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	WARSAW CITADEL - PBASE MEETING Photo Gallery by Jola Dziubinska at pbase.com
		Alexander's Citadel, later called the Warsaw Citadel, was built by the Russian authorities between 1831- 1834, by personal order of Tsar Nicholas I after the 1830 November Uprising.
		The Citadel's infamous Tenth Pavilion was liquidated in 1925.
		The Warsaw Citadel is one of the best-preserved objects of the 19th century fortification and defensive architecture.
	www.pbase.com /jolka/warsaw_citadel__pbase_meeting_ (747 words)

	Poland Hotels and Apartments - Hotels in Warsaw and Krakow Hotels, Accommodation and apartments in Warsaw
		In 1406, following the relocation of the collegiate church in Czersk, Warsaw became the centre of the secular and ecclesiastical authorities and in 1413 its status was confirmed by the official move of the capital of Mazovia from Czersk to Warsaw.
		The part of Mazovia containing Warsaw fell to the Prussians and the town was relegated to the status of a provincial centre.
		In the Citadel erected in the years 1832-34 at the cost of demolishing a whole district the feared Investigative Commission worked, its aim was to control the rebellious city by means of terror.
	www.hotels-warsaw.org /warsaw-history-en.php (2158 words)

	Warsaw Arsenal Information
		It was the scene of heavy fighting during the Warsaw Insurrection of 1794.
		During the Warsaw Insurrection of 1794, the building was a scene of heavy fights between the Polish Army and civilians, and the Russian units occupying Warsaw.
		The building then saw heavy fighting during the ill-fated Warsaw Uprising of 1944 and was one of the Polish redoubts in the area, defending the area of Warsaw's Old Town from the west.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Warsaw_Arsenal (574 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Warsaw
		Warsaw (Polish, Warszawa), on the western bank of the Vistula, is the capital of the Kingdom of Poland.
		The Diocese, or Archdiocese, of Warsaw is of comparatively recent origin, though Christianity has flourished there from the foundation of the city, ancient documents attesting the existence of a church of St. George at Warsaw in 1195.
		Frederick William II of Prussia, having obtained possession of Warsaw in 1797, nominated Joseph Boncza Miaskowski, the rector of the cathedral of Posen, as its bishop.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15555a.htm (1843 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1795, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia to become the capital of the province of New East Prussia.
		Warsaw is home to over 30 major theatres that are spread throughout the city, including the National Theatre (founded in 1765) and the Grand Theatre in Warsaw ([1]) (established 1778).
		Warsaw is seen as the heart of Poland by foreign investors, whose financial participation in the city's development was estimated in 2002 at over 650 million euro.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Warsaw (4434 words)

	Warsaw - holidays in Warsaw - hotels in Warsaw
		Its population as of 2004 was estimated at 1,692,900, with an urban agglomeration of approximately 2,760,000.
		In the course of the September Campaign, Warsaw was severely bombed, and in the course of the Siege of Warsaw approximately 10 to 15% of its buildings were destroyed.
		Between Żoliborz and the Vistula the Warsaw Citadel is located, which is one of the priceless monuments of 19th century military architecture in Poland.
	www.vacanzalastminute.com /travel/warsaw.shtml (2011 words)

	Legia Warszawa - legia.net - Warsaw (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1339 Warsaw, situated in the area of neutral Masovian Duchy, witnessed the papal court between king Casimir the Great and the Teutonic Knights as regards their illegal occupation of the entire area of Gdańsk, which belonged to Poland.
		During the reign of duke Janus I the Elder (1374-1429) Warsaw fulfilled in Masovia the role of capital city, becoming in 1406 the centre of spiritual and secular power, the fact confirmed in 1413, when the Masovian capital was officially moved from Czersk to Warsaw.
		The second "golden age" of Warsaw passed under the reign of the last Polish king Stanislav August Poniatowski, when dynamically developing Warsaw grew in size and transformed into a modern municipal organism, simultaneously becoming the undisputable centre of political, economic, commercial and industrial life of Poland and the capital of Polish enlightenment.
	english.legia.net /warsaw.php (1954 words)

	Welcome Warsaw - Informations about Warsaw in Poland.
		Although the panorama of the city is dominated by sky-scrapers, the symbol of the capital city is the rebuilt Royal Castle which, along with the Old City, the Royal Track and castle and park residences in the Łazienki and Wilanów constitutes the aim of domestic and foreign excursions.
		Between Zoliborz and the Vistula the Warsaw Citadel is located, which is one of the priceless monuments of 19th century military architecture in Poland.
		Warsaw, and especially its downtown area of Śródmieście is not only home to many national institutions and government agenda, but also is housing a huge number of both domestic and international companies.
	www.welcomewarsaw.com (819 words)

	[No title]
		The Warsaw Ghetto revolt was the largest Jewish uprising against the Nazis and was the first armed revolt in occupied Europe.
		When the Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto in 1942 realized that meek submission to the slaughter did not lessen their chance of death, but increased it, they decided upon a plan of armed resistance.
		As the highest decision- making body of the Warsaw Pact, the PCC was charged with assessing international developments that affected the security of the allied states and warranted the execution of the Warsaw Pact's collective self-defense provisions.
	www.lycos.com /info/warsaw--warsaw-uprising.html (823 words)

	Welcome Poland - Informations about Warsaw in Poland. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although the panorama of the city is dominated by sky-scrapers, the symbol of the capital city is the rebuilt Royal Castle which, along with the Old City, the Royal Track and castle and park residences in the Łazienki and Wilanów constitutes the aim of domestic and foreign excursions.
		Suppressed by the invader, the Warsaw Uprising (August 1st - October 2nd, 1944) gave rise to the extermination of the population and actual crossing out of Warsaw from the list of European cities, which the invader was aiming at.
		Warsaw is entering today, along with many other Polish cities, the list of European leading centres, its economic functions are developing, it is a place of meetings for business and scientists from all over the world, streets are becoming increasingly beautiful, enriched by elegant shops, galleries and department stores.
	www.welcomepoland.com /warsaw (1132 words)

	Warsaw Hotels
		The Polonia Palace Hotel located in the heart of Warsaw is a deluxe hotel, which has been recently renovated and refurbished and today provides the guests with all the facilities, people would expect from a quality European hotel in the 21st century.
		The Rialto Hotel in Warsaw is housed in a beautiful and fully restored building constructed at the beginning of the 20th century.
		Perfectly located in the heart of Warsaw's business district, the four-star Jan III Sobieski Hotel is within easy reach from all parts of the city with the major attractions and places of interest.
	www.warsaw-hotels.net /eng/guide/sights/citadel.html (667 words)

	Warsaw travel guide - Wikitravel
		Warsaw [1] (Polish: Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and, with 1.7 million inhabitants, its largest city.
		The Warsaw Tourist Information [4] will answer your questions about the city and other regions of Poland, tell you what's happening in the city at the time of your stay, book a hotel room for you and sell you a map of the city (or even give you one for free).
		Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport (WAW) is located in the area of Okęcie in Włochy, some 10 km south of the centre point of the city.
	wikitravel.org /en/Warsaw (6895 words)

	The Citadel In Warsaw, Page I
		Originally the Citadel was known as a Alexander's Citadel, according to the Russian Tsar of that time and the Citadel was intended to keep the rebel city obedient to the Russian authorities.
		During the Warsaw uprising in 1944, some battles were fought near of the Citadel, when the German garrison prevented the Polish Home Army from the center of the city of linking up with other units in the northern districts of Warsaw.
		Today the Citadel holds a museum, but some parts of the fortification are still in use by the Polish Army.
	www.silentwall.com /CitadelI.html (374 words)

	Warsaw Tourist attractions (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Between Å»oliborz and the Vistula the Warsaw Citadel is located, which is one of the priceless monuments of 19th century military architecture in Poland.
		Located on Warsaw's Okopowa street and abutting the Powazki Cemetery, the Jewish Cemetery was established in 1806 and occupies 33 hectares (83 acres) of land.
		Cytadela (Polish for Citadel) is a 19th-century fortress in Warsaw, Poland.
	www.lemadame.info /Tourist_attractions.php (2085 words)

	Warsaw Citadel Photo Gallery by Tomasz Dziubinski Photography at pbase.com
		The Citadel was built by personal order of Tsar Nicholas I after the 1830 November Uprising.
		The Tsarist authorities had planned in 1913 to raze the fortress, but the process had not begun before the outbreak of World War I. In 1915 Warsaw was occupied by German forces with little opposition from the Russian garrison, which abandoned the fortress and withdrew east.
		After Poland regained her independence in 1918, the Citadel was taken over by the Polish Army.
	www.pbase.com /smok53/warsaw_citadel (595 words)

	Warsaw Voice
		The Citadel continued to be used as a prison until the mid-1920s.
		For Żoliborz residents, the Citadel is first and foremost a park, a playground for children, a duckpond and a place where you can go for a walk with children or have a first date.
		The citadel additionally functions as a meeting place for students from local high schools, as was the case in the mid-1980s when a group of young people, meeting on a bench in the park between the Citadel and Wilsona Square, established a rock band called-appropriately enough-Citadel.
	www.warsawvoice.pl /printArticle.php?a=3962 (399 words)

	Magdeburg Sting 1936 - Part VI (documents)
		One of the most important episode of battle for Warsaw was overtaking, by 203 Polish Battalion of Kalisk's Cavalry, of IVth soviet Army headquarters in Ciechanow on 15 August.
		Although his discovery was caused by an accident and boredom (he had to spent all night segregating the intercepted radio messages and discard all the ciphered ones), it became a major sensation in the staff.
		Because of that, in July of 1919 he was transferred to Warsaw, where he became the head of the radio intelligence department of the Polish General Staff.
	www.minelinks.com /war/meeting_doc.html (2016 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - JASTROW, MARCUS (MORDECAI):
		In 1858 Jastrow removed as rabbi to Warsaw, and threw himself into the study of the Polish language and of Polish conditions.
		On various pretexts the three rabbis were arrested (Nov. 10, 1861) and incarcerated in the citadel of Warsaw.
		A few weeks later, Nov., 1862, the order for his expulsion was revoked, and gave occasion for a controversy between the congregation at Warsaw (which had continued his salary until he went to Mannheim) and that of Mannheim; at Jastrow's request the latter released him.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=170&letter=J&search=jastrow (990 words)

	Warsaw Map - 1938 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Warsaw, the capital of Poland, was almost completely destroyed in 1944 by the Nazi occupiers.
		For those interested in Warsaw as it was, just before World War II, the part of a 1938 map showing the city center is reproduced here.
		Warsaw is located on the river Vistula, in the center of Poland.
	www.biega.com /blwwa38.html (153 words)

	The official website of the City of Warsaw
		During the German occupation, defenders of Warsaw (1939) and underground army soldiers were buried in this cemetery, and in 1945, many Home Army soldiers and uprisers, exhumed in the streets and the public gardens of Warsaw.
		Near the Citadel, on August 5th, 1864, R.Traugutt, the last dictator of the January Uprising, was executed with the members of the National Government.
		On January 17th, 1945, the Citadel was seized by the 6th regiment of infantry of the 2nd H.Dąbrowski Division of Infantry.
	www.e-warsaw.pl /miasto/trasy-4.php (1284 words)

	Poland as you like! - Warsaw (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Royal Castle (Polish Zamek Królewski) in Warsaw is the royal palace and official residence of the Polish monarchs.
		Warsaw's Old Town (Polish: Stare Miasto, Starówka) is the oldest historic district of the city.
		It is the oldest part of the city of Warsaw and one of its most prominent tourist attractions.
	poland.as /FAQ/Winter_Camp_in_Warsaw/Warsaw/1284,,5,1,0,0-Warsaw.html (770 words)

	::Warsaw Uprising::
		The Warsaw Uprising was a valiant attempt in 1944 by the Home Army of Warsaw to defeat the German army in their city.
		On August 20th, when it was obvious that the early days of success in the uprising were not being sustained, Churchill and Roosevelt made a joint appeal to Stalin to help the Home Army.
		The relationship between America and Britain on the one hand and Russia on the other reached such depths over the Warsaw Uprising that on one occasion, on September 4th 1944, the British discussed at cabinet level the possibility of stopping the Artic convoys which aided the Russian war effort.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /warsaw_uprising.htm (951 words)

	Forty (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fort Wladimir (since 1920 known as Legionów) was built between 1852-1854, south of Warsaw Citadel.
		Its main purpose was the protection of the Citadel from New Town side and the defense of a seasonal military bridge across the Vistula river.
		Between the tower and the river an L-shaped earth battery was erected with two brick emergency shelters and a brick gun-emplacement, controlling the Vistula river.
	republika.pl /fl2004/english.html (601 words)

	Polish History - Part 9
		Under the Treaty of Tilsit the Duchy of Warsaw was established on part of the lands of Prussian-annexed Poland.
		The signal for revolt was given by the July Revolution in France, the uprising in Belgium and the Russian plans to intervene militarily, providing for the use of the Kingdom's army to put down the freedom movements.
		The fall of the uprising brought on the annulment of the Constitution, the liquidation of the Kingdom's army, the closing of Warsaw University and the construction of the citadel in Warsaw.
	www.poloniatoday.com /history9.htm (1785 words)

	Travel guide to Warsaw (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Citadel museum is located on Skazancow Street near Wybrzeze Gdanskie Street.
		An excellent connection to New Town is by buses 116, 122, 144, 175, 179 and 195 leaving from the center of Warsaw.
		Citadel museum is best reached by street cars 2, 12 and 18 by getting off at by Gdansk bridge on Gdanskie Wybrzeze Street.
	www.explorewarsaw.com /NewTown.htm (198 words)

	Warsaw Uprising Witnesses: Julian Eugeniusz Kulski III
		Von dem Bach, charged personally by Hitler not to take prisoners, to kill women and children as well as civilian men, and to eradicate the city of Warsaw from the face of the earth, had been anxious to get Fischer out as soon as he arrived in Wola, the westerly suburb.
		Almost the entire force of Zoliborz, under the personal command of Colonel ‘Zywiciel,' is assembled along the full length of the line from the Old Citadel to the Chemical Institute and the artillery positions in the suburb of Burakow.
		When the enemy stopped firing, and the artillery shells from the Citadel stopped thumping, only white flares remained and bathed the field with ghostly light, illuminating the 300 dead and wounded that were left behind.
	www.warsawuprising.com /witness/kulski3.htm (1542 words)

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