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	Warragamba Dam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Warragamba Dam is the structure that provides the major water supply for Sydney, Australia, situated approximately 65 km to the west of Sydney in the Burragorang Valley.
		It dams the Warragamba River to form Lake Burragorang which is one of the largest reservoirs for urban water supply in the world.
		Warragamba Dam is also a popular picnic spot for Sydneysiders, with up to 3000 people visiting the area on Father's Day.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Warragamba_Dam (364 words)

	Sydney Catchment Authority: Dams & Water: Warragamba Dam
		Warragamba Dam supplies bulk water to three Sydney Water filtration plants (Prospect, Orchard Hills and Warragamba), where it is filtered and distributed to people living in Sydney and the lower Blue Mountains.
		Warragamba Dam was designed to deflect slightly as the lake level rises and falls.
		When rainfall and flood event studies showed that the dam could experience floods much larger than originally estimated, the height of the dam wall was increased by five metres as the first step in a two-stage solution to make the dam meet international dam safety standards.
	www.sca.nsw.gov.au /dams/warragamba.html (666 words)

	Shoalhaven Scheme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Dam was completed in 1976, it is 43 meters tall; 528 m long; and it holds 85,500 megalitres stored in Lake Yarrunga.
		The Wingecarribee Reservoir is located on the Wingecarribee River, the dam is an earth and rockfill structure that was complted in 1974.
		Wingecarribee River is a tributary of Warragamba River and thus water pumped into Wingecarribee Reservoir flows into Warragamba Dam and hence the Sydney water supply.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shoalhaven_Scheme (265 words)

	Warragamba Dam Modifications
		The major source of Sydney's water supply, Warragamba Dam, Australia's fourth largest dam, was raised to its present height of 142 metres in 1989.
		Warragamba dam is classified a 'Major Dam' under Australian National Committee on Large Dams (ANCOLD) definitions and is in the High Incremental Flood Hazard category.
		To prevent overtopping, an auxiliary spillway is being constructed adjacent to the dam to divert floodwaters in excess of the capacity of the existing spillway around the dam wall.
	www.12d.com /projects/project-02.htm (653 words)

	3-D Finite Element Analysis of Warragamba Dam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Warragamba Dam is located some 65km to the west of Sydney, Australia.
		It is the largest concrete gravity dam in the country and its storage provides 70% of the total water supply for Sydney (population of nearly four million).
		The dam, which is owned by Sydney Water, is to be upgraded for both dam safety and flood mitigation purposes.
	www.mscsoftware.com.au /products/services/cases/dam (912 words)

	The Macarthur region in south west of Sydney offers a rural atmosphere so close to Sydney with adventure, attractions, ...
		The Dam is 56 metres high and holds water from a 130 square kilometre catchment, forming an 850 hectare lake.
		The Nepean Dam was begun in 1925 by the Public Works Department and completed in 1935 by Sydney Water, with a break of two years in the middle because of the Great Depression.
		Warragamba Dam is one of the largest domestic supply dams in the world and is Sydney's most important source of water, impounding 2,057,000 megalitres, almost four times the capacity of Sydney Harbour.
	www.macarthurtourism.com.au /php/macarthurAdmin.php?section=sub_selection&cat_id=3&subcat=Dams (561 words)

	Manly Hydraulics Laboratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Warragamba Dam is located about 70 km south west of Sydney and is the largest of Sydney's dams, holding 80 percent of Sydney's water supply.
		The present dam was completed in 1960 at which time it was designed for a peak outflow of 12,700 cu m/s.
		However, in its current form it has been estimated that there is a 1 in 1,500 chance per year that Warragamba Dam could be overtopped by a flood event which could cause the dam wall to collapse, releasing almost 2 million megalitres of water.
	www.mhl.nsw.gov.au /www/warragvt.htmlx (308 words)

	Sydney Catchment Authority: Dams & Water: Warragamba: A Dam Full of Myths
		In the 1961 flood - the worst since the dam was built - waters from the Warragamba River were reduced by a quarter and delayed by several hours.
		The dam forms Lake Burragorang and is filled by run-off from rain falling in a catchment area of more than 9,051 square kilometres.
		The Warragamba Catchment extends from south of Goulburn, north to Lithgow, east to Wollondilly and Mittagong, and west to part of the Crookwell local government area.
	www.sca.nsw.gov.au /cgi-bin/textversion/textversion.pl?conf=conf.xml&file=/dams/myths.html (327 words)

	Warragamba Dam
		Warragamba is the last of the great dams of the Wollondilly region and stores 80% of Sydney's water supply.
		Warragamba is the largest concrete dam in Australia, and one of the largest dams in the world used specifically as a metropolitan water supply.
		Warragamba is one of the most popular family picnic areas on the outskirts of the city.
	www.stonequarry.com.au /nature/warragamba_dam.html (981 words)

	Warragamba Dam: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Warragamba Dam is the major water supply for Sydney Sydney quick summary:
		The dam was first proposed in the 1880s.
		Lake burragorang is the water storage impounded by warragamba dam....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/w/wa/warragamba_dam.htm (250 words)

	Molino Stewart Environmental Consultants - Warragamba Flood Mitigation Dam and Emergency Spillway EIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Warragamba Dam is vital to Sydney, storing almost 80 per cent of the region's water supply.
		It is now estimated that the dam as originally built could only safely pass a flood half the size of the probable maximum flood.
		The Flood Mitigation Dam proposal involved increasing the crest level of Warragamba Dam by 23 metres, making the wall 14 metres thicker and strengthening and extending the spillway and dissipator with mass concrete.
	www.molinostewart.com.au /warragamba.htm (302 words)

	The History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The cycles of drought and flooding rain continued and the Warragamba Dam idea continued to be put in the too hard basket.
		The Warragamba River was the only outlet for a vast catchment area and it flows naturally through a deep, narrow 22 kilometre gorge - a natural dam.
		Water flows from a 9,050 square kilometre area, from Robertson in the east to Crookwell in the west, Goulburn in the south and Lithgow in the north, into the Warragamba Dam.
	www.warragamba-p.schools.nsw.edu.au /history.htm (511 words)

	Chapter 3
		A network of nine major dams plus several minor storage reservoirs is used to collect and store water which, in turn, is delivered to a network of over 20,000 km of water mains, 165 pumping stations and 261 service reservoirs.
		This may mean that a dam with a general holding time of three years could, under some circumstances, allow water to pass through in a matter of days.
		There is evidence that a seiche was occurring in the dam during July and August and the thermocline was periodically rising and falling through the depth of the operating screens.
	www.premiers.nsw.gov.au /our_library/archives/sydwater/3rdrep/rep3ch3.htm (8158 words)

	Chapter 5
		The Warragamba and Upper Nepean hydrological catchments (hereafter referred to in this report as "the catchment") cover about half of the Hawkesbury Nepean catchment and are shown in Map B in the Appendices.
		However, in the Warragamba Special Area, the size of the catchment and pre-existing land uses has meant that less than a third of the entire Warragamba hydrological catchment is reserved as a Special Area.
		Upstream of Warragamba Dam, Schedule 1 lands are those areas within 3 kilometres of the full supply level of Lake Burragorang and Schedule 2 lands are the remainder of the lands in the Inner Catchment.
	www.premiers.nsw.gov.au /our_library/archives/sydwater/3rdrep/rep3ch5.htm (2206 words)

	Blogger: Email Post to a Friend
		Utilities Minister Frank Sartor yesterday said Sydney's dams were at only 43.1 per cent capacity and the city had just over two years of water left.
		The city needs a week of heavy rain in the Warragamba catchment for dams to return to pre-restriction levels.
		Warragamba Dam is at a record 40.1 per cent, dropping another 0.3 per cent in the past week.
	www.blogger.com /email-post.g?blogID=7796967&postID=109552294240782741 (387 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Construction commenced in 1948, and the Dam was officially opened October 14th, 1960.
		The dam is touted as one of the largest concrete dams in the world.
		It is a pure water holding dam, it doesn't generate electricity.
	www.tobic.com /aus/warragamba.htm (251 words)

	IATP \| WaterObservatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The State Government is investigating a 5m height increase to Tallowa Dam, which stretches across the Shoalhaven River, 20km from Kangaroo Valley.
		Warragamba Dam was raised by 5m in 1989 to improve its structural safety.
		Tallowa Dam, built in 1976, is 43m high and has a publicly-accessible 9sq/km reservoir.
	www.waterobservatory.org /headlines.cfm?refid=72901 (444 words)

	Warragamba Dam levels and Sydney Dam Levels - statistics on the Sydney Water crisis
		The 500ML/day option appears to be able to hold the dam levels close to steady under the current drought conditions, hence may only need to be operated when dam levels are low.
		The basic idea is that the Shoalhaven catchment is rather large and close to the coast (hence inflows are large) and Tallowa Dam often overflows, even under drought conditions (link provides graphs and stats on Tallowa Dam).
		The actual net gain of water in Sydney's dams is much harder to calculate as it concerns the amount of water which currently overflows from Tallowa that would otherwise have been captured.
	www.iliveinsydney.com /water/damstats.php (1990 words)

	Global Warming, Climate Change -- Wake up Sydney - life is only going to get thirstier
		The 50-kilometre-long reservoir behind the Warragamba Dam wall is a vast body of pure fresh water - one of the biggest of its kind in the world.
		If built, the dam, which has been on the drawing board for more than three decades, would flood 15,000 hectares and have the largest surface area of any dam in the state.
		But planners fear the dam would have dire ecological consequences for the Shoalhaven River, especially on the people of Nowra who bitterly oppose such a water grab from their river by Sydney.
	www.talkaboutinvestments.com /group/sci.econ/messages/214564.html (1758 words)

	Drought-hit Sydney tackles water crisis : HindustanTimes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As one of the country's worst droughts drags on with little hope of relief, capacity at Sydney's main dam is at a record low, with fresh water supplies assured for only about three years.
		Despite record monthly rainfall across Sydney in February, Warragamba Dam has filled little, as the 1960s-built dam northwest of the city is in a rain shadow.
		Instead, as an initial step, deep-water pumps are being built to reach lower into dams to access an extra 30 billion litres (8 billion gallons) of water each year.
	www.hindustantimes.com /onlineCDA/PFVersion.jsp?article=http://10.81.141.122/news/181_1350281,0005.htm (829 words)

	Nattai
		Following the interruption of the war period the dam was constructed in the 1950s and the impoundment, Lake Burragorang was flooded by 1960.
		Options included: mitigation dams in the catchment area; including one on the lower Kowmung River; tunnels to transport flood waters around the dam; a side spillway on one or both sides of the dam; or raising the dam wall to enable storage of major floods.
		An EIS is prepared for the augmentation of Warragamba Dam for flood mitigation purposes.
	www.colongwilderness.org.au /RedIndex/NSW/natt99.htm (5025 words)

	Sydney - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Water storage and supply for Sydney is managed by the Sydney Catchment Authority, which is an agency of the NSW Government that sells bulk water to Sydney Water and other agencies.
		Water in the Sydney catchment is chiefly stored in dams in the Upper Nepean Scheme, the Blue Mountains, Woronora Dam, Warragamba Dam and the Shoalhaven Scheme.
		Historically low water levels in the catchment have led to water use restrictions and the NSW government is investigating alternative water supply options, including grey water recycling and the construction of a seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant at Kurnell.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sydney (4393 words)

	Warragamba Dam - The Latest Chapter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Unlike the previous proposal to raise the wall of the dam by 23 metres, this structure will not allow the temporary or permanent storage of water above the current full storage level and thus poses no threat to upstream wilderness areas and wild rivers like the Kowmung.
		The former Dam raising Environmental Impact Assessment was made available to interested groups after the abandonment of the proposal.
		The dam raising has thankfully been rejected by the current State Government in favour of this option and if construction can proceed within the year then the aims of the anti raise the dam campaign will have been finally achieved in full.
	www.bushwalking.org.au /bushwalking/bushwalkingmag/nmag2232.html (252 words)

	Water Restrictions - 31/05/1995 - QWN
		Those restrictions are necessary because, even with the community's great efforts to conserve water and with the recent rains, the water level in Warragamba Dam remains in the critical range.
		Sydney's overall water storage has risen to 67 per cent, but the Warragamba Dam storage is only about 60 per cent and, of course, the upper catchment areas are still extremely dry.
		Warragamba Dam supplies more than 70 per cent of Sydney's water, so while the rains we have had have been crucial, Sydney obviously needs a lot more.
	www.anzacatt.org.au /prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/V3Key/LA19950531032 (658 words)

	Rivers of life! Water flows again into Warragamba - National - smh.com.au
		The rivers are finally flowing into the Warragamba Dam again after a week of good rain.
		Almost 18 months ago one of the main rivers feeding into the dam, the Nattai River, was reduced to a trickle when The Sun-Herald photographed catchment officer Jane MacCormick standing in the dry river bed.
		The dam, which supplies 80 per cent of Sydney's water, was last full in 1998.
	www.smh.com.au /news/national/rivers-of-life-water-flows-again-into-warragamba/2005/12/03/1133422147930.html (795 words)

	11/6/2005 -- 'New dam needed' to beat water crisis
		Paul Perkins, chairman of the industry-based environment body the Barton Group, said Sydney's Warragamba Dam was built during a spike in rainfall in the 1950s.
		Hydrologist Francis Chiew from Melbourne University said that although dams such as Warragamba were built on dry-decade data, the dams filled easily in the wet decades of the 1950s and 1970s.
		He said the question of whether more dams should be built would depend on whether the current dry was due more to a dry decadal pattern, or to climate change.
	forests.org /articles/reader.asp?linkid=42776 (653 words)

	Warragamba Dam - 01/11/1991 - QWN
		In order to protect against that very unlikely eventuality, the Board has proposed the construction of an additional spillway about the existing dam and further proposes the construction of a new dam downstream of the Warragamba Dam that would flood the existing dam, at a cost estimated at over $300 million.
		First, the structural integrity of the Warragamba Dam today is far greater than the day it was built, as the dam has recently been structurally upgraded by raising the dam wall and post-tensioning the dam structure at a cost of about $29 million.
		It involved the flooding of the dam's internal gallery if water overtopped the dam during such a flood, enabling water to enter the dam's internal gallery, primarily through the dam's lift well.
	www.parliament.nsw.gov.au /prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/a60a6a8d2db7ace1ca256e6a0024cf47/ca256d11000bd3aa4a2564c7001c6941?Navigate&To=Next (652 words)

	MINING & CONSTRUCTION ONLINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		An enormous earth-moving project 60 kilometres west of Sydney, Australia, is underway to protect a vital dam from the possibility of a catastrophic collapse.
		With a volume four times that of Sydney Harbour, the dam is Australia's largest concrete dam and supplies 80 percent of the water to some 4 million people in the Sydney area.
		The second spillway is needed because the dam was originally designed to handle peak outflows of 12,700 cubic metres per second when it was built by Sydney Water in 1960.
	www-old.miningandconstruction.com /feat/feat16.htm (886 words)

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