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Topic: Wars between England and France

	Hundred Years War. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The war may be dated from 1337, when Edward III of England assumed the title of king of France, a title held by Philip VI.
		By 1429 the English and their Burgundian allies were masters of practically all France N of the Loire, but in that year Joan of Arc raised the siege of Orléans and saw Charles VII crowned king of France at Reims.
		For England, the results of the war were equally decisive; it ceased to be a continental power and increasingly sought expansion as a naval power.
	www.bartleby.com /65/hu/HundredY.html (626 words)

	French and Indian Wars. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Hostilities lapsed for years until trouble between England and Spain led to the so-called War of Jenkins’s Ear, which merged into the War of the Austrian Succession.
		The contest between the Ohio Company and the French was now joined and hinged on possession of the spot where the Monongahela and the Allegheny join to form the Ohio (the site of Pittsburgh).
		In the West, the hold of Sir William Johnson over the Iroquois and the activities of border troops under his general command—most spectacular, perhaps, were the exploits of the rangers under Robert Rogers—reduced French holdings and influence.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fr/FrenchNI.html (1165 words)

	The Struggle Against New Imperialistic Wars
		England, of course, is against that; it knows that if the deposits of ore that France possesses were reinforced by the possession of such additional coal deposits, France would become a very dangerous industrial competitor.
		England did not oppose the Japanese occupation of these places, because she was entrenched in the South of China.
		As war becomes a permanent institution, it exposes the critical character of the position in which capitalism finds itself, and this proves the necessity for the abolition of the present ruling powers and the creation of a new society.
	www.marxists.org /history/international/comintern/sections/britain/periodicals/communist_review/1922/03/imp_wars.htm (2862 words)

	latemiddle.html
		The result was that England at the beginning of its monarchical tradition had already had begun to move toward a constitutional monarchy, where the monarch was restrained by traditional limits and laws, as opposite to the absolutist kings who were developing on the continent.
		William the Conqueror, ruler of England after 1066, was also a French vassal — and his growing position greatly concerned the French kings, causing France to begin what would be a series of wars between England and France which would stretch on intermittently for hundreds of years.
		France was the more populous nation, but England had a more centralized state and monarchy; as the French kings had to yield power to the aristocracy in return for funds.
	www.loyno.edu /~seduffy/latemiddle.html (3345 words)

	Interior Design in England, 1600–1800 \| Thematic Essay \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In the first years of the seventeenth century, the principles of the Italian Renaissance gave shape to interior design everywhere but England, which had estranged itself from Italy and the rest of Catholic Europe in 1536, when Henry VIII renounced the pope's authority.
		The civil wars of the mid-seventeenth century sent many English noblemen, as well as King Charles II, to safety on the continent, and when they returned in 1660 and after, they renewed their enthusiasm for domestic decoration, bringing with them tastes and artists from the Netherlands and France.
		Wars between England and France in the late eighteenth century periodically interrupted the flow of influence between the two countries.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/ench/hd_ench.htm (1054 words)

	The History Guy: The War List
		These wars are placed in the Anglo-French category as an illustration of their placement in the pattern of wars between those two countries.
		England sided with Protestant Dutch rebels against Catholic Spain and with the Protestant (Huguenot) French against the Catholic French in the Wars of Religion, a series of French religious civil wars.
		This alliance against France formed to counter French moves in Italy; formation of the Roman, Ligurian, Cisalpine and Helvetic Republics in Switzerland and Italy, and the deposition of Papal rule in Rome.
	www.historyguy.com /War_list.html (4956 words)

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	MSN Encarta - Romania
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761559516/Romania.html (1012 words)

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	www.rotravel.com /romania/history/cap1.php (262 words)

	Romania - VisitEurope.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
	www.visiteurope.com /romania.html (285 words)

	Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
	flagspot.net /flags/ro.html (1633 words)

	ICL - Romania - Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
	www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/ro00000_.html (10035 words)

	Government of Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
	www.gov.ro /engleza (2233 words)

	Southeastern Europe Country Analysis Brief (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
	www.eia.doe.gov /emeu/cabs/romania.html (2575 words)

	Amnesty International Report 2002 - Europe - ROMANIA
	web.amnesty.org /web/ar2002.nsf/eur/romania!Open (1613 words)

	Romania
	travel.state.gov /travel/romania.html (2499 words)

	Rome and Romania, Roman Emperors, Byzantine Emperors, etc.
	www.friesian.com /romania.htm (14386 words)

	Romania
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107905.html (1082 words)

	ROMANIA - Official Travel and Tourism Information. History
	www.romaniatourism.com /history.html (1110 words)

	Romania
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0107905.html (875 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Country profiles \| Country profile: Romania
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1057466.stm (887 words)

	ICL - Romania Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
	www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/ro__indx.html (672 words)

	Romania News
	www.topix.net /world/romania (1122 words)

	Romania Special Weapons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/romania (162 words)

	Romania Travel Information \| Lonely Planet Destination Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
	www.lonelyplanet.com /worldguide/destinations/europe/romania (190 words)

	Romania - In Your Pocket (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
	www.inyourpocket.com /Romania/index.shtml (354 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/ro.html (1432 words)

	Romania Maps - Perry-Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online
	www.lib.utexas.edu /maps/romania.html (149 words)

	UNDP Romania - Home / News
	www.undp.ro (1076 words)

	Romania News - Media Monitoring Service by EIN News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
	www.einnews.com /romania (675 words)

	romania map and information page
	www.worldatlas.com /webimage/countrys/europe/ro.htm (412 words)

	Ethnologue report for Romania
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Romania (442 words)

	USAID Europe and Eurasia: Romania
	www.usaid.gov /locations/europe_eurasia/countries/ro (502 words)

	Romania : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/rotoc.html (187 words)

	WTO \| Romania - Member information
	www.wto.org /english/thewto_e/countries_e/romania_e.htm (192 words)

	About Romania - Location, Flag, Map, Weather, Transportation
	www.phpclasses.org /browse/country/ro (91 words)

	Romania Travel - Travelogues : Poiana Hotels, Sinaia Hotels, Predeal Hotels
	romania.8k.com (759 words)

	Middle Ages - The Hundred Years War - Joan of Arc
		It was a series of wars between England and France, and all fighting occurred in France.
		France renewed the war in 1364 under Charles V. France turned the tide by not directly engaging the English.
		In 1414, Henry V of England reasserted the English claim to the throne (during a French civil war) and invaded in 1415.
	members.tripod.com /~Mr_sedivy/med_hist7.html (882 words)

	::The Hundred Years War::
		Under Henry II, the lands owned by England in France became even larger and the kings who followed Henry found the land they owned in France too large and difficult to control.
		A war in the autumn could be a disaster as this was harvest time.
		However, war had moved on from the time of the Battle of Hastings and the longbow was now the most feared of weapons and not the knight on horseback.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /hundred_years_war.htm (524 words)

	The Beginning of the French and Indian War
		The French and Indian war was a nine-year battle between France and England.
		This territory was the area between the Appalachians and the Mississippi River.
		Because this war is known in the United States as the French and Indian war, many assume the title refers to an on-going battle between the French and Indians.
	www.indians.org /articles/french-indian-war.html (331 words)

	Marlborough's Wars
		Thereafter, however, the war dragged on on different fronts — in the Netherlands, Italy, and Spain — but by 1710 the situation was largely stalemated, though the war as a whole had brought Britain into much greater prominence as a European power.
		The conduct of the war became a political football between the Whigs and the Tories, with the queen in the middle.
		By the terms of the treaty France agreed never to unite the crowns of France and Spain, while Britain acquired Hudson's Bay, Arcadia, and Newfoundland from the French, Gibraltar and Minorca from Spain, new trading privileges with Spain, and a monopoly of the slave trade with the Spanish Empire.
	www.victorianweb.org /history/MarlboroughWars.html (383 words)

	Hundred Years' War
		Destructive fighting disrupted the economy: there were appalling plagues (at least a third of the population of both England and France died in 1348 in the Black Death), and violent and bloody revolts in which peasants looted nobles' houses and castles.
		He was released for a ransom paid in gold coins called "franc-or" - "free gold".* He agreed to end the fighting, and to leave the English in control of large areas in western France - as well as Calais.
		That was really the end of the One Hundred Years war so far as England was concerned, though a formal treaty to end the war between England and France was only signed in 1475.
	www.theotherside.co.uk /tm-heritage/background/100yearswar.htm (2209 words)

	4. European Diplomacy and Wars, 1648-1795. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The Treaty of Kardis (1661) between Sweden and Russia reestablished the status quo ante bellum.
		Following foiled efforts to mediate between England and Holland, France allied itself with Holland.
		England agreed to the Dutch interpretation of the Navigation Acts and confirmed control of “the New Netherlands” (See 1664).
	www.bartelby.com /67/648.html (376 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Arawaks
		condition between savagery and agriculture, and the status varies according to the environment.
		Abuse has been heaped upon Spain for this inevitable result of first contact between races whose civilization was different and whose ideas were so incompatible.
		Arawaks of Guyana and on the banks of the Orinoco began, in a systematic manner, in the second half of the seventeenth century, and was carried on, from the
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01680c.htm (1668 words)

	French Life-expat France - Living in France and daily life for a UK expat
		The Millau Bridge was built in the south of France as the last link in the ‘route to the sun’ motorway that carries thousands of holidaymakers to the Mediterranean from Paris and the north each year.
		Here in France the farming is still (mostly) small scale, fields and hedgerows, cows munching grass, dandelions growing between the fruit trees and so on.
		Funnily enough I was thinking about England earlier this week - and twice in one week is a bit of a record-breaker for me. It was prompted by a film called ‘Bend it like Beckham’ that oldest daughter made me watch.
	www.francethisway.com /wp (1382 words)

	Glossary K - Digital History Center - America: A Narrative History, 6th Edition
		Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Law sponsored by Illinois senator Stephen A. Douglas to allow settlers in newly organized territories north of the Missouri border to decide the slavery issue for themselves; fury over the resulting nullification of the Missouri Compromise of 1820 led to violence in Kansas and to the formation of the Republican party.
		King William’s War (War of the League of Augsburg) First (1689—97) of four colonial wars between England and France.
		Korean War Conflict touched off in 1950 when Communist North Korea invaded South Korea, which had been under U.S. control since the end of World War II; fighting largely by U.S. forces continued until 1953.
	www.wwnorton.com /america6/glossary/k.htm (331 words)

	jewsinamerica.org: Our Story Timeline List
		King Charles II of England grants the rights and privileges of "natural born subjects of England" to all settlers on the island of Jamaica and their children.
		After invading England at the invitation of its leading citizens, William of Orange, the head of the Dutch military, and his wife Mary, who is of English royal blood, become coregents of England.
		England's new rulers accept the Toleration Act, granting freedom of worship to non-Anglican Protestants, and the landmark Bill of Rights, which recognizes the inviolable civil and political rights of English citizens and the primacy of a democratically elected Parliament.
	www.jewsinamerica.org /timelinelist.php (17154 words)

	Tales from Froissart
		His history is also one of the most important sources for the first half of the Hundred Years' War, and certain events of the era, such as the battles of Crecy and Poitiers and the English Peasant Revolt of 1381, are best known to many readers through the his often-reprinted accounts of them.
		The Admiral of France is held hostage by the Scots.
		The duke of Brittany arrests the Constable of France.
	www.nipissingu.ca /department/history/muhlberger/froissart/tales.htm (1460 words)

	Timeline of Medieval Britain
		- Treaty of Koblenz: alliance between England and the Holy Roman Empire; Edward III formally claims the French crown.
		Richard of York is replaced by Somerset and excluded from the Royal Council; War of the Roses - civil wars in England between royal houses of York and Lancaster (until 1485); Battle of St. Albans.
		Richard of York is defeated and killed; Earl of Warwick (the Kingmaker) captures London for the Yorkists; Battle of Northampton: Henry VI is captured by Yorkists
	www.britannia.com /history/medtime.html (2090 words)

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