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Topic: War of the Mantuan Succession

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	Habsburg Spain - Wikipedia
		The war was less of a success than that against Venice, and in 1516, France agreed to a truce that left Milan under French control and recognized Spanish hegemony in northern Navarre.
		Naples was retaken in 1648 and Catalonia in 1652, but the war came effectively to an end at the Battle of the Dunes where the French army under Vicomte de Turenne defeated the remnants of the Spanish army of the Netherlands.
		The Spanish were quite successful in enforcing the tax throughout their vast empire in the New World; all bullion had to pass through the House of Trade in Seville, under the direction of the Council of the Indies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Habsburg_Spain (6750 words)

	Reviews in History: The Right to be King: The Succession to the Crown of England. 1603-1714
		It was not until a late phase in the sixteenth-century Wars of Religion that the question of the nature of the royal succession became paramount; by the assassination of Henri III in 1589 the seemingly factional and confessional sequence of 'civil wars' had transformed themselves into yet another 'succession war'.
		Successive Kings of 'Spain', during the long periods in which direct male descent seemed uncertain, promised to detach elements--the Spanish Netherlands or the duchy of Milano--from their conglomerate at their death or held out the lure of the entire inheritance--constantly to the House of Savoy--in the hope of diplomatic advantage.
		Secondly, while succession by nomination retained juridical validity into the eighteenth century, the successful candidate, as was so frequently the case, had to belong to the pool of princes perceived by the political nation as having some blood right to the crown.
	www.history.ac.uk /reviews/paper/oresko.html (5947 words)

	EUGENE OF SAVOY - LoveToKnow Article on EUGENE OF SAVOY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		By means of a stratagem, however, Eugene penetrated into the city during the night, at the head of 2000 men, and, though he found it impossible to hold the town, succeeded in carrying off Villeroi as a prisoner.
		The first and perhaps the most important of these successes was that of HOchsthdt or Blenheim (q.v.) on the 3rd of August 1704, where the Englishandimperial troops triumphed over one of the finest armies that France had ever sent into Germany.
		During the years of peace between the treaty of Passarowitz and the War of the Polish Succession, Eugene occupied himself with the arts and with literature, to which he had hitherto been able to devote little of his time.
	30.1911encyclopedia.org /E/EU/EUGENE_OF_SAVOY.htm (3697 words)

	List of wars article - List of wars History warfare Prehistoric warfare Ancient warfare Medieval - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		161 - 166 - Parthian war of Lucius Verus
		1532 - 1546 Ottoman-Habsburg War in the Mediterranean
		1740 - 1748 War of the Austrian Succession
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/List_of_wars (1725 words)

	SPINOLA, AMBROGIO. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Named commander in chief in the Netherlands by Philip II in 1605, Spinola negotiated the 12-year truce of 1609.
		Early in the Thirty Years War he led (1620) an army into the Palatinate against the Protestant Union; the following year he was created marqués de los Balbases by Philip IV.
		Spinola died while trying to take Casale in the War of the Mantuan Succession.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/sp/SpinolA.html (129 words)

	Habsburg Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The war was less of a success than that against Venice, and in 1516, France agreed to a truce that left Milan in her control and recognized Spanish control of Upper Navarre.
		The intervention of Christian IV of Denmark in the war worried some (Christian was one of Europe’s few monarchs who had no worries over his finances) but the victory of the Imperial general Albert of Wallenstein over the Danes at Dessau Bridge and again at Lutter, both in 1626, eliminated that threat.
		Naples was retaken in 1648 and Catalonia in 1652, but the war came effectively to an end at the Battle of the Dunes (1658) where the French army under Vicomte de Turenne defeated the remnants of the Spanish army of the Netherlands.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/H/Habsburg-Spain.htm (8030 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In 1626 the duchy of Urbino was incorporated into the papal dominions, and in 1627 when the direct male line of the Gonzagas in Mantua became extinct, he favoured the succession of the duke of Nevers against the claims of the Hapsburgs, whose preponderance he dreaded.
		He was the last pope to extend the papal territory, and Castelfranco on the Mantuan frontier was fortified by him.
		His death (July 29 1644) is said to have been hastened by chagrin at the result of a war he had undertaken against the duke of Parma.
	www.informationgenius.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_urban_viii.html (260 words)

	History in Focus: Elizabeth I and James VI and I - review of The Right to be King
		The Act of Settlement of 1701 fused the elements of hereditary and elective monarchy with the guarantee of a succession acceptable to the political nation, and, finally, after a century of turbulent theoretical and religious debate, England - although not yet Scotland - had a juridically established law of succession.
		Succession by conquest opened the possibility of succession by a prince - or, indeed, anyone-with no blood right or juridical right to a sovereignty.
		The events of 1640 in Lisbon are remarkable: using the language of 'restoration' and specifically not 'revolution' and brandishing the cultural weapon of Lusitanism, Joao IV created a de facto Portuguese succession law, one which countenanced female succession but also succession in the illegitimate male line-the new king possessed both claims.
	www.history.ac.uk /ihr/Focus/Elizabeth/revnenner.html (5984 words)

	AoE3 History - France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		With this war's conclusion, the Wars of Religion, between the French Protestants and French Catholics, came to a close.
		In 1700, the War of the Spanish Succession broke out as Charles II died heirless and left the throne to the ascension of Philip (V), Louis XIV's grandson.
		The Legislative Assembly was not particularly successful in the administration of France, but it did manage to declare war on Austria and Prussia in the spring of 1792.
	www.cybersamurai.net /AoE3/History/France.htm (2649 words)

	MAZARIN, JULES (1602-1661) - Online Information article about MAZARIN, JULES (1602-1661)
		During the last five years of the great war it was Mazarin alone who directed the French diplomacy of the period.
		was to marry a Spanish princess, who was to renounce her claims to the Spanish succession if her dowry was paid, which Mazarin knew could not happen at present from the emptiness of the Spanish exchequer.
		That he had many a petty fault there can be no doubt; that he was avaricious and double-dealing was also undoubted; and his carnets show to what unworthy means he had recourse to maintain his influence over the queen.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MAR_MEC/MAZARIN_JULES_1602_1661_.html (1958 words)

	The Thirty Years War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Unlike earlier extended wars, such as the Hundred Years War, which were marked by truces and lulls, this war was widespread and nearly continual.
		With a couple of postscripts, the end of the war also is often used to mark the end of the Reformation era as well.
		As the result of a brief war between Rudolph and his brother Matthias, the Bohemian Estates were granted some fairly extensive rights in a charter known as the "Letter of Majesty" (1609).
	www.idbsu.edu /courses/reformation/germany/30yw.shtml (5255 words)

	III The Danish interval
		Imperial troops occupied the Danish peninsula, and Christian fled to the Danish capital of Copenhagen, on the island of Zeeland.
		But in 1628 a crisis over succession to the Dukedom of Mantua brought France and the Empire into open conflict.
		Charles Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers, a French aristocrat related to the Mantuan dukes, arrived in Mantua in January 1628 and proclaimed himself ruler.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-043.htm (662 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Jules Mazarin
		His youth was full of excitement: he accompanied the future Cardinal Colonna to Madrid; he was in turn a captain of pontifical troops and then a pontifical diplomat in the Valtelline War (1624) and the Mantuan War of Succession (1628-30).
		The truce which he negotiated (26 October, 1630) between the French, on one side, and the Spaniards and the Duke of Savoy, on the other, won for him the esteem of Richelieu, who was well pleased at his letting Pignerol fall into the hands of the French.
		One reminiscence at least of the old political ideas of Christian Europe is to be found in his will: he left the pope a fund (600,000 livres) to prosecute the war against the Turks.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10092a.htm (1416 words)

	List of wars - Simple English Wikipedia
		Between Poland and Teutonic Knights, which finally broke the power of the latter.
		1596 - 1597 The Cudgel War in Finland
		1918 - 1922 Russian Civil War, fought between "the reds" (Communists) and "the whites" (tsarists) directly after the Bolshevist Revolution.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_wars (1584 words)

	Jules Mazarin
		During this war he gave proofs of much diplomatic ability, and Pope Urban VIII entrusted him, in 1629, with the difficult task of putting an end to the war of the Mantuan succession.
		Now that the queen was all-powerful, it was expected she would at once dismiss Mazarin and summon her own friends to power.
		He made one fatal mistake -- he dreamt of the French frontier being the Rhine and the Scheldt, and that a Spanish princess might bring the Spanish Netherlands as dowry to Louis XIV.
	www.nndb.com /people/886/000094604 (1543 words)

	New College Oxford (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		His research interests are in 16th and 17th century European political, military and administrative history, specifically France and Italy during the Thirty Years War.
		He has published on the French army in the first half of the seventeenth century, on the debate about a "military revolution" in early modern Europe, the role of fortifications in Italy during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the War of the Mantuan Succession, and French foreign policy during the Thirty Years War.
		He is also widely interested in the culture and art of the baroque, and spends much of his vacations pursuing his research projects in France and Italy.
	www.new.ox.ac.uk /cgi-bin/staff_profile.cgi?42&0&infopersonnel (196 words)

	Count Walter Leslie (1606-1667) - ScotWars
		By 1624, he had escaped the financial troubles of the family and was fighting in the service of the United Provinces.
		In 1628 he was at Stralsund, on the Baltic, and by 1630 was serving on the side of the Spanish Habsburgs in the War of the Mantuan Succession (1628-31).
		By 1631, Leslie had moved northwards again, to help the Imperialist attempt to repel the Swedish under Gustav Adolph.
	www.scotwars.com /html/count_leslie.htm (790 words)

	Time Line
		374-75 Roman Wars with the Quadi and Sarmatians
		1410-11 Teutonic Knights' War with Poland and Lithuania
		1846-47 War of the Axe (Seventh Kaffir War)
	offuttairman.8m.com /timeline.htm (545 words)

	List of wars - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		1562 - 1598 Wars of Religion (aka War of the Three Henries or Huguenot Wars) in France
		1640 - 1701 French and Iroquois Wars (aka "Iroquois Wars" or the "Beaver Wars")
		1868 - 1869 Boshin War between the Tokugawa Shogunate and the pro-Imperial forces in Japan
	www.iridis.com /List_of_wars (1978 words)

	I Wish -- Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Edit of Nantes- * The Edict of Nantes was issued on April 13, 1598 by Henry IV of France to grant French Protestants (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in a Catholic nation
		* he negotiated an end to the War of the Mantuan Succession between France and Spain.
		* concluded the War of the Spanish Succession
	www.greatestjournal.com /users/beautifulwish/2004/05/17 (872 words)

	Ferdinand II -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He contrived with difficulty to remain neutral, despite pressure from Spain, in the War of the Mantuan Succession (1628–31) and in the later Franco-Spanish hostilities of the Thirty Years' War.
		Includes a few associated photographs from the war.
		Hemingway spent part of the war in his fishing boat, tracking German submarines in the Caribbean
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9034024 (895 words)

	L - Li - List Of Wars - Dictionary Plus.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		L - Li - List Of Wars - Dictionary Plus.info
		1964 - 1973 Vietnam War between the U.S-led coalition (including the government of South Vietnam) and the National Liberation Front (NLF), backed by North Vietnam
		War of the Ring - (The Lord of the Rings)
	www.dictionaryplus.info /library/report.php/l/li/list_of_wars.html (1596 words)

	Mazarin, Jules Cardinal -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		Giulio Raimondo Mazarini A member of the papal diplomatic service (1627–34), he negotiated an end to the War of the Mantuan Succession between France and Spain.
		He served as papal nuncio to the French court (1634–36), where he admired cardinal de Richelieu.
		prominent figure during the French civil wars of the Fronde.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9371621 (805 words)

	Religious and Moral Poems by Phillis Wheatley
		Or claim the Muses with the Mantuan Sage;
		War with each princedom, throne, and pow'r is o'er,
		And runs to greet his brethren of the war.
	emotionalliteracyeducation.com /classic_books_online/whtly10.htm (8054 words)

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