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Topic: Warfarin

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	Warfarin Therapy: Evolving Strategies in Anticoagulation - February 1, 1999 - American Academy of Family Physicians
		Warfarin is an antagonist of vitamin K, a necessary element in the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX and X, as well as the naturally occurring endogenous anticoagulant proteins C and S. These factors and proteins are biologically inactive without the carboxylation of certain glutamic acid residues.
		Warfarin resistance is common after the administration of large doses of vitamin K. If anticoagulation therapy must be continued, heparin therapy should be initiated until the effects of vitamin K have been reversed and the patient is again responsive to warfarin.
		Warfarin is more likely to be used safely by a patient who is aware of the potential for drug interactions, understands the rationale for monitoring and can identify the symptoms of warfarin toxicity early.
	www.aafp.org /afp/990201ap/635.html (5150 words)

	Parkinsn's List Drug DataBase warfarin / Coumadin
		Warfarin is a racemic mixture of roughly equal amounts of two active isomers; the S-form is roughly 5 times as potent as a vitamin K antagonist than the R-form.
		Warfarin is hydroxylated in the liver by hepatic microsomal enzymes to produce inactive metabolites.
		Inactive metabolites of warfarin are excreted in the bile and are reabsorbed and excreted in the urine.
	www.parkinsons-information-exchange-network-online.com /drugdb/138.html (3842 words)

	Warfarin
		Individuals using warfarin should be aware of the possible risk of reduced effectiveness of treatment when taking supplements containing iron, magnesium and/or zinc and should consult their prescribing physician before beginning such supplementation with minerals such as iron, magnesium, and zinc.
		Warfarin's anticoagulant effect was potentiated by 6 antibiotics (cotrimoxazole, erythromycin, fluconazole, isoniazid, metronidazole, and miconazole); 5 cardiac drugs (amiodarone, clofibrate, propafenone, propranolol, and sulfinpyrazone); phenylbutazone; piroxicam; alcohol (only with concomitant liver disease); cimetidine; and omeprazole.
		Warfarin's anticoagulant effect was inhibited by 3 antibiotics (griseofulvin, rifampin, and nafcillin); 3 drugs active on the central nervous system (barbiturates, carbamazepine, and chlordiazepoxide); cholestyramine; sucralfate; foods high in vitamin K; and large amounts of avocado.
	home.caregroup.org /clinical/altmed/interactions/Drugs/Warfarin.htm (8857 words)

	OSHA Content Document
		Warfarin causes fetotoxic and teratogenic effects in the offspring of women taking this substance as an anticoagulant during pregnancy; many cases of stillbirths and deformities have been attributed to the therapeutic use of warfarin [Hayes 1982, p.
		Ingestion: If warfarin or a solution containing warfarin is ingested, give the victim several glasses of water to drink and then induce vomiting by having the victim touch the back of the throat with the finger or by giving syrup of ipecac as directed on the package.
		Warfarin also may be disposed of in an organometallic or organic lab pack that meets the requirements of 40 CFR 264.316 or 265.316.
	www.osha.gov /SLTC/healthguidelines/warfarin/recognition.html (3990 words)

	Warfarin Information from Drugs.com
		Warfarin is used to prevent heart attacks, strokes, and blood clots in veins and arteries.
		Warfarin should not be given to anyone younger than 18 years old.
		Symptoms of a warfarin overdose may include bruising; small, broken blood vessels under the skin; excessive bleeding from cuts or wounds; bleeding from the gums; blood in the stools, urine, or vomit; and heavy menstrual periods in women.
	www.drugs.com /warfarin.html (1720 words)

	Warfarin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Warfarin is an anticoagulant (slows blood clotting) used to prevent and treat people with venous thrombosis (blood clots in the veins) and pulmonary embolism (blood clots in the lungs).
		Warfarin is also used to treat or prevent dangerous blood clotting in people with atrial fibrillation (an irregularity in heartbeat) and, in some cases, to prevent
		One man taking warfarin and one-half to one gallon of green tea per day developed signs based on laboratory testing suggesting his blood was too thick because the green tea was blocking the effect of warfarin.
	www.kroger.com /hn/Drug/Warfarin.htm (2533 words)

	Warfarin - NYU Medical Center, NYU Hospital, New York, NY
		Warfarin (Coumadin) is an anticoagulant used to thin the blood and prevent it from clotting.
		This study was somewhat indirect, however, in that it did not evaluate the effects of cranberry on warfarin action, but rather on another drug that is metabolized similarly in the body.
		These findings raise concern that ginkgo might add to the blood-thinning effects of warfarin, and there is one report of abnormal bleeding in an individual who had been taking the herb and drug together.
	www.med.nyu.edu /patientcare/library/article.html?ChunkIID=21625 (3465 words)

	Warfarin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Warfarin is prescribed to people with an increased tendency for thrombosis or as prophylaxis in those individuals who have already formed a blood clot (thrombus) which required treatment.
		Since warfarin initially decreases protein C levels faster than the coagulation factors, it can paradoxically increase the blood's tendency to coagulate when treatment is first begun (many patients when starting on warfarin are given heparin in parallel to combat this), leading to massive thrombosis with skin necrosis and gangrene of limbs.
		Warfarin cannot be given to pregnant women, especially in the first trimester, as it is a teratogen (it causes deformations of the face and bones).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Warfarin (2448 words)

	UpToDate Patient information: Warfarin (Coumadin®)
		Warfarin is also used in patients who have a history of developing harmful clots, including patients who have had a stroke, heart attack, a clot which has traveled to the lung (pulmonary embolism), or a blood clot in the leg (deep venous thrombosis or DVT).
		The warfarin dose may be adjusted periodically in response to a changing INR or to clinical circumstances that call for an increase or decrease in warfarin therapy.
		Warfarin is considered safe for use in women who breastfeed, although the mother and baby may need additional monitoring.
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=blod_dis/6066 (1828 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Warfarin
		Warfarin is used to prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger.
		Warfarin is also used with other drugs in the treatment of some lung cancers.
		Warfarin prevents blood from clotting so it may take longer than usual for you to stop bleeding if you are cut or injured.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a682277.html (944 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Warfarin and Superwarfarins : Article by John C Stein, Jr, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Because warfarin reduces the activity of anticoagulant proteins C and S, a hypercoagulable state may be induced for a short period after treatment with warfarin is started.
		Warfarin is distributed to the liver, lungs, spleen, and kidneys.
		Warfarin metabolism may be altered in the presence of hepatic dysfunction or advanced age but is not affected by renal impairment.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic872.htm (3920 words)

	Warfarin and DNA
		According to the FDA, hemorrhage during warfarin therapy is a leading cause of death in Western countries and related adverse events account for 1 in 10 hospital admissions.
		Warfarin inhibits the formation of active clotting factors by inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1).
		The difference in warfarin dose that is affected by the patient’s metabolism or the amount of drug needed for effect do not become apparent until the four to fifth day of therapy (Peyvandi F et al.
	www.healthanddna.com /warfarin.html (1563 words)

	Documentation for Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs) - 81812
		The IDLH of 350 mg/m3, therefore, is estimated from the rat oral lethal dose of 50 mg/kg [Sax 1975].
		The chosen IDLH is probably conservative, because the rat is particularly susceptible to warfarin, and single doses are not usually as harmful as small, repeated doses.
		Human data: The sodium salt of warfarin has been used as an anticoagulant drug with a loading dose of 30 to 60 mg [ACGIH 1991] [Note: This is equivalent to a worker being exposed to 20 to 40 mg/m3 for 30 minutes, assuming a breathing rate of 50 liters per minute and 100% absorption.].
	www.cdc.gov /niosh/idlh/81812.html (330 words)

	warfarinfo
		He was taken to the hospital where doctors administered vitamin K. This counteracted the warfarin and the patient recovered.
		Coumadinâ (warfarin) was given to President Eisenhower when he had a heart attack in 1956.
		She evidently absorbed enough warfarin through the skin to cause a brain hemorrhage.
	www.warfarinfo.com /rat-poison.htm (445 words)

	Warfarin definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Warfarin is also used to reduce the risk of clots causing strokes or heart attacks.
		Warfarin works by suppressing the production of some clotting factors (interfering with prothrombin activation) and thereby inhibiting the clotting of blood.
		Warfarin was originally marketed as a rodenticide (the rats bleed to death).
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11826 (310 words)

	Coumadin Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Warfarin Sodium - RxList Monographs
		COUMADIN (crystalline warfarin sodium) is an anticoagulant which acts by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors.
		The crystallization of warfarin sodium virtually eliminates trace impurities present in amorphous warfarin.
		Crystalline warfarin sodium occurs as a white, odorless, crystalline powder, is discolored by light and is very soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol; very slightly soluble in chloroform and in ether.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic/warfarin.htm (219 words)

	Instructions for Warfarin (Coumadin®)
		You are taking warfarin because you have a medical condition that puts you at risk for forming dangerous blood clots, or you already have a blood clot that requires treatment.
		Warfarin is taken once daily at the same time every day, preferably in the evening, with or without food.
		Warfarin is a medication that requires careful and frequent monitoring to make sure that you are being adequately treated, but not over- or under-treated.
	www.pamf.org /patients/warfarin.html (703 words)

	Warfarin Information on Healthline
		If you need to have a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) or any type of surgery, you may need to temporarily stop using warfarin.
		Warfarin interacts with many other drugs, and these interactions can be dangerous, even fatal.
		Tell your doctor (or dentist) that you are taking warfarin before you take an antibiotic or before having surgery.
	www.healthline.com /multumcontent/warfarin (893 words)

	MotherNature.com - Warfarin
		Warfarin is also used to treat or prevent dangerous blood clotting in people with atrial fibrillation (an irregularity in heartbeat) and, in some cases, to prevent stroke.
		Iron, magnesium, and zinc may bind with warfarin, potentially decreasing their absorption and activity.
		Persons taking warfarin should consult with a physician knowledgeable about botanical medicines if they are considering taking Asian ginseng or eleuthero/Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus).
	www.mothernature.com /Library/Ency/Index.cfm?Id=1539003 (2549 words)

	Warfarin
		If you have an allergy to warfarin or any other part of the medicine.
		If you have any of the following conditions: Bleeding disorder; hemophilia; thrombocytopenia purpura; leukemia; recent surgery of the eye or brain; major regional lumbar block anesthesia; surgery resulting in large, open surfaces.
		Warfarin prevents the liver from producing the factors that thicken/clot our blood.
	www.umm.edu /altmed/ConsDrugs/Warfarincd.html (628 words)

	Home Page
		Lodwick is a pharmacist who specializes in the monitoring and dosing of warfarin.
		Inappropriate stopping of warfarin may lead to a blood clot, stroke or death.
		Lodwick has received payments for presentations made on behalf of DuPont Pharma, formerly the manufacturer of Coumadin brand of warfarin, from Pharmacia, the manufacturer of Celebrex brand of celecoxib and Bextra brand of valdecoxib and from Roche Diagnostics the maker of CoaguChek.
	www.warfarinfo.com (564 words)

	Warfarin dosing and therapy. Coumadin. INR Targets. Vitamin K (Phytonadione) guidelines. (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In many cases direct quotes are used from this valuable reference.
		Recent studies confirmed the importance of initiating warfarin therapy with lower doses (eg 5mg) as opposed to older protocols which advocated higher initial dosages (7.5 - 10mg).
		The previous warfarin calculator was based on a modified version of the Fennerty nomogram.
	www.globalrph.com.cob-web.org:8888 /warfarin.htm (157 words)

	Chemical Sampling Information: Warfarin
		Notes: 1) In addition to its use as a rodenticide, warfarin is used as an anticoagulant drug, which interferes with the vitamin K-dependent synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as proteins C and S, in the liver.
		2) The S-enantiomer of warfarin is 7-hydroxylated by the liver enzyme CYP2C9, which displays genetic polymorphism that occurs with greater frequency in Caucasians than in Asians or African-Americans.
		Wittkowsky, A.K.: Warfarin and other coumarin derivatives: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug interactions.
	www.osha.gov /dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_276000.html (291 words)

	warfarin (Coumadin) - drug class, medical uses, medication side effects, and drug interactions by MedicineNet.com
		warfarin (Coumadin) - drug class, medical uses, medication side effects, and drug interactions by MedicineNet.com
		DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Coumadin is an oral anticoagulant that inhibits the synthesis of clotting factors, thus preventing blood clot formation.
		MedicineNet does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
	www.medicinenet.com /warfarin/article.htm (681 words)

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