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Topic: War on Powder River

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Johnson County War

Powder River Country

Johnson County, Wyoming

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Hugh Jackman

	The Hudson River Valley Institute - JOURNAL OF THE SECOND ESOPUS WAR
		Said they came from the river side and that they had been at the Redoubt where they had traded some fish for tobacco; that they had left their canoe at the redoubt, and that they are Wappinger Indians.
		Convened the Council of war and resolved and concluded to set out on another expedition against the Esopus Indians next Monday being the 1st of October, and each man shall be furnished with three pounds of biscuit, one pound of powder and one pound of ball for the expedition.
		Accompanied the detachment to the shore and conversed with the Sachem in the presence of Capt Thomas Chambers and Sergeant Jan Peersen.
	www.hudsonrivervalley.net /colonialAmericaLesson/esopusjournal1863.php (13373 words)

	Capua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		this be referred not to its capture the second Punic War (211 BC) but to its submission to Rome 338 BC we get about 600 BC as the date of its foundation period at which the Etruscan power was its highest and which may perhaps therefore accepted.
		The importance of Capua increased steadily during 3rd century and at the beginning of the Punic War it was considered to be slightly behind Rome and Carthage themselves and was able to furnish 000 infantry and 4000 cavalry.
		Parts of it sold in 205 and 199 BC another part was divided among the of the new colonies of Tolturnum and established near the coast in 194 BC but the greater portion of it reserved to be let by the state.
	www.freeglossary.com /Capua (1623 words)

	River Mill History
		River Mill is one of the oldest manufacturing sites in North Carolina.
		When the end of the Civil War drew near and Sherman drew nearer, the mill's machinery was dismantled and hidden.
		After the war, the mill operated as the Falls of Neuse Manufacturing Company, and the Forest Manufacturing Company, milling paper, lumber and flour.
	www.rivermill.org /Pages/history.html (598 words)

	13. Pausing for War
		The iron cannon and wooden platform near its edge are barely visible from the river, obscured by trees that have conquered the trenches and mounds of soil.
		Occasionally there are those who campaign to raise the remainders of the old ironclads, not to clear the river or to reclaim the metal but to remember a simpler, more vulnerable style of battle when the river's topography was crucial to the outcome of a war.
		The economic toll of a protracted war, the burning of Richmond along the river, and a slow reconstruction were particularly devastating to the riverside industry.
	www.vcu.edu /engweb/Rivertime/chp13.htm (2620 words)

	EP -Winter-Spring 2004 - Green River Ordnance Plant
		Green River was the first, and possibly the only, plant in the country to produce the rocket-propelled bazooka ammunition.
		Green River Ordnance Plant was presented with the Army-Navy "E" flag for production efficiency in July 1944 and earned another two stars to add to the flag by the end of the war.
		When World War II ended, production ceased and the plant's contaminated wood and unused explosives, including 180,000 pounds of smokeless powder, were burned at the plant's Burning Grounds Reservation.
	www.epa.state.il.us /environmental-progress/v29/n1/green-river.html (1275 words)

	Chapter 6: The War of 1812
		The conduct of the war in 1812 and 1813 revealed deficiencies in the administration of the War Department that would plague the American cause to the end.
		River in the vicinity of Fort Erie and, after assaulting the fort, either to move against Fort George and Newark or to seize and hold a bridge over the Chippewa River, as he saw fit.
		The militia, occasionally competent, was never dependable, and in the nationalistic period that followed the war when the exploits of the Regulars were justly celebrated, an ardent young Secretary of War, John Calhoun, would be able to convince Congress and the nation that the first line of defense should be a standing army.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/amh/amh-06.htm (8946 words)

	Red River War-Weapons
		Prior to the Indian Wars of the mid-1870s, the preferred weapons of the U.S. Army were the Spencer repeating carbine and.50 caliber, single shot Springfield rifle and Sharps carbine.
		At the Battle of Red River on August 30, 1874, Col. Nelson Miles used the Gatling against the Southern Cheyenne—the first time the gun was used in combat west of the Mississippi River.
		Another piece of artillery that was used by the Army during the Red River War was the mountain howitzer.
	www.texasbeyondhistory.net /redriver/weapons.html (780 words)

	Johnson County War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Johnson County War, also known as the War on Powder River or Wyoming Civil War, was a range war which took place in Johnson County, Wyoming, in the Powder River Country, in April 1892.
		The end of the violence was enforced by public disgust at the 1909 Tensleep Raid, in which three sheep workers were killed by fifteen masked men (Pfeifer 2004).
		The Johnson County War, with its overtones of class warfare, and intervention of the President of the United States to save the lives of a gang of hired killers and set them free, does not fit in well with the American myth of the west.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Johnson_County_War (1105 words)

	New River Air Station History
		Capturing the community’s imagination, New River is a key component in our nation’s national defense and has been since it was purchased for $64,502 in 1941.
		As World War II came to an end, Peterfield Point was closed and reverted back to caretaker status.
		The MV-22 Osprey is one of six types of aircraft housed at New River and is scheduled to replace the Marine Corps fleet of CH-46 and CH-53 helicopters.
	www.newriver.usmc.mil /history.htm (475 words)

	The Joseph Henry Papers Project
		In the first days of the war, volunteer troops trying to reach Washington from the north were attacked by secessionist mobs in Baltimore and, in fact, the first soldiers to die were killed in Baltimore.
		After the war Henry wrote ex-president Millard Fillmore that the Permanent Commission saved the "government from rushing into many schemes which, under the guise of patriotism, were intended to advance individual interests." Henry later attributed various attacks on him to inventors whose proposals he had rejected as a member of the Permanent Commission.
		Bruce has concluded that "science and scientific technology had little effect on the war." He also concluded that the war actually had a negative effect on science, by diverting personnel and resources, and on individual scientists, who were distracted at the least and sometimes killed.
	www.si.edu /archives/ihd/jhp/Civilwar.htm (6338 words)

	Inventory of the Johnson County War Collection: 1884-1893 (bulk 1892)
		The Johnson County War, also known as the War on Powder Creek, was a range war between large cattle ranchers and small ranchers in northern Wyoming in April 1892.
		The Johnson County War Collection (1884-1893) contains financial and legal documents related to the cattle industry and the range war in Johnson County, Wyoming, in April 1892.
		Eventually, the disappearance of the two trappers who had witnessed the killing of Champion and Ray and the high financial cost of the trial to Johnson County led for the filing for dismissal of the case.
	www.lib.utexas.edu /taro/tamucush/00155/tamu-00155.html (2056 words)

	King Philip's War
		In the 55-year span between the arrival of the Mayflower and the outbreak of King Philip's War, the English had prospered, multiplied and expanded their settlements while the natives were in a slow state of decline from diseases introduced by the Europeans and loss of tribal lands to the whites.
		The fertile valley along the Connecticut River produced thousands of bushels of grain each year and was known as the breadbasket of New England.
		In autumn of 1675, the Nipmucks and Wampanoags were joined on the warpath by tribes that lived along the Connecticut River including the Pocumtucks (residing in along the northern part of the river), Squakheags (residing in present day Northfield) and the Norwottocks (greater Hadley).
	www.tauntonriver.org /kingphilipwar.htm (1988 words)

	Powder Horn Map (Memory): American Treasures of the Library of Congress
		Because maps were scarce at the time, it is possible that map-inscribed powder horns served as guides for their owners, but it is more likely that the map images provided records or mementos of the areas that the owners traversed or the campaigns in which they were involved.
		It shows the Hudson and Mohawk River valleys, as well as Lake Champlain and Lake Ontario, waterways that served as the major arteries of travel between New York City (portrayed pictorially at the bottom of the horn) and the St. Lawrence River Valley to the north, and the Great Lakes to the west.
		This powder horn was part of the Peter Force Collection, which the Library of Congress purchased by an act of Congress in 1867.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/treasures/trm003.html (363 words)

	Delaware City - Fort Delaware
		Largely abandoned after the Civil War, the fort was modernized in 1896 by the addition of "disappearing" guns at the south end of the fort.
		Fort DuPont is located on the shores of the Delaware River at the original Chesapeake and Delaware Canal near Delaware City.
		During the War of 1812 cannons were mounted on its shore to defend the Delaware River against the British
	www.delawarecity.info /history_fortdel.html (929 words)

	LakotaArchives.com - Print Journey to Pine Ridge Reservation Article
		The new Red Cloud Agency was closer to the Powder River camps of Oglala, and these Oglala (including Crazy Horse's warrior camp) often came to the new agency to protest against the white invasions of their country.
		The Powder River Sioux were frequently antagonistic toward the agency Sioux who, they thought, were too sympathetic to white demands.
		The refusal of the Sioux to move to the Missouri River was also argued to be a violation of the treaty.
	www.lakotaarchives.com /lakridgepr.html (2881 words)

	GORP - Little Red River, Arkansas
		The condition of the river is dependent upon generation periods of the powerhouse at the dam.
		The river has healthy populations of chain pickerel, spotted and smallmouth bass, green and longear sunfish, rock bass and bluegills.
		The river boasts a sharp fall creating a series of rapids that can be treacherous during periods of heavy rainfall.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/resource/us_river/ar/littlred.htm (1216 words)

	[No title]
		With such a rough element in their country as these miners and settlers, many of them bloody-minded and unprincipled men, and most of them holding the opinion that it was right and altogether proper that the natives should be killed, it was impossible to have peace.
		Of this amount $17,800, including payment for the improvements on the reserved lands, was deducted from the sum paid to the Indians for their lands, which left only $29,000 to be paid by congress, which claims, together with those of the volunteers, were finally settled on that basis.
		The United States agreed to pay for the whole Rogue River Valley thus sold the sum of $60,000, after deducting $15,000 for indemnity for losses of property by settlers; $5,000 of the remaining $45,000 to be expended in agricultural implements, blankets, clothing, and other goods deemed by the sup.
	gesswhoto.com /rogue-river-war.html (3216 words)

	Coon River Mercantile - Civil War Reenactments Events Schedule
		January 17-18, 2004 Hernando County, FL Recreation of an 1864 battle in Hernando County, this is the largest civil war reenactment in Florida.
		War Between the States encampments and battle reenactments.
		November tbd, 2004 Washington, AR Old Washington Historic State Park hosts living history and battles Saturday and Sunday portraying the war as it was in Southwest Arkansas when Washington served as the Confederate Capital of the state.
	www.coonriver.com /schedule.htm (1989 words)

	GORP - White River - Arkansas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The first 31 miles of the White River are similar to the beginning stretches of other Ozark streams-fast and furious in the wet months, and comparatively calm the rest of the year.
		Here the river is considerably larger and, because of the hydro-power discharges from deep within the lake, very cold-just right, in fact, for rainbow, brown, and cutthroat trout.
		No matter how they get on the river, visitors need to remember that the stream is subject to sudden fluctuations because of power generation at the dam.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/resource/us_river/ar/whitervr.htm (1662 words)

	Mike Shonsey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In desperation, the small cattlemen and homesteaders of the Powder River country formed an organization of their own, and gave it the impressive title of Northern Wyoming Farmers and Stock Growers Association.
		One of their first actions was to announce their intention of holding their own roundup anywhere and any time they pleased; they were not to be called "rustlers" just because they had homesteaded land in the cattle country; and they had as much right to the mavericks (unbranded steers) as the big ranchers.
		The Johnson County group was a collection of riled-up cowboys, led by Nate Champion, who had a spread on the Middle Fork of Powder River, known as the KC ranch.
	www.gwheeler.com /shonsey.htm (2714 words)

	Willow Creek Ranch Cowboy General Store; cowboy poetry, outlaw books, Butch Cassidy, Hole in the wall
		"On a blizzardy morning in 1892, 50 armed men surrounded the cabin on Powder River where two cattle rustlers had spent the night.
		The first rustler was shot as he came down the path for a bucket of water.
		It was another skirmish in the War on Powder River.
	www.willowcreekranch.com /GS-BkPowderRiverWar.html (168 words)

	Bannerman Island History -- A Hudson River Jewel
		At the close of the Civil War, the U.S. government auctioned off military goods by the ton, mostly to be scrapped for their metal.
		At the close of the Spanish American War, Frank Bannerman purchased 90 percent of all captured goods in a sealed bid, and it became necessary to find a secure place to store their large quantity of very volatile fl powder.
		Also scattered about were invaluable relics such as the chain placed across the river at West Point during the Revolution (though some question its authenticity), a table owned by General Washington, and arctic equipment Admiral Perry used on his trip to the North Pole.
	www.hudsonriver.com /bannerman.htm (2059 words)

	The Battle of Tippecanoe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Harrison’s army stopped north of modern Terra Haute, on the east bank of the Wabash on October 3, and proceeded to construct Fort Harrison.
		Leaving a garrison behind, it left on October 29, constructing a supply post near the mouth of the Vermillion River on October 31.
		The American soldiers were expected to be in deep sleep, huddled in their blankets, their powder dampened by the rain.
	www.wargamer.com /articles/tippecanoe/page2.asp (455 words)

	The Chronicle: Colloquy: Responses
		The most effective Indian military operations in the wars for the hunting lands was for a large force to attack an unsuspecting winter camp (when the tribal organization broke down into component bands).
		My sources are very diffuse, but the ferocity of wars of Indians against Indians can be appreciated by anyone who will take the trouble to read the writings of the trader Denig.
		Until almost the very end of the "Indian wars," the Plains tribes did not understand that they really needed to be concerned with the U.S. Army.
	chronicle.com /colloquy/2001/logo/105.htm (1535 words)

	Nate Champion and the Red Sash Gang
		This war was fought by a consortium of wealthy ranchers against squatters, outlaws, and rustlers who were stealing them blind.
		Helena Huntington Smith in her comprehensive book, The War on Powder River, McGraw Hill, gives the impression that the settlers in northern Wyoming were sometimes called and called themselves the Red Sash Gang, but that only a few real outlaws were called the "Red Sashes."
		A war chest that would eventually amount to over $100,000 was raised and the call went out for hired guns.
	www.gunnyragg.com /redsash.htm (2647 words)

	The Civil War Artillery Page
		Only about six percent of the soldiers in the American Civil War were enrolled in the artillery branch of the service, yet the artillery played a pivotal role in almost every major engagement of the War.
		From the massed Union batteries at Stones River and Malvern Hill to the intrepid field work of Pelham's horse artillery at Fredericksburg, the big guns were always a factor, and often the decisive one.
		Much of the focus is on the field artillery, which saw the most battle action during the War, but the growing Encyclopedia of Civil War Artillery provides examples of every type.
	www.cwartillery.org /artillery.html (353 words)

	Canku Ota - July 28, 2001 - This Date in North American Indian History
		After years of conflict over the Bozeman Trail along the Powder River, the War Department finally gives in to indian's, and particularly Red Cloud's, demands and starts abandoning its forts.
		The fort was begun by fur traders as Fort William in 1834 where the North Platte and Laramie rivers meet.
		They and Principal Chief John Ross will sign a resolultion stating that the laws of the CHEROKEE Nation remain in effect and their right to exist as a nation cannot be dissolved by the American Government.
	www.turtletrack.org /Issues01/Co07282001/CO_07282001_Thisdate.htm (1075 words)

	Combat Chronicle- 91st Infantry Division
		On 12 July, the Division fought as a unit near Chianni, Italy, for the high ground dominating the Arno River.
		After crossing the Po River on the 23d, the Division swung to the northeast, crossing the Adige River, 26 April, and reaching.
		All enemy forces in Italy surrendered, 2 May, and the 91st was assigned occupational duties in the Province of Venezia-Giulia, including the Trieste area.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/lineage/cc/091id.htm (460 words)

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