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Topic: War in the defence of constitution

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	Constitution of Indonesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Even though a constitution is characteristic of the family system, if the spirit of the authorities and the leaders of government is individualistic, then the constitution is in reality meaningless.
		The Constitution is that part of the Fundamental Law which is written down, while besides that Constitution there also prevails a Fundamental Law which is not written down, namely, the basic rules which arise and are maintained in the practice of running a state, although they are not written down.
		Although a constitution is drawn up which, according to the letter, is charactersized by the family principle, if the spirit of the authorities of the state, the leaders of the administration, individualistic, that constitution is certain to have no meaning in practice.
	asnic.utexas.edu /asnic/countries/indonesia/ConstIndonesia.html (8831 words)

	UK Defence Secretary: I'd Blast Iran
		DEFENCE Secretary Geoff Hoon has said he would "press the button" for a nuclear strike on Iran if it was menacing Britain with ballistic missiles.
		He was under attack from students, who had condemned America's controversial Star Wars missile shield as a waste of money.
		The Ministry of Defence said Mr Hoon was talking "hypothetically".
	www.infowars.com /articles/world/uk_defense_sec_blast_iran.htm (194 words)

	The Constitution of the Republic of Hungary
		The members of the Council are: the Speaker of Parliament, the leaders of the factions of the parties represented in Parliament, the Prime Minister, the ministers, and the commander and chief of staff of the Army.
		Defence lawyers must not be called to account for opinions expounded while they present the defence.
		(2) The Constitution and the constitutional provisions are equally binding on all organizations of society, all state organs and on citizens.
	www.lectlaw.com /files/int05.htm (8834 words)

	War (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		War is a phenomenon which occurs only between political communities, defined as those entities which either are states or intend to become states (in order to allow for civil war).
		Clausewitz famously suggested that war is “the continuation of policy by other means.” Surely, as a description, this conception is both powerful and plausible: war is about governance, using violence instead of peaceful measures to resolve policy (which organizes life in a land).
		War and Morality, are G.E.M. Anscombe's “War and Murder” and Jan Narveson's “Pacifism: A Philosophical Analysis”.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/war (10652 words)

	Constitution of the Yemen Arab Republic, 1970
		Three months have elapsed since the publication of the draft constitution on the evening of September 26, 1970, and since then meetings of the various sectors have been held in the capital towns, and villages in which the constitution was openly debated and opinions and views exchanged about it.
		The citizens were thus given the opportunity during the past three months to discuss the draft constitution and to submit their views to the Republican Council, which explicitly proves the Nation's determination to follow the democratic, consultative path both by word and action.
		Article 72: It is not permissible for a member of the Majlis al-Shura during the term of his membership to be appointed or be engaged on the board of directors of a commercial firm in which the Government participates or to share in commitments concluded by the Government or public establishments.
	www.al-bab.com /yemen/gov/off1.htm (6554 words)

	In Defence of Constitution and Social Justice
		The background of the issue was premised in the effort of the parliament to bring about a constitutional amendment which ensured reservation for the OBCs in private institutions of higher education, particularly those in the areas of technical and medical education.
		The amendment itself was necessitated by the judgement in the Inamdar case and the order itself implicitly suggested the framing of an appropriate law to ensure the reservation for the OBCs and the regulation of higher technical education.
		Our constitution lays down in very unambiguous terms that the prerogative of policy making lies with the government (of course, with subsequent endorsement of the parliament), while law-making is the exclusive jurisdiction of the legislature.
	pd.cpim.org /2006/1029/10292006_nilotpal.htm (2189 words)

	William Rawle: A View of the Constitution: Chapter XIII
		In relation to those of a nature merely civil, the Constitution is silent, because particular description would not be equally practicable, and hence as before observed, congress is empowered to pass such laws as may be requisite and proper for carrying into execution the powers vested in the officers of government.
		During the late war, a construction of this part of the Constitution was given in a highly respectable state, which excited no small uneasiness at the time, and ought not to be passed over in silence.
		The act of congress declaring war took place on the 18th of June, 1812, and the president was expressly authorized by the act to use the whole land and naval forces to carry it into effect.
	www.constitution.org /wr/rawle_13.htm (2249 words)

	THE PRESIDENT'S CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY TO CONDUCT MILITARY OPERATIONS AGAINST TERRORISTS AND NATIONS SUPPORTING THEM
		The Constitution entrusts the "power [to] the executive branch of the government to preserve order and insure the public safety in times of emergency, when other branches of the government are unable to function, or their functioning would itself threaten the public safety." Duncan v.
		Given the President's constitutional powers to respond to national emergencies caused by attacks on the United States, and given also that section 2(c)(3) of the WPR does not attempt to define those powers, we think that that provision must be construed simply as a recognition of, and support for, the President's pre-existing constitutional authority.
		O.L.C. 12, 17 (1986) ("Nothing in the text of the Constitution or the deliberations of the Framers suggests that the Senate's advice and consent role in the treaty-making process was intended to alter the fundamental constitutional balance between legislative authority and executive authority.").
	www.usdoj.gov /olc/warpowers925.htm (10388 words)

	U.S. Senate: Reference Home > Constitution of the United States
		The Constitution also provides that the Senate advise and consent on key executive and judicial appointments and on the ratification of treaties.
		For over two centuries the Constitution has remained in force because its framers successfully separated and balanced governmental powers to safeguard the interests of majority rule and minority rights, of liberty and equality, and of the central and state governments.
		As with representatives, the Constitution fixes the qualifications a person must meet to be eligible to be a senator.
	www.senate.gov /civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm (3655 words)

	1992 Constitution
		War invalids shall enjoy favourable conditions for their physical rehabilitation, shall be given employment suited to their state of health and assistance in securing stable living conditions.
		The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the fundamental law of the State and has the highest legal effect.
		This Constitution was unanimously approved by the 8th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at its 11th session sitting of 15 April 1992 at 11.45 a.m.
	coombs.anu.edu.au /~vern/van_kien/constit.html (8307 words)

	Permanent Constitution Of The Confederate States Of America
		This is the Permanent Constitution Of The Confederate States Of America, as adopted, 11 March 1861.
		The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
		When five States shall have ratified this Constitution, in the manner before specified, the Congress under the Provisional Constitution shall prescribe the time for holding the election of President and Vice-President, and for the meeting of the Electoral College, and for counting the votes, and inaugurating the President.
	www.csawardept.com /documents/Constitutions/CSA/Permanent/index.html (3952 words)

	USS Constitution: Cutting Out Expedition, 1800
		Unable to bring Constitution into the shallow harbor, Captain Silas Talbot planned to surprise the French by sending a small detachment of sailors and marines to storm the ship and sail her out of port.
		I therefore manned her at Sea from the Constitution, with about ninety brave seamen and marines, the latter to be commanded by captain Carmick and lieutenant Amory, when on shore; but the entire command I gave to Mr.
		Perhaps no enterprize of the same moment was ever better executed; and I feel myself under great obligations to lieutenant Hull, captain Carmick, and lieutenant Amory, for their avidity in undertaking the scheme I had planned, and for the handsome manner and great address with which they performed this dashing adventure.
	www.history.navy.mil /docs/war1812/const2.htm (967 words)

	GDC \| Government \| Commonwealth Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		This Constitution is written with the purpose of ushering in a new age for the nations and peoples of the Greater Democratic Commonwealth - to usher in an age where the basic socialist principles are paramount.
		Laws in contravention of the Constitution shall be deemed illegal, and thus not standing.
		An amendment to the Constitution may be proposed by either chamber of the Commonwealth Congress, a Member State, or a petition by the people.
	publish.uwo.ca /~jchabber/commonwealth/government/constitution.html (2925 words)

	US defence chief warns over Iraq
		New US Defence Secretary Robert Gates has warned that failure in Iraq would be a "calamity" that would haunt the United States for many years.
		As well as advising the president on a new strategy for the war in Iraq, he will have to wrestle with the enormous demands being put on the US military in terms of equipment and personnel, our correspondent says.
		Public discontent over the conduct of the Iraq war was seen as a major factor in the defeat.
	infowars.com /articles/iraq/gates_sec_def_warns_over_iraq.htm (613 words)

	Century of Lawmaking: The Making of the US Constitution
		The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.
		The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury, and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed.
		All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this constitution as under the confederation.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/amlaw/ac001/lawpres.html (3520 words)

	Japan's ruling party defies taboo on changing pacifist constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Article Nine of the 1947 constitution, drawn up under US-led occupation, renounces war and the use of force for settling international disputes, and states that "land, sea and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained."
		Koizumi, one of the most hawkish post-war premiers, has said the constitution should be changed to formally recognise the country's Self-Defence Forces as a full-fledged military.
		A change in the constitution has long been regarded as taboo in Japanese politics amid strong opposition at home and abroad -- in particular in Asian countries still haunted by bitter memories of Japan's militarism.
	www.spacewar.com /2003/030903091052.e3uzw7g8.html (364 words)

	Amazon.com: The Powers of War and Peace: The Constitution and Foreign Affairs after 9/11: Books: John Yoo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		As what constitutes a 'time of war' is also up to the President and does not rely on any 'legal' declaration of war (which is a matter of international law to which the US is thus not subject,) then the US may have, effectively, a Despot Emperor for President.
		War powers might have thus allowed him to do whatever he wanted with his cigar and to lie about it in the national interest.
		The constitution holds that declaring war is the responsibility of the Congress.
	www.amazon.com /Powers-War-Peace-Constitution-Foreign/dp/0226960315 (2711 words)

	AlterNet: War on Iraq: Bush's Other Iraq Invasion
		By all accounts, the draft constitution has failed to provide Iraqis with the means to control their economic future.
		As Iraq prepares for the October 15 referendum on the constitution, these crucial issues must be added to the debate, and the influence of the Bush administration countered, so that Iraqis can truly determine their own economic and political fate.
		The war was no defence of American or British interests or values other than power and greed.
	www.alternet.org /waroniraq/24307 (3893 words)

	Constitution of the United States (1787)
		One of the key features in the Constitution, and one that would become a critical factor in the nineteenth century, is that the source of sovereignty, the source of the authority for the document, is the citizenry.
		This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
		This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
	usinfo.state.gov /usa/infousa/facts/democrac/6.htm (4633 words)

	Berlusconi confident new EU defence plan will 'please' hostile US
		Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi said the latest version of the plans would now "please" Washington, whose fears of Europe's military direction were heightened by the vocal opposition of some EU nations to the war in Iraq.
		The Brussels summit faces potential deadlock over a new EU constitution, but Berlusconi said the defence accord, "which has been concluded and will apply, should allow for this summit already to be spoken of as a success".
		The defence accord is outside the scope of the new EU constitution, but the historic document does contain proposals for reinforced cooperation between member states on military matters.
	www.spacewar.com /2003/031212111022.hhb8r334.html (602 words)

	Tadeusz Kościuszko - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He fought in the American Revolutionary War as a colonel in the Continental Army on the side of Washington.
		In recognition of his dedicated and faithful service he was brevetted by the Continental Congress to the rank of Brigadier General in 1783, and became a naturalized citizen of the United States that same year.
		On May 18, 1792 a Russian army of 100,000 crossed the Polish border and headed for Warsaw, thus starting the War in Defence of the Constitution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tadeusz_Kosciuszko (2725 words)

	Today in History: September 17
		Although the Constitutional Convention met for the last time on September 17, 1787, public debate over the Constitution was just beginning.
		The Constitution specified that at least nine states ratify the new form of government, but everyone hoped for nearly unanimous approval.
		Documents from the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, 1774-1789 contains 274 documents relating to the work of the Continental Congress and the drafting and ratification of the Constitution.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/sep17.html (1375 words)

	U.S. CONSTITUTION
		The Constitution was subsequently ratified by Virginia, June 25, 1788; New York, July 26, 1788; North Carolina, November 21, 1789; Rhode Island, May 29, 1790; and Vermont, January 10, 1791.
		On the 17th of September, 1787, the Constitution as engrossed and agreed upon was signed by all the members present, except Mr.
		Congress, on the 28th of September, 1787, directed the Constitution so framed, with the resolutions and letter concerning the same, to "be transmitted to the several Legislatures in order to be submitted to a convention of delegates chosen in each State by the people thereof, in conformity to the resolves of the convention."
	www.house.gov /house/Constitution/Constitution.html (3004 words)

	AFRO-AMERICAN ALMANAC - African-American History Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		The lands owned by the Society, and all other property belonging to the Society, and in the Commonwealth, shall be under the exclusive control of the Governor and such agents as he may appoint under the direction of the Society.
		The present criminal laws in force in the several colonies or settlements now forming the Commonwealth of Liberia, and such others as may, from time to time, be enacted, shall constitute the criminal code of the Commonwealth.
		Such parts of the common law as set forth in Blackstone's Commentaries, as may be applicable to the situation of the people, except as changed by the laws now in force, and such as may hereafter be enacted, shall be the civil code of law for the Commonwealth.
	www.toptags.com /aama/docs/libcon.htm (1028 words)

	OneWorld U.S. Home - Worship of War Dead Rekindles Brutal Memories
		And this year's anniversary of the end of World War II, comes at a time when the country is undergoing a nascent nationalist rise - much to the worry of Japan's Asian neighbours, in particular China.
		But, as experts point out, such sentiments, is fast diminishing in a post-war year that has been marked with material affluence and an education policy that has ignored a thorough debate on the nation's war responsibility and repentance.
		Hayashi heads the Center on Japan's War Responsibility, one of the country's few research groups that focuses on digging up documents that reveal the actions of the defunct Imperial Army.
	us.oneworld.net /article/view/91876/1 (856 words)

	Veterans Service Organizations
		CWVA Member Dick Isaac lays a wreath on the organization's behalf at the Tomb of the Unknowns in honor of fallen Cold War Heroes
		of the Cold War Veterans Association is to:
		To be eligible for membership, one must have served honorably in the U.S. Armed Forces at some time during the Cold War period (September 2, 1945 – December 26, 1991).
	www.coldwarveterans.com /veterans_service_organizations.htm (400 words)

	The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, Index
		The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, Index
		F. Declaration of State of War and Authorisation to Deploy the Armed Forces
		I. Amendment of the Constitution, Participation in Elections and Referenda
	www.hri.org /docs/turkey (480 words)

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