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Topic: War of the Quadruple Alliance

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	Encyclopedia: Dutch War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Dutch War ( 1672 – 1678) was a war fought between France and a quadruple alliance consisting of Brandenburg, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, and the United Provinces.
		Wars of the United Provinces The War of Devolution (May 24, 1667 - May 2, 1668) was a war between Louis XIVs France and Habsburg Spain fought in the Spanish Netherlands.
		The War of the Quadruple Alliance was a small European war fought between 1718 and 1720, mostly in Italy, between Spain on the one side, and the Quadruple Alliance of Austria, France, Great Britain, and the United Provinces.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Dutch-War (1557 words)

	Quadruple Alliance
		Quadruple Alliance means several historical alliances, starting with an alliance between Austria, France, the Netherlands and Britain in 1718, aimed at revising (principally at Spain 's expense) the settlement which ended the War of the Spanish Succession.
		A second Quadruple Alliance was that of 1815 between Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia, aimed at upholding the settlement following the Napoleonic Wars : with France's admission in 1818, it became the Quintuple Alliance[?], though British government distaste for the other allies' reactionary policies meant that it lapsed into ineffectiveness after the mid-1820s.
		The Quadruple Alliance of 1834 was formed by Britain, France, Spain and Portugal to support queen Isabella II of Spain against her uncle Don Carlos, Count of Molina, who claimed the Spanish throne under the succession law of 1714-1830.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/qu/Quadruple_Alliance.html (129 words)

	War of the Quadruple Alliance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The War of the Quadruple Alliance was a minor European war fought between 1718 and 1720, mostly in Italy, between Spain on the one side, and the Quadruple Alliance of Austria, France, Great Britain, and the United Provinces.
		Opposition to Philip's ambitions led France, Britain, and Holland to join together in the Triple Alliance on January 4, 1717, and in November of that year Philip made war on Emperor Charles VI by invading the island of Sardinia, given to Austria by the Treaty of Utrecht ending the War of the Spanish Succession.
		On August 11, at the Battle of Cape Passaro, Byng's British fleet destroyed the Spanish fleet, and in December 1718, the French, British, and Austrians declared war on Spain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/War_of_the_Quadruple_Alliance (317 words)

	Quadruple Alliance biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The term " Quadruple Alliance " refers to several historical military alliances ; none of which remain in effect.
		1- The Quadruple Alliance of 1718 was an alliance between Austria, France, the Netherlands and Britain - aimed at revising (principally at Spain 's expense) the treaties which ended the War of the Spanish Succession.
		3- The Quadruple Alliance of 1834 was formed by Britain, France, Spain and Portugal to support queen Isabella II of Spain against her uncle Don Carlos, Count of Molina, who claimed the Spanish throne under the succession law of 1714-1830.
	quadruple-alliance.biography.ms (94 words)

	quadruple - definition by dict.die.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		quadruple adj 1: having four units or components; "quadruple rhythm has four beats per measure" [syn: quadruplicate, fourfold ] 2: four times as great or many; "a fourfold increase in the dosage" [syn: fourfold ] n : a quantity that is four times as great as another v : increase fourfold; "His stock earning quadrupled"
		Quadruple time (Mus.), that in which each measure is divided into four equal parts.
		quadruple, L. quadruplum.] four times the sum or number; a fourfold amount; as, to receive to quadruple of the amount in damages.
	dict.die.net /quadruple (128 words)

	War of the Spanish Succession - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		The war proceeded for over a decade, and was marked by the military leadership of notable generals such as the Duc de Villars and the Duke of Berwick for France, the Duke of Marlborough for England, and Prince Eugene of Savoy for the Austrians.
		The war was concluded by the treaties of Utrecht (1713) and Rastatt (1714).
		As the War of the Grand Alliance came to a close in 1697, the issue of the Spanish succession was becoming critical.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession (3642 words)

	War of Spanish Succession, 1701-1714
		The war began in earnest in 1702 in the Spanish Netherlands and in Italy.
		The War began with an Austrian army invading Lombardy in 1701, with the objective of conquering Milan.
		In 1717 a Spanish fleet retook Sardinia, in 1718 landed on Sicily; the War of the Quadruple Alliance ensued, which brought a Spanish defeat; Sardinia and Sicily had to be returned.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/18cen/spansucc.html (1267 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 3 March 1918
		Warships of the States which continue in the state of war with the Powers of the Quadruple Alliance, in so far as they are within Russian sovereignty, will be treated as Russian warships.
		Article XI As regards the economic relations between the Powers of the Quadruple Alliance and Russia the regulations contained in Appendices II-V are determinative....
		The Russian Government obligates itself, upon the desire of one of the powers of the Quadruple Alliance, to execute the exchange of the documents of ratification within a period of two weeks.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/brestlitovsk.htm (1035 words)

	WHKMLA : War of the Quadruple Alliance, 1718-1720
		In the War of Spanish Succession 1701-1714, Philip V. of Spain could hold on to Spain proper and the Spanish colonial empire, but had to cede Spain's possessions in the Low Countries and Italy to Austria respectively Savoy and Prussia.
		Spain did not give up the idea of regaining lost territories in Italy; the Kingdom of Two Sicilies was regained in the War of Polish Succession (1733-1735), Parma in the War of Austrian Succession (1741-1748); both wars saw Spain as a French ally.
		Renunciation of the Emperor Charles VI to the Spanish Thrones, from Royal House of Bourbon
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/18cen/quadrall17181720.html (474 words)

	Wars of Great Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The War of the Spanish Succession (1701—1714) was a major European war that arose in 1701 after the death of the last Spanish Habsburgs king, Charles II of Spain.
		The war proceeded for over a decade, and was marked by the military leadership of notable generals such as the Claude-Louis-Hector de Villars and the James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed for France, the John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough for England, and Eugene of Savoy for the Austrians.
		The war was concluded by the treaties of Treaty of Utrecht (1713) and First Congress of Rastatt.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Wars-of-Great-Britain (3797 words)

	Printable Version on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Quadruple Alliance of 1718 was formed by Great Britain, France, the Holy Roman emperor, and the Netherlands when Philip V of Spain, guided by Cardinal Alberoni, sought by force to nullify the peace settlements reached after the War of the Spanish Succession (see Utrecht, Peace of).
		On the same day that treaty was signed (Nov. 20), the Quadruple Alliance was renewed in order to insure the treaty's execution.
		The Quadruple Alliance of 1834 was formed by Great Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal for the purpose of strengthening the constitutional government of Spain and the throne of Isabella II against the Carlists.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.asp?url=/ssi/Q/Quadrupl.html (242 words)

	Naval Air Station Pensacola
		After the war, the ruins at the yard were cleared away and work was begun to rebuild the base.
		At war’s end, seaplanes, dirigibles, and free kite balloons were housed in steel and wooden hangars stretching a mile down the air station beach.
		War in Korea presented problems as the military was caught in the midst of transition from propellers to jets, and the air station revised its courses and training techniques.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/facility/pensacola.htm (2949 words)

	Search Results for "Alliance"
		The Quadruple Alliance of 1718 was formed by Great Britain, France, the Holy Roman emperor, and the Netherlands...
		...Canadian Alliance, political party that has its origins in the Reform party of Canada, which was founded in 1987 in Winnipeg, Man., as a W Canada-based conservative...
		...Grand Alliance, War of the, 1688-97, war between France and a coalition of European powers, known as the League of Augsburg (and, after 1689, as the Grand Alliance)....
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=col65&query=Alliance (276 words)

	A History of Europe, Chapter 11
		War was the hobby of Gustavus Adolphus, the "Lion of the North," and because he was good at it, he rushed from one campaign to the next, using the spoils of his victories to keep the Swedish treasury full.
		It involved many changes in how wars were fought: the first widespread use of gunpowder weapons, a revolution in tactics as arquebusiers and pikemen learned to cooperate, a revolution in recruitment (because the skills involved were uncommon enough to make any skilled fighter, including mercenaries, an asset worth having), and a revolution in scale.
		During the War of the Grand Alliance, the French navy defeated the Anglo-Dutch fleet at the battle of Beachy Head (1690), but two years later it was wiped out in the disastrous battle of battle of La Hogue.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /europe/eu11.html (18610 words)

	High Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 1702 England and The Netherlands declared war on France and Spain.
		In 1718 Britain entered into the Quadruple Alliance with France, the Netherlands, and the Holy Roman Emperor in opposition to Philip V of Spain.
		The Seven Years' War was fought between a coalition of Austria, France, Russia, Sweden and Saxony and Prussia (led by Frederick the Great).
	www.contemplator.com /england/germany.html (149 words)

	War of the Quadruple Alliance & Jacobite Rebellion, 1718-1720
		War of the Quadruple Alliance & Jacobite Rebellion, 1718-1720
		The war of the Quadruple Alliance was a dynastic and territorial struggle originating in Spain.
		The Hapsburg Holy Roman Emperor Karl VI also harboured continuing hostility to Felipe after the War of the Spanish Succession, but was already embroiled in a war with Turkey, and could not immediately join another war in Europe.
	www.regiments.org /wars/18thcent/19sp-stu.htm (963 words)

	Index of Major Wars
		War of the Quadruple Alliance (2 Aug 1718 - 17 Feb 1720)
		Anglo-American War of 1812 (19 Jun 1812 - 8 Jan 1815)
		War of the Pacific, "Nitrate War" (1879 - 1883)
	www.worldstatesmen.org /WARS.html (357 words)

	Quadruple Alliance
		The Quadruple Alliance of 1718 was formed by Great Britain, France, the Holy Roman emperor, and the Netherlands when Philip V of Spain, guided by Cardinal
		The Quadruple Alliance of Mar., 1814, was concluded among Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia at Chaumont, France, in order to strengthen their coalition against Napoleon I. After Napoleon's first abdication the four powers made peace with France (see
		The Quadruple Alliance of 1834 was formed by Great Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal for the purpose of strengthening the constitutional government of Spain and the throne of Isabella II against the
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0840706.html (301 words)

	Definition of Military alliance
		A Military alliance is an agreement between two, or more, countries ; related to wartime planning, commitments, and/or contingencies; such agreements can be both defensive and offensive.
		War of the Grand Alliance (Nine Years War)
		Iraq war coalition - group of nations which have offered various degrees of support for the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Military_alliance (312 words)

	Anglo-Spanish War, 1727-1729
		The War of the Quadruple Alliance had been rather disastrous for Spain, notably leaving Britain in possession of Gibraltar (siezed in an earlier war).
		The British maintained their hold on Gibraltar with little difficulty, and the conflict degenerated into a war of words until both sides eventually lost interest.
		Meanwhile, Britain's never-ending cycle of balance-of-power conflicts with Spain had led to the War of Jenkins' Ear in 1739 and participation in the War of the Austrian Succession in 1743.
	www.regiments.org /wars/18thcent/27spain.htm (617 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Quadruple Alliance@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		QUADRUPLE ALLIANCE [Quadruple Alliance] any of several European alliances.
		Warner and other cable companies are studying marketing alliances with cellphone providers, said Amanda Sabia, an analyst...
		23-25) and made triple or quadruple the size of the traditional isigege (which is most often a panel of bead fabric, but sometimes just a clump of beads).
	www.highbeam.com /ref/doc0.asp?docid=1E1:Quadrupl (505 words)

	The Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
		Russia obligates herself to conclude peace at once with the Ukrainian People's Republic and to recognize the treaty of peace between that State and the Powers of the Quadruple Alliance.
		The contracting parties mutually renounce compensation for their war expenses, i.e., of the public expenditures for the conduct of the war, as well as compensation for war losses, i.e., such losses as were caused [by] them and their nationals within the war zones by military measures, inclusive of all requisitions effected in enemy country.
		As regards the economic relations between the Powers of the Quadruple Alliance and Russia the regulations contained in Appendices II-V are determinative....
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/1918/brestlitovsk.html (1088 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: CHICKEN WAR
		As the Texas manifestation of the War of the Quadruple Alliance in Europe, the Chicken War caused abandonment of the Spanish Franciscan missions in eastern Texas in 1719.
		In the meantime the war ended, and the operation, planned as one of reconquest, became merely one of reoccupation.
		The Chicken War represented a costly overreaction by Spanish religious and military men to a feeble French gesture.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/CC/qfc2.html (737 words)

	Articles - War of the Spanish Succession (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		However, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, marquis de Torcy, the French foreign secretary, successfully argued that whether France accepted the whole or a part of the Spanish Empire, it would still have to fight Austria, which did not accept the nature of the partition stipulated by the Treaty of London.
		William III of England, however, could not declare war against France, since he did not have the support of the elites who determined policy in both England and the United Provinces.
		The Dutch were permitted to retain various forts in the Spanish Netherlands, and were permitted to annex a part of Spanish Guelders.
	www.free-biz.org /articles/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession (3389 words)

	Quadruple Alliance -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		alliance formed on April 22, 1834, between Britain, France, and the more liberal claimants to the thrones of Spain and Portugal against the conservative claimants to those thrones.
		The alliance successfully supported Maria Cristiana, who was acting as regent for Isabella II in Spain and had allied herself with the liberals against the pretender Don Carlos in the First…
		alliance first formed in 1813, during the final phase of the Napoleonic Wars, by Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia, for the purpose of defeating Napoleon, but conventionally dated from Nov. 20,...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9062143 (662 words)

	The Treaties of Utrecht
		Treaty of the Quadruple Alliance, Aug 2, 1718
		The war resulted from a dispute over who should inherit Spain and its possessions after its Habsburg rulers became extinct in 1700.
		This renunciation was accepted by the king of Spain on 20 Jan 1720 and the treaty of the Quadruple Alliance of 1718 ratified by him on Feb 17, 1720.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/france/utrecht.htm (1147 words)

	George I, (1660-1727), elector of Hanover (1698-1727), king of Great Britain and Ireland (1714-1727) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		He was present in the army that defeated the Turks at the battle of Vienna (12 September 1683), which allowed the Hapsburgs to conquer Hungary.
		On the death of Queen Anne, he became king of Great Britain, but still spent most of his time in Germany, and never became popular in England, although the first Jacobite Revolt (1715) was easily defeated.
		As king of England, he soon found himself allied with France under Louis XV in the War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718-20), aimed at stopping the union of France and Spain under Philip of Spain, Louis' uncle.
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/people_george1.html (285 words)

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