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Topic: War of the First Coalition

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	Napoleonic Wars - MSN Encarta
		The Napoleonic Wars were a continuation of the wars of the French Revolution (1789-1799), in which the Habsburgs and other dynastic rulers of Europe combined in an effort to overthrow the revolutionary government of France and restore the rule of the French monarchy.
		The coalition also captured Milan; put an end to the Cisalpine Republic, which had been formed under French auspices in 1797; occupied Turin; and in general deprived the French of their previous victories in Italy.
		The ensuing war is known as the War of the Third Coalition.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761565675/Napoleonic_Wars.html (1173 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The first attempt to crush the French Republic came in 1792 when Austria, the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Kingdom of Naples, Prussia, Spain, and the Kingdom of Great Britain formed the First Coalition.
		The Fifth Coalition (1809) of the United Kingdom and Austria against France formed as the United Kingdom engaged in the Peninsular War against France.
		Because the French Revolution and Napoleon's reign witnessed the first application of the lessons of the 18th century's wars on trade and dynastic disputes, commentators often falsely assume that such ideas arose from the revolution rather than found their implementation in it.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Napoleonic_Wars (6398 words)

	French Revolutionary Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is usually divided between the First Coalition (1792–1797) and the Second Coalition (1798–1801), although France was at war with Britain continuously from 1793 to 1802.
		In concert with the cabinet of Vienna, Russia and Prussia had executed the first partition of Poland in 1772; and after the death of Frederick the Great, the empress Catharine and the emperor Joseph united in 1785 to effect that of European Turkey.
		This began the longest period of peace during the period 1792-1814, and the crowning of Napoleon as emperor (in 1804) is an appropriate point to mark the transition between the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars (2700 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		They are usually divided between the First Coalition (1792–1797) and the Second Coalition (1798–1801), although France was also at war with Great Britain continuously from 1793 to 1802.
		The wars were of titanic proportions, mainly due to the application of modern mass conscription.
		On the Rhine frontier, General Pichegru, negotiating with the exiled Royalists, betrayed his army and forced the evacuation of Mannheim and the failure of the siege of Mayence by Jourdan.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=French_Revolutionary_Wars (2830 words)

	c. The Legislative Assembly. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		First used on April 25, the guillotine symbolized the leveling between classes during the Revolution by eliminating the previous distinction between the execution of elites (beheading) and commoners (hanging).
		The guillotine was often portrayed as a “feminine” form of execution, and bourgeois males were expected to demonstrate superiority by embracing death without displaying emotion at their executions.
		Divorce was legalized, and the state assumed responsibility for recording marriages, births, and deaths, which was formerly done by the church.
	www.bartleby.com /67/1003.html (425 words)

	Napoleonic Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Because the revolution and Napoleon's reign witnessed the first application of the lessons of the 18th century's wars on trade and dynastic disputes, it is often falsely assumed that such ideas were the fruit of the revolution rather than ideas which found their implementation in it.
		The Fourth Coalition (1806-1807) of the United Kingdom, Prussia, Saxony, Russia and Sweden against France was formed within months of the collapse of the previous coalition.
		The War Hall of the Winter Palace with portraits of the Russian commanders in the Napoleonic wars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Napoleonic_Wars (5829 words)

	War
		Gallic Wars 58-52 BC Julius Caesar's Legions vs. the Helvetians, Germans, Gauls of southern France and, in one battle, the Britons.
		Wars of the Second Triumvirate 43-31 BC On the death of Julius Caesar a second triumvirate ruled Rome.
		The first two years of the war are sometimes known as the First Silesian War because much fighting took place in Silesia.
	mwooge.homestead.com /War.html (1252 words)

	Napoleonic Wars - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		In the War of the First Coalition (1793-1797), France fought against an alliance consisting of Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, Spain, the Netherlands, and the Kingdom of Sardinia.
		Although the two campaigns took place before Napoleon's government, the Consulate, was established, they are generally regarded as the opening phases of the Napoleonic Wars.
		The campaigns were the first in which Napoleon displayed on a large scale his genius as a commander; early battles of the War of the Second Coalition are also included in this category.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761565675___2/Napoleonic_Wars.html (178 words)

	Napoleonic Wars - WarWiki
		These wars revolutionized European army and artillery, as well as military systems, and were of a scale never before seen, mainly due to the application of modern mass conscription.
		The first attempt to crush the new French republic was made in 1792-1797 by the First Coalition, which consisted of:
		The Fifth Coalition (1809) of the United Kingdom and Austria against France was formed while the United Kingdom was also engaged in the Peninsular War against France.
	war.wikia.com /wiki/Napoleonic_Wars (4966 words)

	Year one of war \| Greenpeace International
		A war waged by the richest countries of the world, which hold massive arsenals of WMD, on a third world country was an ineffective, counterproductive and hypocritical means of dealing with international security and the proliferation of WMD.
		After the war started, we appealed to governments who were members of the coalition to renounce the Bush doctrine of preventive war and consider their own legal position in a larger context.
		Later, we sent a team to Iraq to assess what coalition forces were actually doing about the nuclear materials that had been secured by UN officials, and the results were shocking indeed.
	www.greenpeace.org /international/news/year-one-of-war (791 words)

	Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)
		During the Wars (for during this period the fighting was not constant) Warfare was to change and move towards modern warfare leaving behind forever the idea of war as a sport of kings and moving towards the concept of Total War and nations in arms.
		The first campaign of the Napoleonic wars was the war of the second Coalition - with Bonaparte absent in Egypt fighting the British a new coalition formed against the French in 1798.
		As the members of the Fifth coalition decided the fate of Europe Napoleon staged a daring return to power and tried to reverse the outcome of the war at the battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815).
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/wars_napoleonic.html (605 words)

	First World War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Chemical weapons were used for the first time, the first mass bombardment of civilians from the sky wasexecuted, and some of the century's first genocides took place during the war.
		The common view was that it would be a short war of manoeuvre with a few sharp actions (to"teach the enemy a lesson") and would end with a victorious entry into the capital (the enemy capital, naturally) then home for a victory parade or two and back to "normal" life.
		The first major television documentary on the history of the war was the BBC 's TheGreat War (1964), made in association with the CBC, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and The Imperial War Museum.
	www.therfcc.org /first-world-war-1345.html (5539 words)

	War of the First Coalition, 1793-97 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This was part of the struggle which followed the French revolutionary wars, with the great dynastic powers of Europe trying to reverse the outcome of the revolution and restore the French monarchy.
		The forces of the first Coalition were Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, Spain, Sardinia and the Netherlands.
		These campaigns are sometimes regarded as the opening phase of the Napoleonic Wars as although Bonaparte was not yet the leader of France he was in command of large numbers of forces and was showing the early signs of what he would later accomplish.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/wars_firstcoalition.html (188 words)

	NAPOLEONIC WARS, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Napoleonic Wars were a continuation of the wars of the French Revolution, in which the Habsburgs and other dynastic rulers of Europe combined in an effort to overthrow the revolutionary government of France and restore the rule of the French monarchy.
		In the War of the First Coalition (1793–97), France fought against an alliance consisting of Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, Spain, the Netherlands, and Sardinia.
		The Coalition refused, and the French leader planned a series of moves against Austria, and various German states in alliance with Austria, for the spring of 1800.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=217285 (2620 words)

	Anglo-French Wars: a chronological listing
		This war was preceded by years of border combat short of all-out war.
		Wars of the French Revolution, (1792-1802)-The Wars of the French Revolution spanned a decade of great political, social and military change throughout the European continent.
		Thus, this series of wars are known as the Wars of the Coalitions.
	www.britishbattles.homestead.com /files/europe/anglofrenchwars.htm (866 words)

	First World War.com - Encyclopedia - The Shell Scandal, 1915
		The 'Shell Scandal', as it became popularly and widely known, was generated by publication of the British Commander-in-Chief's view that a shortage of munitions led directly to the failure of the British offensive at Neuve Chapelle in March 1915
		In confiding his views to the Times war correspondent, Colonel Charles Repington, Sir John French set in train a political upheaval back home in London which ultimately contributed to his own recall as Commander-in-Chief at the close of the year (replaced by Sir Douglas Haig).
		He did not however believe that the war secretary, Lord Kitchener, under whom responsibility for munitions production fell, was up to the task of delivering the required production overhaul.
	www.firstworldwar.com /atoz/shellscandal.htm (399 words)

	The History Guy: The War List
		These wars are placed in the Anglo-French category as an illustration of their placement in the pattern of wars between those two countries.
		The first revolt in 1895 was put down, but lingering discontent with colonial rule and exploitation led to a second revolt in 1897.
		The rebels sought the overthrow of Laurent Kabila of Congo.
	www.historyguy.com /War_list.html (4997 words)

	Europa: The History of the White Race : Chapter 27 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The wars which have become known as the Napoleonic Wars were essentially a continuation of the wars resulting from the Revolution, through which the Habsburgs of Austria and other royal houses in Europe combined in an effort to overthrow the revolutionary government of France and restore the French monarchy.
		In the War of the First Coalition, fought from 1793 to 1797, France fought against an alliance consisting of Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, Spain, the Netherlands, and the Kingdom of Sardinia.
		While the victors of the Fifth Coalition assembled at the Congress of Vienna to restore the monarchies Napoleon had overthrown, Napoleon escaped from Elba and landed in France, where, despite the defeats he had suffered and the staggering population losses his wars had caused, he was welcomed back.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/fowles/500/hwr27.htm (1941 words)

	France - Wikiality, the Truthiness Encyclopedia
		In World War I, they were such wussies they had Russia as their first choice for an ally.
		In World War II, they saw their own reflection and surrendered to it which allowed the Nazis to occupy them which was great because they were afraid that America would bring freedom to France.
		They promised to lead the peace keeping coalition in Lebanon, but realized that there might be fighting there and decided to only send 2000 troops, which is good because the only difference between 2000 French soldiers and 200,000 is fewer prisoners.
	www.wikiality.com /France (797 words)

	Coalition for Peace
		Coalition for Peace holds a weekly Peace Vigil is held every Wednesday, rain or shine, from 5:00 to 6:00 p.m.
		CFP Discussion is for general discussions and broader topics relating to the aims of the Coalition and perspectives of individual Coalition activists.
		Coalition leader Mark Weddleton is organizing showings of The Ground Truth for churches and community groups.
	www.fmclincoln.org /Coalition_for_Peace.htm (322 words)

	First War of the Coalition, 1792-1797
		First phase : Invasion of an Anglo-Prussian force, 80,000 strong, under the command of the Duke of Brunswick.
		Third Phase : the sea war : Corsica and the French colonies in the Caribbean were occupied by the British.
		During the first phase, Paris being threatened by the invading coalition army, the situation had helped the Jacobins assume power and take drastic steps, introduce the reign of terror.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/napwars/coalition1.html (1144 words)

	World History 1790- 1800 AD
		That began the War of the First Coalition.
		As war broke out between France and England, President Washington announced that the United States would be "friendly and impartial towards the belligerent powers." The Jeffersonians felt this was an insult to the French, America's first ally.
		Under the terms of the treaty France returned all of the lands captured during the war with the exception of land along the west side of the Rhine.
	www.multied.com /dates/1790ad.html (1890 words)

	French Revolutionary Wars -> First Coalition on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		On Feb. 1, 1793, France declared war on Britain and Holland, and on Mar. 7, on Spain.
		In the emergency the first Committee of Public Safety was created (Apr. 6), and a levée en masse (a draft of able-bodied males between 18 and 25) was decreed in August.
		France gradually evolved a plan calling for a three-pronged attack: Jourdan was to advance southeastward from the Low Countries; Jean Victor Moreau was to strike at S Germany; and Napoleon Bonaparte was to conquer Piedmont and Lombardy, cross the Austrian Alps, and join with Moreau and Jourdan.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/frenchrewr_firstcoalition.asp (1032 words)

	Arthur Wellesley
		During the War of the First Coalition (1793-97), he participated in the unsuccessful campaign of 1794-95 against French forces in the Netherlands.
		In 1808 he was given command of the British expeditionary forces in Portugal, where in 1810 he first made use of his famous military tactic known as the scorched-earth policy, laying waste to the countryside behind him as he and his troops moved on.
		In the ensuing Peninsular War (1808-14), which resulted in the expulsion of Napoleon's armies from Portugal and Spain, Wellesley's troops won a series of victories, especially at Talavera de la Reina (1809), Salamanca (1812), Vitoria (1813), and Toulouse (1814).
	www.uhigh.ilstu.edu /soc/nuh/nuh6.htm (680 words)

	Battles
		Jaffa was the first battle of this campaign and the city fell after only one day.
		The toll of lives on their part (Turks) was massive and Napoleon turned around the failure at Acre and left for Paris with a brilliant victory under his belt.
		Deciding to fight the Prussians first, Napoleon devised a plan to attack on several sides in order to trap the Prussian army in their fortifications and then defeat them.
	library.thinkquest.org /C0110901/battle.html (3460 words)

	CNN.com In-Depth Specials - Gulf War
		The Allied coalition consisted of 34 countries, including Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Honduras, Italy, Kuwait, Morocco, The Netherlands, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Korea, Spain, Syria, Turkey, The United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States.
		However, since the war, some scholars have concluded that the number of Iraqi soldiers who were killed was significantly less than initially reported.
		The U.S. Department of Defense has estimated the cost of the Gulf War at $61 billion; however, other sources say that number could be as high as $71 billion.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/2001/gulf.war/facts/gulfwar (373 words)

	The Boston University Washington Journalism Center
		In response to the war, the coalition announced a three-pronged plan of action that included a candlelight vigil on the first night of military action, support for American troops and the launch on Friday of a "Citizen's Declaration" that will attempt to indicate worldwide public opposition to war.
		The coalition is advocating the use of "Operation Dear Abby," a service that sends supportive messages from home to troops overseas.
		The coalition hopes the declaration will affirm the opposition of the international community to the Bush administration's first-strike doctrine.
	www.bu.edu /washjocenter/Spring_2003_Stories/deirdre_fulton/newswire_dfulton_war-3-17.htm (505 words)

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