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Topic: War in Defense of the Constitution

	CalendarHome.com - Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Calendar Encyclopedia
		The Constitution abolished pernicious parliamentary institutions such as the liberum veto, which at one time had placed the sejm at the mercy of any deputy who might choose, or be bribed by an interest or foreign power, to undo all the legislation that had been passed by that sejm.
		In the War in Defense of the Constitution, Poland was betrayed by its Prussian ally Frederick William II and defeated by the Imperial Russia of Catherine the Great, allied with the Targowica Confederation, a cabal of Polish magnates who opposed reforms that might weaken their influence.
		The Constitution abolished several institutional sources of government weakness and national anarchy, including the liberum veto, confederations, confederated sejms (paradoxically, the Four-Year Sejm was itself a confederated sejm), and the excessive sway of sejmiks (regional sejms) stemming from the binding nature of their instructions to their Sejm deputies.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /Constitution_of_third_May.htm (3510 words)

	Liberty Library of Constitutional Classics
		A Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America, John Adams (1787-89) — Comprehensive historical review of how various national constitutions worked, with quotes from political philosophers and historians, that influenced the Founders in their drafting of state and federal constitutions.
		New Views of the Constitution of the United States, John Taylor (1823) — A discourse on the constitutional nature of the American union reflecting views of Jefferson and Madison.
		The American Republic: its Constitution, Tendencies, and Destiny, O. Brownson (1866) — Argument against secession, distinguishes the constitution of government from the underlying constitution of the society, and territorial from socialistic or egoistic democracy.
	www.constitution.org /liberlib.htm (3707 words)

	Polish-Russian War of 1792 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		War in Defense of the Constitution or Polish-Russian War of 1792 took place in 1792 between Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth on one side, and the Targowica Confederation and the Russian Empire on the other.
		The forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, loyal to the King and the Great Sejm (Sejm Wielki), defended Poland's May 3rd Constitution of 1791 against the Targowica Confederation of native opponents of the Constitution and the invading Russian armies allied with that Confederation.
		Poland's ally, the Kingdom of Prussia, broke its alliance with Poland and the Prussian commander of the army of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania betrayed the Polish-Lithuanian cause.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/War_in_defence_of_the_constitution (376 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In short, it means that the constitution’s separation of powers provides the capacity for different branches of government to assert their prerogatives in the conduct of foreign affairs.
		Although the constitution compels both the executive and legislative branches of government to consult with each other, it is the executive who must ensure sufficient consultation in foreign policy matters.
		Defense Secretary Aspin, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Colin Powell, and Ambassador to the UN Madeleine Albright all defended the U.S. role, and encouraged the President to persevere.
	www.ndu.edu /library/n2/n00SwardAdviceConsent.doc (4908 words)

	Carey, In Defense of the Constitution - Chapter 4: The Online Library of Liberty
		And, though he concedes that the proposed constitutional system is quite dissimilar to these confederacies, he does not believe their experiences should be “wholly disregarded.” He firmly held to the proposition that the states could more than fend for themselves in any conflict with the national government.
		This conception of the foundations of the Constitution and the national government played a critical role in his repudiation of the doctrine of nullification as it was advanced by South Carolina.
		In his “Notes on Nullification,” for instance, he writes that “the constitutions of the States, made by the people as separated into States, were made by a sovereign authority residing in each of the States, to the extent of the objects embraced by their respective constitutions.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Texts/LFBooks/Carey0263/HTMLs/0008_Pt05_Chap4.html (10600 words)

	WCW
		Coming to terms with possible US involvement in war crimes is necessary both for establishing the accountability of the current leadership of the United States and for defining institutional barriers required to prevent war crimes in the future.
		WAR CRIMES WATCH is a web-based educational project designed to help Americans probe their government’s responsibility for war crimes and their own responsibility for halting them.
		War crimes include planning and initiating wars of aggression, brutality and destruction to civilians, acts of violence against persecuted groups, and torture and prisoner abuse.
	www.warcrimeswatch.org /aboutus.cfm (680 words)

	War (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		War is a phenomenon which occurs only between political communities, defined as those entities which either are states or intend to become states (in order to allow for civil war).
		Clausewitz famously suggested that war is “the continuation of policy by other means.” Surely, as a description, this conception is both powerful and plausible: war is about governance, using violence instead of peaceful measures to resolve policy (which organizes life in a land).
		War and Morality, are G.E.M. Anscombe's “War and Murder” and Jan Narveson's “Pacifism: A Philosophical Analysis”.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/war (10652 words)

	Bill of Rights - History of the Constitution
		By 1796 the Constitution was in the custody of the Department of State along with the Declaration and traveled with the federal government from New York to Philadelphia to Washington.
		Following the war, the Constitution remained in the State Department while the Declaration continued its travels--to the Patent Office Building from 1841 to 1876, to Independence Hall in Philadelphia during the Centennial celebration, and back to Washington in 1877.
		On December 13, 1952, the Constitution and the Declaration were placed in helium-filled cases, enclosed in wooden crates, laid on mattresses in an armored Marine Corps personnel carrier, and escorted by ceremonial troops, two tanks, and four servicemen carrying submachine guns down Pennsylvania and Constitution avenues to the National Archives.
	www.billofrights.com /HistoryoftheConstitution.htm (5524 words)

	U S Constitution - The United States Constitution - "The Supreme Law Of The Land". The U S Constitution, Bill ...
		The U.S. Constitution is the central instrument of government and the "supreme law of the land".
		The U S Constitution outlines the structure and powers of the 3 branches of government (executive, legislative, judicial) and the 3 levels of government (federal, state, local).
		Amendment of the U S Constitution may be initiated by a 2/3 vote in each chamber of congress, or 2/3 of the states calling for a national convention.
	www.usconstitution.com (940 words)

	Response to Disloyal Opposition
		I consider myself a Southern Nationalist, in that I believe in God, family, liberty, the constitution, and that every state is sovereign.
		The Confederacy) waged a war in defense of the constitution given to us by the founding fathers, and war was waged upon many battlefields in defense of a new nation.
		It is the Southern way to rally in defense of our embattled citizenry and the SIP of Texas has a key roll to play, if only you will.
	www.federationofstates.org /articals/rtdo.htm (415 words)

	TAP: Vol 13, Iss. 1. War and the Constitution. George P. Fletcher. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The key case in the transition to the modern law of war was the 1946 appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court by the Japanese General Tomoyuki Yamashita.
		Thus was born the idea of a war crime under the law of war.
		There is no tradition or constitutional authority legitimating trial by a military tribunal when the crime is subject to prosecution under American law and the appropriate American courts are open and functioning.
	www.prospect.org /print/V13/1/fletcher-g.html (2753 words)

	LII: Constitution
		The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
		The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
		The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
	www.law.cornell.edu /constitution/constitution.billofrights.html (273 words)

	What Is War Tax Resistance
		In this era of high-priced weapons systems and military aid to regional wars, taxation is the closest war-making link between the government and most citizens.
		War tax resistance is a powerful way to say NO to nuclear weapons and weapons testing, military aid and arms sales, the ludicrous Star Wars missile defense system, covert CIA violence — to say NO to the militarization of the U.S. federal budget.
		War tax resistance is one direct way to protest militaristic policies.
	www.warresisters.org /what_is.htm (440 words)

	Take the Constitution Test! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This Section of the Constitution was modified by the 17th amendment in 1913, which states that "The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof..."
		The founding fathers were quite adamant that the original intent of the Constitution and its amendments would always be enforced by the judiciary.
		James Madison wrote to Henry Lee on June 25, 1824 "I entirely concur in the propriety of resorting to the sense in which the Constitution was accepted and ratified by the nation.
	www.gozarks.com /ola/usconstitution/test.html (3189 words)

	President Calls for Constitutional Amendment Protecting Marriage
		Eight years ago, Congress passed, and President Clinton signed, the Defense of Marriage Act, which defined marriage for purposes of federal law as the legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife.
		The Act passed the House of Representatives by a vote of 342 to 67, and the Senate by a vote of 85 to 14.
		The Constitution says that full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts and records and judicial proceedings of every other state.
	www.whitehouse.gov /news/releases/2004/02/20040224-2.html (772 words)

	The Constitution and Presidential Warmaking
		Indeed, Hamilton sought to reassure opponents of the Constitution.
		Defense Secretary William Cohen warned that "NATO's credibility is on the line," but it is on the line only because the administration has unnecessarily put it on the line.
		The President is sworn to uphold the constitution, and violation of this oath are grounds for impeachment.
	iraqwar.org /warmaking.htm (2897 words)

	Constitution Project: War Powers Initiative
		The Constitution provides for war powers to be divided between the legislative and executive branches.
		The 1973 congressional War Powers Resolution was intended to clarify matters and ensure that Congress and the President share in the decision-making process in the event of armed conflict.
		The Constitution Project specializes in creating bipartisan consensus on a variety of legal and governance issues, and promoting that consensus to policymakers, opinion leaders, the media, and the public.
	www.constitutionproject.org /warpowers/index.cfm?categoryId=1 (430 words)

	Welcome to DefenseOfFreedom.com
		Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld announced today the creation of the Defense of Freedom Medal to honor civilian employees of the Department of Defense injured or killed in the line of duty.
		The first recipients to be honored will be those Defense Department civilians injured or killed recently as a result of the terrorist attack on the Pentagon.
		At the discretion of the Secretary of Defense, the medal may be awarded to non-Defense employees, such as contractors, based on their involvement in Department of Defense activities.
	www.defenseoffreedom.com (267 words)

	The Weimar Constitution
		It was a federal constitution for the German confederacy of seventeen states large and small comprising some 62 million Germans (1925 census).
		And such was the case in Weimar Germany as political extremism and economic collapse helped pave the way for the destruction of the 1919 constitution under the hammer blows of Nazism in 1933.
		However, resolutions of the Reichstag in favor of an amendment of the constitution are effective only if two-thirds of those present consent thereto.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/reference/ob13.html (1452 words)

	Before going to war, follow the rules - the Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		His vote is not dependent on political conditions, and he is often the lone defiant voice in defense of the Constitution.
		The Constitution is the rulebook for the federal government.
		It also says that we have a Constitution; that the enemy is "them," not us; and that we should follow the process.
	www.lp.org /lpnews/printer_227.shtml (559 words)

	It's The Constitution, Stupid!
		Every elected official and military officer is sworn to "protect and defend the Constitution against all enemies, foreign and domestic," not the President or Congress.
		In California, the Bush administration is already escalating its war of terror against medical marijuana patients, using similar secret courts, sealed warrants and even raiding attorneys' and doctors' offices, in direct violation of the U.S. Constitution.
		It is time for America to act with its brains, not its brawn, and uphold the very principles that have made America the greatest nation in the world.
	www.antiwar.com /orig/kubby1.html (604 words)

	In Defense of the Constitution : Fool Moon
		Some other things, like some plans for reconstituting the government in the event of a catastrophic attack or the like are starting to come out now.
		Just curious here, are you referring to the lack of a plan to reinstate the constitution after a national state of emergency is declared?
		Because, as far as I know, once a national state of emergency is declared, the Constitution is effectively suspended and from what I understand there are no plans in effect to reinstate the constitution after such a thing has occured.
	foolmoon.com /showthreaded.php?Number=198641 (108 words)

	Historians in Defense of the Constitution: Co-Sponsors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Co-Sponsors of Statement by Historians in Defense of the Constitution
		Co-Sponsors of Statement by Historians in Defense of the Constitution Copyright © 1998 - 2006 Richard Rongstad.
		Republication or redistribution of any of the content of this series of pages, temporary or complete, is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent of Richard Rongstad.
	vikingphoenix.com /public/rongstad/history/400historians/sponsors.htm (301 words)

	Carey, In Defense of the Constitution ToC: The Online Library of Liberty
		In Defense of the Constitution refutes modern critics of the Constitution who assail it as "reactionary" or "undemocratic." The author argues that modern disciples of Progressivism are determined to centralize political control in Washington, D.C., to achieve their goal of an egalitarian national society.
		Furthermore, he contends, Progressive interpreters of the Constitution subtly distort fundamental principles of the Constitution for the precise purpose of achieving their egalitarian goals.
		In Defense of the Constitution (1989) (revised ed.) (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1995).
	oll.libertyfund.org /Home2/BookToCPage.php?recordID=0008 (421 words)

	Defense chief says Japan should change constitution's war-renouncing clause - iht,asia,Japan Constitution - Asia - ...
		TOKYO: Japan's defense chief said Wednesday that it is time for Japan to change a clause in its pacifist constitution to give the military a bigger role in international security.
		Article 9 of Japan's current constitution — drafted by U.S. occupation forces and unchanged since 1947 — bars the use of military force in settling international disputes.
		Opposition lawmakers and pacifist activists have said that the government has stretched the interpretation too far and the Japanese defense forces' actual capability and role has now gone beyond what's written in the constitution.
	www.iht.com /articles/ap/2006/11/01/asia/AS_GEN_Japan_Constitution.php (502 words)

	Balkinization
		The only defense that the government could have, I suspect, is that Freedman shouldn't apply when the government says that national security is threatened, and that the test should be the test of the Pentagon Papers Case.
		Because constitutional provisions like due process are expressed as general concepts, the constitutional text itself is evidence that the framers’ intentions were abstract.” (p.
		Defense Department reports show that the share of fls among active-duty recruits declined to 13 percent in 2006 from 20 percent in 2001, the last year before the invasion of Iraq began to seem inevitable.
	balkin.blogspot.com (13080 words)

	WAR ON THE CONSTITUTION
		We have bombing and war yet there is no declaration of war.
		They repeatedly clarified that the constitution was a restrictive document on the activities of the Federal Government.
		The Constitution, contrary to what the public schools teach, delegates specific powers to the Federal government and all others powers belong to either the states or the people.
	www.informationclearinghouse.info /article2363.htm (1083 words)

	Pacifist Japan cannot 'sit still' if attacked: defense chief
		Defense Agency chief Fukushiro Nukaga, who recently suggested that Japan should consider "a limited assault capability", said Japan needed full discussions on ways to deal with threats.
		Japan was banned from even threatening to use force under the 1947 constitution imposed by the United States.
		Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi has steadily expanded Japan's defense role, sending troops to Iraq and proposing a revised constitution that would give Japan a military in name for the first time in six decades.
	www.spacewar.com /reports/a060721095400.wi1km1d1.html (688 words)

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