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Topic: Ward Christensen

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	CBBS
		Christensen had created a file transfer protocol for sending binary computer files through modem connections, which was called, simply, MODEM.
		Christensen and Suess become enamored of the idea of creating a computerized answering machine and message center, which would allow members to call in with their then-new modems and leave announcements for upcoming meetings.
		As Christensen and Suess went their separate ways, the CBBS name lived on, and survives to an extent as a web-based forum on Suess' website, chinet.com.
	www.teachtime.com /en/wikipedia/c/cb/cbbs.html (409 words)

	the birth of the BBS - fUSION Anomalog.
		Ward Christensen, mainframe programmer and home computer hobbyist, was stuck at home behind drifts too thick to dig.
		Ward called Randy, complained about the weather, and said wouldn't it be a smart idea to have a computer on the phone line where people could leave messages.
		Christensen wrote the BIOS and all the drivers (as well as the small matter of the bulletin board code itself), while Suess took care of five million solder joints and the odd unforeseen problem.
	fusionanomaly.net /anomalog/node.php?id=488 (862 words)

	FHOF: The Origin of Computer Bulletin Boards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Ward says it meant Computerized Bulletin Board System and all the early Boards were termed a CBBS until the C was eventually dropped.
		Ward had been a college physics major and programmed mainframes for IBM.
		Ward wrote the BBS software in 8080 assembler and served as the system operator, a term quickly shortened to sysop.
	www.freewarehof.org /ward.html (485 words)

	Ward Christensen -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Ward Christensen -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Ward Christensen was the founder of the (additional info and facts about CBBS) CBBS (A board that hangs on a wall; displays announcements) bulletin board.
		When he needed to send files to Randy, he wrote (additional info and facts about XMODEM) XMODEM.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/w/wa/ward_christensen.htm (50 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Ward's interview stands as the most stressful of all of them, simply because of the pressure of interviewing the guy who invented the thing the documentary is about.
		Ward was, as I guess I should have expected, an aging quiet fellow with glasses and greying hair, with his flute-like voice able to be heard across the room as he got excited talking about things.
		Ward was, as I had hoped, both talkative and informed.
	www.bbsdocumentary.com /photos/015ward (1122 words)

	Council scraps park plan 10/26/2000
		Christensen also said the city will continue its efforts to annex the base, and to advocate on behalf of Measure F, the anti-airport voter initiative that passed by a 67 percent countywide vote in March.
		Ward also noted the state could get the El Toro land from the federal government without having to go through the county, which is the local planning authority.
		Christensen, Ward and Smith were all insistent that they still support a park, and that the change should not be interpreted as a council turning its back on something residents have said they want.
	www.irvineworldnews.com /Astories/oct26/parkplan.html (1003 words)

	History of the Internet: First Computer Bulletin Board System (Chapter 3 Excerpt)
		Christensen, a physicist by education and a mainframe programmer by profession, was an electronics hobbyist in his spare time.
		Christensen and Suess lived in Chicago, where winters bring below-freezing temperatures and piles of snow, and in January 1978 there was plenty of indoor time for programming and fiddling with digital equipment.
		In November 1978 Christensen and Suess publish an article in Byte magazine, describing CBBS and outlining the technology for devising virtual bulletin boards.
	www.historyoftheinternet.com /chap3.html (926 words)

	Mattox \| Present at the Footnote
		Christensen shortly thereafter was called to the residence by the Ambassador and he too was taken prisoner.
		The Ambassador and Christensen were then, finally, led away from their captors by the French and Mexican ambassadors -- just as a PanAm jet arrived with a great roar, scaring us all to death because of the racket and our inability to interpret over the radio just what it was and what was going on.
		Ward Christensen was soon sent to Salzburg, Austria, as consul and principal officer.
	www.unc.edu /depts/diplomat/AD_Issues/amdipl_11/mattox_haiti.html (1029 words)

	CBBS
		Ward: Also, we e had a regular physical bulletin board for our computer club, and computerizing it was an obvious move.
		Ward: We started out using a Teletype for logging, and Randy used to send me hundreds of feet of paper at a time.
		Ward: We feel we have a responsibility as the first and probably the busiest system operating.
	www.portcommodore.com /cbbs.php?path=main-cbmidx-comhist (1467 words)

	The Birth of the BBS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		On the motherboard was some 8080 cpu (upgraded to a Z80) a Hayes 300 baud modem card, a 3P+S board with the parallel port used for control signals, a Processor Technology VDM video display card, and an 8k memory board.
		I had a EPROM burner, and Ward made sure all the BIOS variables and experimentor stuff ended up in the last 1702.
		Ward wrote a wrapper around CP/M-CBBS, and CBBS has been running that way for over 15 years.
	chinet.com /html/cbbs.html (1337 words)

	[No title]
		Ward, 916 F.2d 1485, 1486 (lOth Cir.), cert.
		In other cases, courts have directed their clerks not to accept any new filings by a party until sanctions imposed in prior proceedings are paid.
		Ward, 916 F.2d at 1485 (directing the clerk not to accept any new filings)) indicates nothing more than the substantial breadth of "the permissible range of the court's discretion." See Link v.
	www.usdoj.gov /osg/briefs/1996/w961968w.txt (1477 words)

	What ever happened to real bulletinboard systems? First off, I'd like to make it perfectly
		Ward Christensen and Randy Suess wanted a way to leave notes and messages to their programmer/engineer friends.
		Ward and Randy devloped the concept of the BBS.
		Ward and Randy were the only ones who were running the program.
	www.skepticfiles.org /cowtext/bbs/bbsdeath.htm (1218 words)

	BLOG'a'Boulder from Dark Cloud's The Boulder Lout
		She is able to do this because the idiot Republicans insist that Ward Churchill be fired because he holds views repellent to most of us.
		Ward Churchill, ever pandering to PC currents, wrote this up.
		Their reputations, we are to believe, are on the line from budget cuts, the football scandal, and now the Ward Churchill issue.
	www.darkendeavors.com /blogaboulder.asp?n=263 (4379 words)

	From Bulletin Boards to Blogs
		Christensen and Suess started discussing the club newsletter, which was always looking for articles.
		The previous year, Christensen had written a pioneering computer program, later called "Xmodem," that allowed people to exchange files over phone lines via their brand-new modems.
		Christensen mused about how convenient it would be if club officers could simply download articles to a central computer, then print them for inclusion in the club newsletter.
	www.technologyreview.com /articles/03/09/trailing0903.asp?p=1 (518 words)

	Ward Christensen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ward Christensen, born in West Bend, Wisconsin, was the founder of the CBBS bulletin board, the first BBS ever brought online.
		When he lost track of the source code for some programs, he wrote ReSource (an iterative disassembler for the 8080) to help him regenerate the source code.
		This United States biographical article is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ward_Christensen (129 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The 1993 Pioneer Award recipients were Paul Baran, Vinton Cerf, Ward Christensen, Dave Hughes and the USENET software developers, represented by the software's originators Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis.
		Ward Christensen wrote the original software program, "MODEM.ASM", which came to be called "Xmodem" or the "Christensen protocol".
		Christensen also programmed the first microcomputer dial-in system which he named a "BBS" - bulletin board system.
	www.eff.org /awards/2nd_pioneer_awards.announce (724 words)

	How modems communicate
		In the infancy of home computers, before the IBM PC was born and before the Apple Macintosh was ever dreamed of, Ward Christensen invented a foolproof way for computers to send files back and forth by telephone.
		Christensen called his method "Xmodem," which stood for "Xternal Modem" (a modem that was far away from the one attached to the sending computer).
		But X, Y or Z, the methods in use today all owe their origins to Ward Christensen.
	aroundcny.com /technofile/texts/aboutmodems.htm (1927 words)

	BBS history
		Ward Christensen and Randy Suess develop the Computerized Bulletin Board System (CBBS) in Chicago.
		Christensen developed the software and Suess assembled the hardware.
		When it finally goes online to the public in 1979, Christensen manages the system under the title "system operator" (soon shortened to "sysop").
	www.fortunecity.com /marina/reach/435/bbs.htm (517 words)

	Online communities turn twenty-five - ZDNet UK Comment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		He's got a point: these were the days when you couldn't just pop down to PC World and pick up a box, download some freeware and spend most of your time wondering what colour to make the opening screen.
		Everything about the CBBS was 1970s state of the hobbyist's art: a single 173-kilobyte 8-inch floppy disk to store everything, 300-baud modem, 8-bit processor running at a megahertz or so, and -- blimey -- 64kb of memory.
		Bulletin boards running CBBS spread across the US and further afield; by 1980, Christensen was reporting 11,000 users on his board alone, some of whom called in from Europe and Australia -- in the days of monopoly telcos with monstrous international call charges.
	comment.zdnet.co.uk /rupertgoodwins/0,39020691,2130537,00.htm (1021 words)

	RootsWeb: WARD-L Archives (January 2000)
		Re: wards in Gallia county Ohio by Mommybare
		WARD and KING families traveled to Texas tog.
		WARDS IN BELMONT COUNTY, OHIO by Linda Rosen
	archiver.rootsweb.com /th/index/WARD/2000-01 (324 words)

	8bit-Micro - Printer Friendly - The BBS: Patriarch of the Word Wide Web
		Yes, the US government or branches thereof did have a network working between military branches for the purpose of 'government' business which was a closed system, but computer communications as we know it today is supported by you and me, the average user.
		A physicist, Christensen a mainframe programmer by profession, was an electronics enthusiast and as many practiced his art in his spare time.
		Ward Christensen and his friend Randy Seuss lived in Chicago and in 1978 during a cold winter the two began to work on a digital project that had been on their minds.
	www.8bit-micro.com /bbswww-print.htm (559 words)

	Glenwood Springs Post Independent - Valley News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Their opponents, at-large candidate Joe O'Donnell and Ward 1 challenger Larry Beckwith, stand firmly opposed to using the COPs without a vote of the people.
		The four candidates appeared with write-in candidate Chris McGovern for Ward 3 and unopposed candidate Bruce Christensen for Ward 4.
		Christensen and McGovern both said they support using COPs to fund recreational amenities.
	www.postindependent.com /apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20031001/VALLEYNEWS/30930005 (685 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Msg 43920 is 05 line(s) on 09/02/90 from WARD CHRISTENSEN to TAN LU re: CBBS CALLERS CBBS had quite a few callers, but then the motherboard died, and the replacement motherboard seems only to accept 2400 baud calls.
		Msg 43925 is 02 line(s) on 09/03/90 from WARD CHRISTENSEN to ALL re: ROY LIPSCOMB?
		Msg 43926 is 02 line(s) on 09/03/90 from BENJAMIN COHEN to WARD CHRISTENSEN re: R/ROY LIPSCOMB?
	www.textfiles.com /bbs/CBBS/1990/900904.ch (698 words)

	[No title]
		CBBS was the brainchild of Ward Christensen and Randy Suess, two members of CACHE, the Chicago Area Computer Hobbyists' Exchange.
		Suess and Christensen built the CBBS hardware and software package—at home, from scratch—in two weeks, not the four they originally claimed.
		Despite Christensen's well-deserved accolades for his development of the XMODEM file transfer protocol, few would have believed that he or anyone else could have dreamt up and delivered CBBS in just a fortnight.
	techrepublic.com.com /5102-22-5560773.html (1070 words)

	YMODEM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It was formally given the name "YMODEM" in 1985 by Ward Christensen.
		The original YMODEM was essentially the same as XMODEM except that it sent the file's name, size, and timestamp in a regular XMODEM block before actually transferring the file.
		Many programmers who implemented YMODEM refused to follow Christensen's standard or produced their own extensions to the protocol while continuing to use the "YMODEM" name.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/Y/YMODEM.htm (237 words)

	Welcome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		For those of you who are not familar with the history, Ward Christensen is the person who invented the first BBS (Chicagoland Bulletin Board System) in February of 1978.
		Ward did the software and Randy, the Sysop of the second BBS (Chinet, which still exsists - www.chinet.com), was the hardware genius who co-founded "The BBS".
		However, Ward invented the "BBS Scene" which spawned the public medium.
	www.xpresit.net (1936 words)

	Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Originally developed in 1977 by Ward Christensen, the "Christensen" file transfer protocol, probably the most widely available protocol used for tile transfer over serial lines, XMODEM uses 128-byte packets with error detection, allowing the receiver to request retransmission of a corrupted packet.
		It works by sending blocks of data together with a checksum and then waiting for acknowledgment of the block's receipt.
		Chuck Forsberg enhanced versions of Xmodem that work at higher transmission speeds are known as Ymodem and Zmodem.
	www.oberlin.edu /cit/helpdesk/glossary/xmodem.html (187 words)

	US vs THEM : BBS Twenty-Five Ye@R$ Old.
		He'd been in the habit of swapping progams with Randy Suess, a fellow hacker -- in the old sense of someone who did smart things with dumb electronics -- by recording them onto cassettes and posting them.
		The answer was two weeks later, when the Computerised Bulletin Board System first spun its disk, picked up the line and took a message.
		For the first time, people could converse with others independently of social, temporal or spatial connections.
	www.usvsthem.net /archives/000142.html (462 words)

	[No title]
		ALLOC.LBR 2560 10-26-93 by Ward Christensen 4/10/82 4K Utility
		DU-V77.LBR 8832 10-26-93 by Ward Christensen 7/23/81 10K Disk Utility
		DU-V86.LBR 12800 10-26-93 by Ward Christensen 10/18/83 14K Disk Utility
	www.retroarchive.org /cpm/cdrom/_BBS/PCB/DIR253 (3482 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Council members Mike Ward and Dave Christensen are both running for reelection.
		There are 11 city council candidates: Christensen, Ward, Anthony Dragun, Christopher Gonzales, Ken Hansen, Beth Krom, Alan Mannason, Roger Matlin, Chris Mears, Patrick Rodgers and Savvas Roditis.
		Krom, Mears and Dragun are campaigning as a slate with mayoral candidate Agran on a platform advocating development of a metropolitan park at the closed El Toro air station.
	www.irvineworldnews.com /vote/intro.html (524 words)

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