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Topic: War of aggression

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Indirect aggression

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	Crimes Of War Project > The Book
		Aggression in international law is defined as the use of force by one State against another, not justified by self-defense or other legally recognized exceptions.
		The illegality of aggression is perhaps the most fundamental norm of modern international law and its prevention the chief purpose of the United Nations.
		Acts of aggression such as these trigger the two key lawful uses of force mentioned in the charter: (a) individual or collective self-defense; and (b) force approved by the UN itself.
	www.crimesofwar.org /thebook/aggression.html (444 words)

	II Journal: Japan Addresses its War Responsibility
		But World War II was a war in which Japan, Germany and Italy as the fascist and militarist states waged war of aggression in Asia and Europe, and against this, many nations in the world formed an alliance against their aggression and fascism.
		Japan's war of aggression cannot be described as "colonial rule and acts of aggression," nor can it be rationalized as part of the general trend at the time.
		Recalling that one of the cause of the war was mutual mistrust among the various countries, we consider it important to promote international exchanges concerning historical education and the like, with the ultimate objective of promoting mutual trust as well as education for peace and human rights in all countries.
	www.umich.edu /~iinet/journal/vol3no1/jpnwar.html (5805 words)

	The Launching of Wars of Aggression
		The aggressive war phase of the case against the Nazi conspirators is, in the view of the American prosecution, the heart of the case.
		Even the aspects of the case involving "war crimes" in the strict sense are merely the inevitable, proximate result of the wars of aggression launched and waged by these conspirators, and of the kind of warfare they waged.
		It was total war, the natural result of the totalitarian party- dominated state that waged it; it was atrocious war, the natural result of the doctrines, designs and purposes of the Nazi conspirators.
	www.nizkor.org /hweb/imt/nca/nca-01/nca-01-09-aggression-01.html (1056 words)

	War of aggression - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The crime of a war of aggression is listed in Article 5.1 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (RSICC) as one of the four most serious crimes of concern to the international community, and that it falls within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC).
		However, Article 5.2 of the RSICC states that "The Court shall exercise jurisdiction over the crime of aggression once a provision is adopted in accordance with articles 121 and 123 defining the crime and setting out the conditions under which the Court shall exercise jurisdiction with respect to this crime.
		Under this definition: planning, preparing, ordering, initiating, or carrying out an armed attack, or the use of force, or a war of aggression, or a war in violation of international treaties or agreements, by a State, against the territorial integrity of another State, against the provisions in the UN Charter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/War_of_aggression (939 words)

	War Is a Political Disaster
		They have adequately refuted every one of the excuses for this war of aggression; but, obviously, either no one listens, or the unspoken motives for this invasion silence those tempted to dissent.
		There is a bit of irony over all of this political posturing on a vote to condone a war of aggression and force some Members into a tough vote.
		War is not politically beneficial for two reasons: innocent people die, and the economy is always damaged.
	www.lewrockwell.com /paul/paul55.html (674 words)

	Echoes Of War By Ghali Hassan
		To initiate a war of aggression – as it has been in all U.S.-Britain wars – a crisis has to be engineered and sold to the public.
		Lies have to be fabricated, language has to be twisted in order to deceit and provide justification for war, the leaders of the target nation have to be demonised, and the people of that nation have to be portrayed as helpless “victims” in need of ‘white man’ help.
		To remain silent in the face of another war of aggression is to be an accomplice.
	www.countercurrents.org /us-hassan230106.htm (1095 words)

	GI -- World War II Commemoration
		Last, but not least, war has always been decried, for humanitarian and many other reasons; if wars cannot be prevented their cruelty and destructiveness must at least be limited, for the purpose of sheer self-preservation.
		When the outcome of war was regarded to be the judgment of heaven, or the vanquished were regarded as being abandoned by the gods, such doctrines were used as justification for the cruel treatment of the defeated.
		War crimes can be punished, not only by the organs of the country of which the offender is a citizen--for example, a guard who tortures, or a camp commander who orders the torturing of, prisoners of war will in a civilized country be court-martialed by his own authorities--but also by the enemy.
	www.grolier.com /wwii/wwii_warcrimes.html (4032 words)

	Iraq War is Illegal - Demopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Planning, preparing, and waging the supreme crime of a war of aggression in contravention of the United Nations Charter and the Nuremberg Principles.
		The subject matter of this proposed investigation is the conduct of the so-called "war on terrorism," and the illegal and catastrophic US war of aggression against Iraq.
		Launching an aggressive war is a violation of the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal, to which both the UK and US are bound as signatories and whose principles were adopted by the UN General assembly in 1950.
	demopedia.democraticunderground.com /index.php/Iraq_War_is_Illegal (3486 words)

	War of Northern Aggression - Uncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The War of Northern Aggression was a tremendously unjust war instigated by Abraham Lincoln and his Northern elitist cronies in 1860, only coming to an end in 1865.
		The causes of the War of Northern Aggression arguably date back to early 11th century Scotland with the reign of the king Macbeth.
		Approximately 800 years later, the greatest cause of the War of Northern Aggression was undoubtedly the birth of a single man. His name was Abraham Lincoln (666-666666), and his name would come to represent every evil inherent in mankind.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/War_of_Northern_Aggression (468 words)

	War of Aggression
		A war of aggression against Iraq violates the United States Constitution, the United Nations Charter and the principles of the Nuremberg Tribunal.
		The warmongering, preparations for war, and threats of violence coming from Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld, Rice and other White House and Pentagon hawks, are in and of themselves violations of international law and constitute crimes against peace.
		Any resolution authorizing a preemptive war of aggression is ultra vires, or null and void as beyond the authority of the Council to enact.
	deepblade.net /archive/warofaggression_01.htm (1401 words)

	Tony Blair War Crimes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The imposition and maintenance of Draconian Sanctions against Iraq after the 1991 Gulf War, sanctions which were in violation of the Geneva Conventions and which were maintained even when it was clear that these sanctions had killed up to 500,000 children under the age of 5 years and had caused mass-starvation among Iraqis.
		The waging of an illegal, unprovoked war of aggression against Iraq (Gulf War 2003).
		The use of radioactive ‘depleted’ uranium (DU) munitions during the 1991 and 2003 wars on Iraq.
	www.geocities.com /longdistanceclara2003 (238 words)

	t r u t h o u t - Marjorie Cohn \| Aggressive War: Supreme International Crime
		Bush's war on Iraq is a war of aggression.
		"Aggression is the use of armed force by a state against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations, as set out in this definition," according to General Assembly Resolution 3314, passed in the wake of Vietnam.
		Bush and the officials in his administration are committing the crime of aggression.
	www.truthout.org /docs_04/110904A.shtml (1447 words)

	Iraqi Resistance Grows; U.S. Escalates War
		The U.S. government is responding to the ever-growing resistance of the Iraqi people by escalating its war of aggression.
		This so-called "war on terrorism" and the escalating war in Iraq show the desperation and savageness of U.S. imperialism.
		The people demand an end to U.S. aggression and intervention, the withdrawal of all U.S. troops stationed abroad, an end to U.S. participation in military alliances and support for reactionary regimes and the recognition of the sovereign equality of every nation.
	www.anti-imperialist.org /Iraq_4-20-04.htm (682 words)

	Impeach President Bush; War of Aggression Indictment, TCR Editorial, Feb 1, 2006, Traditional Catholic Reflections & ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Count 1: The Bush administration authorized a war of aggression against Iraq, unconnected to the Al Qaeda attack on the United States on September 11, 2001, committing a crime against the peace.
		Aggression is the use of armed force by a State against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations, as set out in this Definition.
		The UN states that a war of aggression is a crime against international peace.
	tcrnews2.com /impeacheditorial.html (2418 words)

	Arguments Against War in Iraq
		We have for months now heard plenty of false arithmetic and lame excuses for why we must pursue a preemptive war of aggression against an impoverished third world nation 6000 miles from our shores that doesn’t even possess a navy or air force, on the pretense that it must be done for national security reasons.
		War is very unpopular, and it is not the politically smart thing to do.
		War and big government go hand in hand, but we should be striving for peace and freedom.
	www.house.gov /paul/congrec/congrec2002/cr090402.htm (1121 words)

	Crimes Of War Project > The Book
		The charter defined them as “planning, preparation, initiation or waging of a war of aggression, or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements or assurances, or participation in a common plan or conspiracy [to do so].” Crimes against peace are not war crimes per se, which involve unlawful conduct during war.
		For the Americans, crimes against peace were the chief offense of the Nazis, and the criminality of aggressive war needed to be enshrined in international law.
		States thus seem to say that aggression is a crime in the abstract, but are reluctant to prosecute it.
	www.crimesofwar.org /thebook/crimes-against-peace.html (519 words)

	WAR CRIMES LAW APPLIES TO US too
		We have engaged in a flagrant military aggression, ceaselessly attacking a small country primarily to demonstrate that we run the world.
		As a primary source of international law, the judgment of the Nuremberg Tribunal in the 1945-1946 case of the major Nazi war criminals is plain and clear.
		To initiate a war of aggression, therefore, is not only an international crime, it is the supreme international crime differing only from other war crimes in that it contains within itself the accumulated evil of the whole.
	www.zmag.org /crisescurevts/nurletter.htm (747 words)

	Echoes of war
		To initiate a war of aggression -- as it has been in all U.S.-Britain wars -- a crisis has to be engineered and sold to the public.
		Lies have to be fabricated, language has to be twisted in order to deceive and provide justification for war; the leaders of the target nation have to be demonised, and the people of that nation have to be portrayed as helpless “victims” in need of ‘white men's’ help.
		A war of aggression against Iran would serve to confirm such ignorance and deep-seated racism.
	onlinejournal.com /artman/publish/article_437.shtml (1139 words)

	Crimes within the Court's Jurisdiction
		The Nürnberg Tribunal condemned a war of aggression in the strongest terms: "To initiate a war of aggression.
		To hold individuals accountable for war crimes or crimes against humanity while granting impunity to the architects of the conflict in which those crimes occurred is not justifiable.
		Others also hope that holding individuals responsible for the crime of aggression will act as a deterrent, and that by deterring an aggressor from beginning a conflict that may lead to a conflagration, the attendant war crimes and crimes against humanity might therefore also be prevented.
	www.un.org /icc/crimes.htm (2913 words)

	ANTI-WAR/U.S. WARS OF INTERVENTION-Instead unite for global peace & justice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It's easy to discuss the strategies and tactics of war when one does not see the very human component in it; when one refuses to acknowledge that hundreds of thousands of people stand to suffer and die as a direct cause of it.
		Even as Farris says that they are not here to train in preparation for the US war of aggression against Iraq, he says that they are prepared for any eventuality.
		Philippine officials and leaders who will declare support for the US war should be held responsible for any and all war crimes that the US military and their allies will be perpetrating against Iraqi civilians.
	www.yonip.com /main/articles/oppose_the_us_war_against_the_pe.html (1800 words)

	TomPaine.com - The War Over Watada
		As a member of the armed forces, sworn to uphold the US Constitution, he refuses to blindly participate in a war of aggression, an illegal war that undermines who we are as a nation and violates international law.
		Implicit in his oath as an officer is the duty to disobey all unlawful orders for; to carry out these orders renders him an accomplice to a criminal act. Furthermore, to order his men to participate in a war of aggression multiplies his guilt a thousand fold.
		In so doing, he demonstrates that one does not relinquish the freedom to choose what is right, even in the military, and that the freedom to choose what is right transcends the allegiance to man and institutions.
	www.tompaine.com /articles/2006/06/23/the_war_over_watada.php (496 words)

	War of Aggression
		During the run-up to the invasion of Iraq in 2002 and 2003, the Bush administration desparately tried to justify what was clearly an unjustifiable war of aggression.
		The unprovoked attack on another sovereign nation is a war of aggression, it is the crime for which the leaders of Nazi Germany were put to death.
		The High Contracting Parties solemly declare in the names of their respective peoples that they comdemn recourse to war for the solution of international controversies, and renounce it as an instrument of national policy in their relations with one another.
	www.peoplejudgebush.org /aggression.shtml (650 words)

	The War in Iraq and the Catholic Just War Tradition - Blog
		Catholics have a moral obligation to seek to avoid war, and, short of succeeding at that, when hostilities have already unwisely begun, to work for peace, seeking peaceful solutions to end them.
		Abu Musab al Zarqawi - Zarqawi is a Jordanian and veteran of the Soviet-Afghan war.
		In the late 1990's he founded the organization Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad [Monotheism and Holy War], originally with the intent of overthrowing the Jordanian government.
	catholicjustwar.blogspot.com /2005/10/war-of-aggression.html (2772 words)

	Lincoln vs. U.S. Aggression Against Mexico (12 January 1848)
		The President, in his first war message of May 1846, declares that the soil was ours on which hostilities were commenced by Mexico; and he repeats that declaration, almost in the same language, in each successive annual message, thus showing that he esteems that point, a highly essential one.
		The war has gone on some twenty months; for the expenses of which, together with an inconsiderable old score, the President now claims about one half of the Mexican territory; and that, by far the better half, so far as concerns our ability to make any thing out of it.
		If the prossecution of the war has, in expenses, already equalled the better half of the country, how long it's future prosecution, will be in equalling, the less valuable half, is not a speculative, but a practical question, pressing closely upon us.
	medicolegal.tripod.com /lincolnvmexwar.htm (3500 words)

	War Crimes Proposal
		The Green Party of the United States considers preemptive wars initiated by the United States Government to be illegal wars of aggression and the leaders who authorize such military action should be investigated for possible trial as war criminals.
		The Green Party of the United States considers the March 2003 invasion of Iraq to be an illegal war of aggression and we believe sufficient evidence exists to support a War Crimes trial for those who authorized this action.
		The War Crimes Tribunal for Iraq and Kuwait should also have jurisdiction over the investigation, indictment and trial of those leaders of Iraq involved in the decisions to invade Kuwait in 1990 and other possible war crimes committed by the government of Iraq (specifically Saddam Hussein, Tariq Aziz and others).
	www.ohiogreens.org /war_crimes_proposal.html (629 words)

	How & Why Abe Started the War
		Lincoln needed an excuse to start his war of aggression, because Congress did not want war and would not declare war of its own volition.
		Now Lincoln had his excuse for a war (assuming that he continued to lie his head off about it -- which he did); but there was no reason for him to believe that Congress would declare war against the South on his say-so.
		So instead of calling Congress into emergency session and asking them to declare war (which was their prerogative, and not Lincoln's), Lincoln simply declared war himself -- by calling the C.S.A.'s defense of its sovereignty in Charleston Harbor an "insurrection" against the U.S. government.
	www.scvcamp469-nbf.com /howwhyabestartedwar.htm (2635 words)

	Environmentalists Against War
		The current US-engineered crisis is reminiscent of the fabricated pretext of Weapons of Mass Destructions (WMDs) that the US used to instigate a war of aggression against Iraq.
		The war followed by 13-years-long criminal sanctions that needlessly killed more than 1.6 million Iraqi civilians--a third of them children under the age of five.
		While the US and its European vassals pretend to solve the Iranian nuclear crisis through “diplomacy”, they are embarking on a path that leads only to a war of aggression against Iran.
	www.envirosagainstwar.org /know/read.php?itemid=4066 (1243 words)

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