
		However, the War Requiem, written for the consecration of the rebuilt Coventry Cathedral (destroyed in 1941 during the war), taps his tendencies to greater and deeper effect.
		This requiem is not simply a public commemoration of the victims of war, but an expression of the personal belief that war, while repulsive, can give rise to a level of emotion quite different from those propagated through oft-repeated rituals of religious observance.
		War, which means the killing of another human being, seems to always come to one conclusion as far as many who would express their feeling against it are concerned: that ultimately, the enemy one kills is ultimately a human being just like yourself.
	inkpot.com /classical/brittenwar.html (2283 words)

	Encyclopedia: War Requiem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The requiem, also known formally as the Mass of Requiem, is a liturgical service of the Roman Catholic Church and its Eastern Rite.
		A Norwegian soldier (a Corporal, armed with an MP-5) A soldier is a person who has enlisted with, or has been conscripted into, the armed forces of a sovereign country and has undergone training and received equipment to defend that country or its interests.
		The term war poet came into currency during and after World War I. A number of poets writing in English had been soldiers, and had written about that experience.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/War-Requiem (1545 words)

	Benjamin Britten's War Requiem
		War Requiem was written for the reconsecration of the new Coventry Cathedral (built after the original was destroyed in the Blitz in 1942) and was first performed in May 1962 as a public statement of Britten's anti-war convictions.
		It was a statement by the composer of the senselessness and horror of war, highlighted by the fact that he wrote it for three specific soloists - Russian, German and British.
		War Requiem received immediate critical acclaim and was hailed as a masterpiece.
	www.britishcouncil.org.il /arts/music/2001-requiem.htm (408 words)

	Rostropovich opens the season of City Forum performances with Britten's “War Requiem” · Forum 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		“War Requiem” is the work that will be conducted by cellist and orchestra conductor, Mstisalv Rostropovich, on 14 May at the Barcelona Auditorium.
		The message it conveys is a tribute to those who died in the war and to the need to achieve the reconstruction and reconciliation of peoples.
		The composition is a reflection of the fear and terror of wartime conflict and the absurdity it represents.
	www.barcelona2004.org /eng/actualidad/noticias/html/f041705.htm (571 words)

	MetroActive Music \| Benjamin Britten's War Requiem
		The chorus, which sings the requiem mass in Latin, is joined by a female soprano soloist, who, according to Kahane, represents the angels and divine nature.
		This juxtaposition of the ancient and imposing words of the mass with Owen's vivid poetry, literally written on the battlefield during World War I, conveys a provocative sense of irony as the comforting simplicity of the mass is repeatedly answered by the dying soldiers' cries of anguish and bewilderment.
		It is ironic, certainly, to be singing the words of Owens--who died on the battlefield in "the war to end all wars"--as, simultaneously, atrocities are being committed and bombs are being dropped on the other side of the planet.
	www.metroactive.com /papers/sonoma/04.08.99/requiem-9914.html (1199 words)

	[No title]
		His Sinfonia da Requiem, too, is infused with a sense of the "terror and ghastliness of war" (2, 33).
		Britten also conceived of the War Requiem as a healing work, deliberately choosing soloists from countries involved in the war, the solo parts were specifically for soloists of British, German, and Russian ancestry; they were Peter Pears, Dietrich Fischer-Diskau, and Galina Vishnevskaya, respectively.
		Throughout the War Requiem, Britten uses the boy's choir to portray innocence and hope, and the soprano/chorus ensemble interjects traditional words of solace from the liturgy; however the irony of these comforting notions in contrast to the tale of the British and German soldiers is relentless.
	www.calstatela.edu /centers/Wagner/requiem.htm (2071 words)

	ipedia.com: War Requiem Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The War Requiem is a requiem composed by Benjamin Britten for the reconsecration of Coventry Cathedral on May 30 1962 following its destruction during the Battle of Britain in World War II.
		The requiem was written for soprano, tenor and baritone soloists, choir, boys' choir and orchestra.
		An interpretation of Britten's War Requiem was performed by the English Chamber Choir at Your Country Needs You, an evening of voices in opposition to war organised by The Crass Collective in November 2002.
	www.ipedia.com /war_requiem.html (284 words)

	JS Online: 'War Requiem' plays as well in present as past
		Benjamin Britten's "War Requiem" sounded like a necessity Friday night when the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra and Chorus played it - and not only for those opposed to war in general or to this one in particular.
		The "War Requiem" is a deep, heavy, resigned sigh of a funeral Mass, a clear-eyed and unsentimental gaze at the endless hell we as a species manage to create for ourselves.
		In this Requiem, the solace of religion sits at the bony elbow of its nationalist cheerleading and empty pieties, and bravery is at once celebrated and regretted.
	www.jsonline.com /onwisconsin/arts/jun05/332984.asp (531 words)

	War Requiem
		The opening line is "Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine: et lux perpetua luceat eis" (Lord, grant them eternal rest; and let the perpetual light shine upon them).
		Could view his "War Requiem" as a "pop video" made for a piece of classical music.
		Jarman's use of war as metaphor for gay men living in an oppressive heterosexual society.
	homepage.mac.com /dmhart/WarFilms/OldGuides/WarRequiem.html (1337 words)

	Featured Works - War Requiem - brittenpears.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The ensuing commission, War Requiem, was not the first result of Britten seizing an opportunity to promote his own viewpoint or ideology.
		Dedicated to the memory of four friends, War Requiem is a profound and deeply disturbing creed, particularly notable for its juxtaposition of war poems by Wilfred Owen alongside the Catholic Mass for the Dead.
		Malcolm Boyd, ‘Britten, Verdi and the Requiem’, Tempo, 86 (1968), 2.
	www.brittenpears.org /?page=britten/works/requiem.html (908 words)

	Britten: War Requiem, BBC Symphony Orchestra, Leonard Slatkin, Barbican Hall, Saturday November 10th. (M.E.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Part of the War Requiem's unique appeal is that it seems to speak to many who are not so greatly moved by the equivalent masterpieces of, say, Mozart or Verdi, whose influences on the present work are of course so profound.
		Perhaps it is the original use made of English words, or the sheer melodic grace of much of the music, or the operatic drama of most of the settings - or perhaps it is just the nature of the piece itself, with its emotional connections to last century's not-so-distant history.
		A respectful silence and a warm ovation greeted a performance which had achieved that elusive combination of drama and tenderness, and which gained all the more for being heard in the context of the newly spacious and welcoming acoustic of the Barbican hall.
	www.musicweb-international.com /SandH/2001/Nov01/war-requiem.htm (666 words)

	Warsaw Voice - War Requiem in Warsaw
		It opened the concert season Sept. 31 with a program that included Benjamin Britten's War Requiem, written in 1962 on the occasion of the reconsecration of Coventry Cathedral, which was destroyed in a German bombing raid in 1940 and subsequently rebuilt.
		Britten's War Requiem is an outstanding anti-war work.
		War Requiem requires a great number of performers-a large orchestra with a developed brass section and an organ, a chamber orchestra consisting of 12 musicians, two choirs (a boys' choir and a mixed one) and three soloists.
	www.warsawvoice.pl /archiwum.phtml/11240 (348 words)

	Politics \| War requiem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The unreported deaths of tens of thousands of Iraqi civilians (Report, October 29) is yet one more obscenity in the illegal war against Iraq.
		Next Tuesday, there will be a reading of the names of those who have died in that war, in towns and cities throughout Britain, as well as abroad.
		When they were sent to war in Iraq they believed this country was in danger of imminent attack.
	politics.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,5051413-111381,00.html (206 words)

	Requiem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Requiem was perhaps the most prominent and powerful of the Nazi villains, serving the Axis powers during World War II as the leader of the Fifth Column.
		It's assumed that he (or someone claiming to be the Nazi war criminal) secretly rebuilt his Fifth Column, gathering resources and soldiers for his covert war.
		The current Requiem might be the Nazi villain of old, or could be another individual using the same villainous identity.
	home1.gte.net /res71atq/id59.html (455 words)

	An American Requiem, Pacific Symphony Orchestra by Ruth Ruggles Akers and Karl Lozier
		A requiem, or celebration Mass for the dead, is documented as far back as the late second century, although the practice probably began even earlier.
		There are hints of the earlier requiems: for example, the rhythm of the opening word "requiem" (listen to Verdi), as well as the solo on "Sanctus" and the chorus of locusts on "Pleni sunt coeli," both of which are reminiscent of Britten.
		Considering the recent War in Iraq and the United States' involvement in the efforts to establish some semblance of peace in the Middle East, this is a particularly timely topic for 2003.
	www.enjoythemusic.com /magazine/music/0603/american.htm (2260 words)

	Medialunchbox - Music : Britten - War Requiem / Vishnievskaya · Pears · Fischer-Dieskau · LSO · Britten (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Britten's use of the poems in the traditional Requiem mass is inspired and, as pointed out in the booklet, caused a "bump" when it was first heard, it being unexpected that a poet would deal with war so directly.
		Benjamin Britten wrote the War Requiem as a pacifist.
		It was that the Soviet authorities at the time deemed the work too controversial or some such BS, and didn't allow her to leave the country for the...
	www.medialunchbox.com /ItemId/B0000041Q5 (518 words)

	War Requiem -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Between them the soprano and choirs sing the traditional (Any dialect of the language of ancient Rome) Latin requiem text.
		Interspersed throughout, the tenor and baritone sing (A composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines) poems by (Click link for more info and facts about Wilfred Owen) Wilfred Owen, accompanied by the chamber orchestra.
		A famous recording, featuring Vishnevskaya, Fischer-Dieskau and Pears, with the (Click link for more info and facts about London Symphony Orchestra) London Symphony Orchestra conducted by Britten, was produced in 1963.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/w/wa/war_requiem.htm (215 words)

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