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	Warring States Period - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These Seven Warring States (戰國七雄/战国七雄 Zhànguó Qīxióng, literally "Seven Heroes among the Warring States"), were the Qi (齊), the Chu (楚), the Yan (燕), the Han (韓), the Zhao (趙), the Wei (魏) and the Qin (秦).
		The State of Jin continued to exist with a tiny piece of territory until 376 BC when the rest of the territory was partitioned by the Three Jins.
		Early in the Warring States Period, Chu was one of the strongest states in China.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Warring_States_Period (1832 words)

	The Warring States Period of Ancient China
		The Warring States period is usually interpreted as a time of endless brutal wars that came as a result of friction among the seven states and that this unfortunate state of affairs could end only with one state bringing all into one empire.
		The wars that occured were not generally ones due to diplomatic or territorial frictions among the seven states but instead were wars stemming from one state attempting to conquer and control all of the states.
		The wasteful and bloody conquest of the separate states was justified as an unfortunate necessity to end the era of anarchy, but the wars were primarily those of empire-building.
	www2.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/warringstates.htm (596 words)

	The Warring States
		The handling of the war chariot, a rather complicated business, was learned by Confucius in his youth, and though we have no definite record of his having actually gone to war in such a chariot, yet it was an art that he was never tired of teaching his disciples.
		Wars had been waged for the balance of power during the former age, but now all wars were wars of annihilation.
		The fourth period of the wars of the Warring States, 272-221 B.C., was that of the final victory of Ch'in.
	www.cic.sfu.ca /nacc/articles/leihaizong/leihaitsung.html (6592 words)

	After Saddam Hussein: Winning a Peace If It Comes to War: Special Reports: Publications: U.S. Institute of Peace
		After the 1991 war, the repair of war damage proceeded at a remarkable pace and with little outside help—even while Saddam Hussein was busy reasserting his power during the rebellious months that followed the conflict.
		War crimes trials of many Ba'athists will take place after the 18-month window; these individuals should be detained and, at minimum, called to publicly account for their actions in the weeks following occupation.
		Indeed, the United States, built on values antithetical to colonialism and empire, continues to be reluctant if not schizophrenic about long-term commitments and the rigors of nation-building even as the country's rhetoric signals a commitment to thwart terror and tyrants and promote free and open societies on every continent.
	www.usip.org /pubs/specialreports/sr102.html (8845 words)

	Eastern Zhou Period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		Qin, situated in the remote west, used to be a vassal state enfeoffed by King Ping for Qin Xianggong's contribution of escorting the king on his move east.
		During the Warring States Period, Qin, because of its outlying position, was more backward than the states in the Central Plains.
		Later in the Warring States Period, another legalist named Hanfei or Han Fei Zi who advocated harsh rules and laws was also an adviser to the ruler.
	www.warriortours.com /intro/history/zhou/eastern.htm (1758 words)

	Warring States Japan
		It looked increasingly like war would break out right in the shogun's capital, and the Yoshimasa realized that if such a war broke out, the entire country would plunge into war because the shogun, occupied with a war in his own capital, would be seen as powerless to control regional conflicts.
		The shogun declared Yoshimi to be a rebel and the Onin War then became a clash between the shogun (supported by Hosokawa) and the shogun's brother (supported by Yamana).
		So the Warring States period (which is the Chinese term borrowed by the Japanese in calling this period "sengoku jidai"), really wasn't a "warring states" period at all, but a "warring warlords" period.
	www.wsu.edu:8000 /~dee/TOKJAPAN/WARRING.HTM (1027 words)

	Warring States Tomb of Marquis Yi
		Warring States Tomb of Marquis Yi Marquis Yi's four-chambered tomb
		The Warring States Period (475-221 BC) was a time of turmoil and violence, with constant warfare between the regional states, but it was also a time of great intellectual and artistic activity, when the intellectual traditions of Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism originated.
		The 31-character inscription states that it was commissioned by a king of Chu in 433 BC for Marquis Yi.
	depts.washington.edu /chinaciv/archae/tmarmain.htm (896 words)

	Warring States -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Warring States period was one of the most fertile and influential in Chinese history.
		The state is a form of human association distinguished from other social groups by its purpose, the establishment of order and security; its methods, the laws and their enforcement; its territory, the area of jurisdiction or geographic boundaries; and finally by its...
		In 403 Chao Chi, the founder of Chao, and the leaders of the states of Wei and Han partitioned the state of Chin.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9076139?tocId=9076139 (910 words)

	Game Over Online Magazine - Warring States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		The period Warring States comes hot on the heels after another epoch known as the Spring Autumn period, which marked the descent of the Zhou (or Chow) dynasty.
		Warring States pays much attention to the authenticity of the period and throughout the game, you’ll find that there is a delicate balance between gameplay and history.
		The Warring States period may have been marked by constant war, civil unrest and a general breakdown in overall government but it also, ironically, gave rise to the most brilliant intellectual and artistic endeavors of the Chinese culture.
	www.game-over.net /reviews.php?page=handreviews&id=108 (1155 words)

	Ethics of Shang, Zhou and the Classics by Sanderson Beck
		During this period a balance of power arose among the states of Qi, Qin, Jin, and Chu, although the small state of Zhou in the middle was still recognized as the nominal ruler of the Chinese world.
		He said, "War is destructive to the people, an insect that eats up the resources, and the greatest calamity of the small states."11 Arguing that if Jin did not accept the proposal, Chu would agree and draw all the states together, Jin agreed in order to keep the protectorship.
		The fourth war lord to succumb to the power of Qin was the Lord of Chunshen in the state of Chu.
	www.san.beck.org /EC13-Chou.html (14215 words)

	China Debates the Future Security Environment
		The way hegemons conducted themselves during the Warring States period of ancient China forms one of the sources of the classic lessons of Chinese statecraft.
		In an arms race with the United States, China will consume its national power, and collapse without a battle." (64) A key strategy of the Warring States was to attempt to do just this to an opponent.
		The Warring States era (475-221 BC) was "the flowering age for the Chinese fable and exerted a definite influence on works of later centuries," according to K. Kiu, 100 Ancient Chinese Fables (Taipei: Taiwan Commercial Press, 1993), 8.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/2000/part03.htm (3944 words)

	Chinese History - Warring States Period
		The distinction between the Warring States period and the times before it is a little arbitrary.
		Meanwhile, the individual states that had composed the Middle Kingdom were busy beating the crap out of each other; the regional rulers had given off calling themselves dukes or lords or hegemons or whatever and just went straight to the big title: wang, or king.
		These states' rulers proclaimed themselves kings, happily left our buddies in Loyang to tend the altars of grain and soil, and got to the serious business of trying to work out who REALLY ought to be in charge.
	www.megaloceros.net /hist11.htm (2549 words)

	Free Warring States Download Warring States Free Software Downloads
		During this period a multitude of independent states were almost constantly at war with each other to achieve supremacy and hopefully build an empire.
		As ruler of one of these states, your ultimate goal is to conquer all states in order to unite them into one empire with one ruler, the Emperor of China.
		In Warring States you can choose among 8 different rulers to play, up to 4 computer opponents that follows the same rules as you and three levels of difficulty.
	www.iomx.com /download/pocket-pc/warring-states.htm (306 words)

	The Period of the Warring States Eve of the Unification of the Country (403-221 BC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		The Period of the Warring States Eve of the Unification of the Country (403-221 BC)
		The peasants were divided into groups of 5 to 6 families, the principle of collective responsibility was introduced; taxes and loans were created; sections of the population were transferred to uninhabited areas.The war of conquest continued, prolonging those already under way in the eve of the hegemony.
		Conquered states were obliterated and turned into centrally cons' oiled provinces of the victor.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/china/wuyi/warstate.html (474 words)

	Ancient Dynasties: II
		The Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, though marked by disunity and civil strife, witnessed an unprecedented era of cultural prosperity--the "golden age" (
		Many of the thinkers were itinerant intellectuals who, besides teaching their disciples, were employed as advisers to one or another of the various state rulers on the methods of government, war, and diplomacy.
		The theories of this school attempted to explain the universe in terms of basic forces in nature, the complementary agents of yin (dark, cold, female, negative) and yang (light, hot, male, positive) and the five elements (water, fire, wood, metal, and earth).
	www-chaos.umd.edu /history/ancient2.html (1201 words)

	China - The Warring States
		Five of the states acquired at different times such a preponderance that their rulers are styled Wu Pa, the "five dictators." One of these, Duke Hwan of western Shantung, is famous for having nine times convoked the States-General.
		The cause which in the two countries led to this state of things was the existence of a family of states with a common language and similar institutions; but in the Asiatic empire the theatre was vastly more extensive, and the operations in politics and war on a grander scale.
		The Persian invasion was provoked by the murder of ambassadors by the Athenians.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles27n/chinese-history-18.shtml (905 words)

	Warring States and Ch'in Chinese -- 480-202 BC (DBA 16c) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		The Early Northern Barbarians (#7) fought the Warring States armies early in the period.
		I also think that the Chou and Spring and Autumn Chinese (#62) is a typo and should not be an enemy, since with the fratricidal fighting of the period, the Warring States should have themselves (16c) as an enemy rather than the preceeding dynasty.
		This book was written by a Warring States general who's ideas on strategy were widely copied throughout the period and in Chinese military techniques since.
	www.fanaticus.org /dba/armies/dba16c.html (1064 words)

	Women Warriors of Japan, part 2
		Yazawa stated that a woman was not usually expected to fight with her dagger.
		Practice with the naginata was a means of merging with a spirit of self-sacrifice, of connecting with the hallowed ideals of the warrior class.
		As men were expected to sacrifice themselves for the state and the maintenance of society, women were expected to sacrifice themselves to a rigid, limited life in the home.
	www.koryubooks.com /library/wwj2.html (1284 words)

	Warring States Project \| Home Page
		The Warring States Project is a center and international contact point for research on China's classical period (the 05th through 03rd centuries).
		The Project was established at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in 1993.
		It sponsors conferences and electronic discussion forums for Warring States history and philology, and for some larger questions of comparative history.
	www.umass.edu /wsp (282 words)

	History of the Great Wall of China: Zhou Dynasty
		Chu State was a small state that gradually developed by conquering weak neighbors during the Spring and Autumn Period.
		Qi construction of the Wall commenced in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period and finished in the middle of the Warring States Period.
		During the Warring States Period, Zhongshan was aligned with the Yan and the Qin, its northern and eastern neighbors, and experienced a long and peaceful period.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /china_great_wall/history/zhou (1407 words)

	Coin history - Shang to Warring States
		China was in this period a country that consisted of many different states, see map of the states in the Spring and Autumn period.
		However, in the period from 770 to 221, called Eastern Zhou, the Zhou dynasty was weakened, and the states were in war with each other.
		The state of Qin conquered the other states, and founded a unified empire in 221 B.C. which was called the Qin dynasty.
	chinesecoins.lyq.dk /History/Coin_history_Shang_to_Warring_States.htm (856 words)

	Warring States Period - was peace possible? - China History Forum, online chinese history forum
		Unless the other states willfully subjugate themselves before Qin and give up their claims to kingship, their holdings and retreat to the status of a commoner, I don't think Qin would relent on this.
		By the time the states realised that war couldn't solve anything because there strength were the same, there would be peace.
		In the case of Warring States period, all the states tried to break the balance in incline to their own favour, I think it had to do with tenacity of Chinese people.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=944 (777 words)

	untitled1.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		Before king Cheng was renamed as Ch'in (Qin) Shih-huang-ti and before China was united after the Warring States Period, there was the Chao dynasty.
		For fifteen years the other six states formed a defensive alliance against the eastward advance of the state of Ch'in.
		Ultimately, under the reign of King Cheng of Ch'in, the final state of Ch'i was conquered in 221 BC and all of China was united under the state of Ch'in.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /~reffland/anthropology/anthro2003/godkings/qincrusade/warstate.html (180 words)

	Warring States on PocketGear.com
		Summary: Warring States is a free turn based strategy game that takes place in China during the Warring states period (464-222 BC).
		Warring States can now be run under Pocket PC 2003.
		For Daniel Chang, to remove icon, click start-settings-menu, scroll down and check the box for Warring states, if your device only allows 9 programs to be displayed, uncheck inbox or notes and restore later.
	www.pocketgear.com /software_detail.asp?id=4418 (426 words)

	Re: The origin of Warring States beads
		It could be suggested that the Chinese sent some artisans to "Persia" to learn glassmaking, and they returned and developed the industries that shortly later made Warring States beads.
		There are few reasons to exclude this idea, except that it is well known that the secrets of glassmaking were carefully guarded from the knowledge of outsiders for thousands of years.
		The point is the the inspiring beads were of the Mediterranean style and tradition..., and that (clearly) Warring States beads evolved out of this manufacture.
	www.thebeadsite.com /forums/BEADCHAT/posts/797.html (1044 words)

	Zhou
		The Spring and Autumn Period occurred from about 770-476 B.C. During this time, the Zhou emperor steadily lost power due to the realization by the feudal lords that he was not powerful and could be beaten, which had been proven by the defeat in the west.
		The second half, the Warring States Period, is so named because of the power struggle between the large states of China that were trying to gain control over the entire area.
		It lasted from about 475 - 221 B.C. This time period of the Warring States is considered the classical age, it was a time of great philosophers.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/china/ancient_china/zhou.html (714 words)

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