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Topic: Warsaw dialect

	Warsaw
		Its population as of 2004 was estimated at 1,692,900, with an urban agglomeration of approximately 2,760,000.
		Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1795, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia to become the capital of the province of New East Prussia.
		Warsaw is seen as the heart of Poland by foreign investors, whose financial participation in the city's development was estimated in 2002 at over 650 million euro.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/w/wa/warsaw.html (4670 words)

	Dialect - GipsyPrincess.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Dialects can be distinguished from: sociolects, which are varieties of a language spoken by a certain social class; standard languages, which are standardized for public performance (for example, a written standard); jargons, which are characterized by differences in vocabulary (or lexicon according to linguist jargon); slang; patois; creoles; pidgins or argots.
		Varieties of language such as dialects, idiolects and sociolects can be distinguished not only by their vocabulary and grammar, but also by differences in phonology (including prosody).
		Those who identify a particular dialect as the "standard" or "proper" version of a language are in fact using these terms to express a social distinction.
	www.gipsyprincess.com /encyclopedia/Dialect (922 words)

	CalendarHome.com - Warsaw - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Warsaw is a powiat (county), and is further divided into 18 boroughs, each one known as a dzielnica (map), each one with its own administrative body.
		In the course of the Invasion of Poland, Warsaw was severely bombed, and in the course of the Siege of Warsaw approximately 10 to 15% of its buildings were destroyed.
		Warsaw is home to over 30 major theatres that are spread throughout the city, including the National Theatre (founded in 1765) and the Grand Theatre in Warsaw ([1]) (established 1778).
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Warsaw (4480 words)

	Warsaw at AllExperts
		Its population as of 2005 was estimated at 1,697,596, with an urban agglomeration of approximately 2,760,000.
		In the course of the Polish September Campaign, Warsaw was severely bombed, and in the course of the Siege of Warsaw approximately 10 to 15% of its buildings were destroyed.
		Public transportation in Warsaw is as efficient as it is ubiquitous, serving the city with trolleybuses, tramways, and metro.
	en.allexperts.com /e/w/wa/warsaw.htm (5084 words)

	Warsaw dialect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Warsaw dialect (język warsiaski, Polish: Gwara warszawska) is a regional dialect of the Polish language spoken in Warsaw.
		The Warsaw dialect is composed mostly of the Polish language substratum, with notable (mostly lexical) influences from the Masovian dialect of Polish, as well as Russian, German, Yiddish and other languages.
		Due to the large number of prisons in Warsaw, the influence of the Warsaw dialect on the evolution of grypsera was immense and to some extent the shape of the latter language is a distant relative of the former.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Warsaw_dialect (752 words)

	Dialect - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Dialects are groups of idiolects with a common core of similarities in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary.
		Dialects exist as a continuum in which adjacent dialects are mutually intelligible, yet with increasing isolation between noncontiguous dialects, differences may accumulate to the point of mutual unintelligibility.
		When a dialect is spoken by a large group of speakers of a language, it often acquires prestige, which leads to the development of a standard language.
	dialect.quickseek.com (2164 words)

	Dialect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		A dialect (from the Greek word &948;&953;&940;&955;&949;&954;&964;&959;&962;) is a variety of a language used by people from a particular geographic area.
		Another problem occurs in the case of diglossia, used to describe a situation where, in a given society, There are two closely-related languages, one of high-prestige, which is generally used by the government and in formal texts, and one of low-prestige, which is usually the spoken vernacular tongue.
		A dialect continuum is a network of dialects in which geographically adjacent dialects are mutually comprehensible, but with comprehensibility steadily decreasing as distance between the dialects increases.
	dialect.iqnaut.net (1409 words)

	Dia-pozytyw: DICTIONARY
		Warsaw had the largest number of publishing houses (36.2% of all Jewish periodicals and books published in Poland); there were Jewish theaters (including Eldorado, Bagatela, Ermitage, Centralny, Nowosci and Elizeum); famous choirs (such as that of the Great Synagogue on Tłomackie Street, directed by D. Ajzensztadt, or the Grosser Choir, founded by Bund members).
		Warsaw was also an important center for Jewish academic life and schools; most of the school headquarters were located in Warsaw, and from 1928, courses were offered at the Institute of Judaic Studies.
		Warsaw was no longer the most important Jewish center after the war as the result of waves of emigration in 1946, 1949 and 1956-57, forced assimilation and repression on the part of the communist authorities.
	www.diapozytyw.pl /en/site/slownik_terminow/warszawa (1309 words)

	Information about the language
		The Polish language acquired literary status through the work of individual writers in the 16th century, and in the 17th-18th centuries it was recognized as a language of education, science, public debate, etc. The first Polish dictionary was not compiled until the beginning of the 19th century.
		There are several dialects of the Polish language, the most notable being Great Polish (in the northwest, dialect of Gniezno), Little Polish (in the southeast, dialect of Cracow), Mazovian (dialect of Warsaw) and Silesian.
		Contemporary standard Polish, based mainly on the Warsaw variant of the language, is spoken or at least understood throughout the country.
	www.ecml.at /html/polish/html/information_about_language_nowe.htm (1147 words)

	Warsaw - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Following the Warsaw Uprising the tramway was destroyed by the Germans until the liberation of the ruins in January 1945.
		Warsaw is home to over 30 major theatres that are spread throughout the city, including the National Theatre (founded in 1765) and the Grand Theatre in Warsaw ([1]) (established 1778).
		Warsaw is seen as the heart of Poland by foreign investors, whose financial participation in the city's development was estimated in 2002 at over 650 million euro.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Warsaw (5073 words)

	Polish language - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Polish is the main representative of the Lekhitic branch of the Western Slavic languages.
		This is especially true of the regional dialects of Upper Silesia.
		Some place names have also been adapted from French, such as the two Warsaw boroughs of Żoliborz (joli bord=beautiful riverside) and Mokotów (mon coteau=my cottage), as well as the suburb of Żyrardów (from the name Girard, with the Polish suffix -ów attached to form the town's name).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Pl (2411 words)

	:: future :: :: Warsaw :: June :: 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Warsaw (Polish: Warszawa, [varˈʂava](?), in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city.
		Its population as of 2004 was estimated at 1,692,900, with an urban agglomeration of approximately 2,760,000.
		In the course of the September Campaign, Warsaw was severely bombed, and in the course of the Siege of Warsaw approximately 10 to 15% of its buildings were destroyed.
	fiucer.blogsome.com /2006/06/10/warsaw (5362 words)

	Tieszen, Final stop devoicing in Polish: Abstract
		For speakers from Warsaw in all environments and all places of articulation, the duration of glottal pulsing into closure was significantly longer for underlyingly voiced stops than for voiceless.
		The results obtained from the Southwestern dialect show small, statistically non-significant durational differences in voicing cues, suggesting that the voicing distinction word-finally before following initial voiceless consonant is fully neutralized or that some other voicing cue(s), not considered in this study, are relevant in maintaining the voicing distinction word-finally in this particular dialect.
		A strong dialect effect on the durational dimensions of the voicing cues was also observed.
	ling.wisc.edu /abstracts/tieszen.htm (364 words)

	John Hay Atlantic Monthly Article
		Hay was living in Warsaw in 1844 and 1845, viewing the Mormon conflict through the lens of a non-Mormon child near the action.
		The newspapers of the county grew hysterical with exclamation-points and "display-type." The Warsaw "Signal," published at the head-quarters of the anti-Mormons, by Mr.
		Warsaw is eighteen miles from Carthage; the Smiths were killed at half past five: at a quarter before eight the returning crowd began to drag their weary limbs through the main street of Warsaw, — at such an astounding rate of speed had the lash of their own thoughts driven them.
	www.utlm.org /onlineresources/johnhayarticle.htm (5647 words)

	Finance Choices - Personal Finance Wiki
		Every member of the Queen's Royal Hussars of the United Kingdom light cavalry wears the Maid of Warsaw, the crest of the City of Warsaw, on the left sleeve of his No. 2 (Service) Dress.
		One of Joy Division’s songs released in the album Substance is called Warsaw.
		The Miss World 2006 competition took place in Warsaw, in the Palace of Culture and Science, Congress Hall.
	www.financechoices.co.uk /personal-finance-wiki.php?title=Warsaw (4646 words)

	Warsaw Autumn 2002 - Performers
		My intention was to highlight the link between the tragic and the comical, which is derived from the vitality of Ruzzafante's theatre, full of indecency and expressive power.
		It presents the unbridled energy of the rural world, including the use of dialect.
		While the music comments on the stage action and takes part in it, the noisy quarrels, the sarcasm of the servants, the ambiguous footman's love song, and the scene in which the father recognises his daughter succeed one another and get mixed up.
	www.warsaw-autumn.art.pl /02/composers/c11.html (452 words)

	FYI France (sm)(tm) essai 10.2005c, The Zaluski Collection in Warsaw
		They pursued their studies in dialectic, rhetoric, Roman history, geography, the Bible and -- although they were preparing themselves for the priesthood -- they had a dancing master.
		Around 1734 the brothers sent their collections to the cloister of the Carmelites, in Warsaw, where some of the books scattered in the cells were eaten by rats.
		In the collections of the National Library in Warsaw are found, for example, the catalog of the public sale of the Mylius firm in Berlin (1767), carefully annotated by Zaluski, and the bill for some sixty books.
	www.fyifrance.com /f102005c.htm (7078 words)

	Tour Jewels of Poland
		The rest of the day is free for you to see some of Warsaw.
		The included sightseeing tour with a local guide is an excellent introduction to Warsaw, magnificently reconstructed after wartime destruction.
		Typical of this area are the highlander wooden houses and the influences from Hungarian and Austrian occupation periods, shown in the local costumes and dialect.
	www.azint.com /86.htm (925 words)

	Did Sam Clemens Write (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		To this day Warsaw residents and historians believe that he set type for a town newspaper during that time and that he came to Warsaw following a quarrel with his brother Orion, who had been his boss since mid-1855 in the Ben Franklin Book and Job Office directly across the river in Keokuk, Iowa.
		Sam Clemens’ use of dialect spellings and forms in the three Snodgrass letters is inconsistent from letter to letter and even within any one letter.
		John E. Hall was, who is currently preparing a history of Warsaw, wrote the present writer on 16 April 1982: "That Twain was a typesetter in Warsaw has been known for some time by modern residents." In a letter of the same date, Mr.
	www.compedit.com /did_sam_clemens_write.htm (2125 words)

	Polish language at AllExperts
		Polish became far more homogeneous in the second half of the 20th century, partly due to universal education, but also because of the mass migration of several million Polish citizens from the eastern to the western part of the country after the east was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1939, during World War II.
		An example of this is the Warsaw dialect, still spoken by some of the population of Praga, on the eastern bank of the Vistula.
		Latin was a language known to a larger or smaller degree by most of the numerous szlachta in the 16th to 18th centuries.
	en.allexperts.com /e/p/po/polish_language.htm (2418 words)

	Polish language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Polish is the main representative of the Lechitic branch of the Western Slavic languages.
		Polish was once a lingua franca in various regions of Central and Eastern Europe, mostly due to the political, cultural, scientific and military influence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
		The Polish language is the most widely-spoken of the Slavic language subgroup of the Lechitic languages which include Kashubian (the only surviving dialect of the Pomeranian language) and the extinct Polabian language.
	www.reboom.com /article/Polish_language.html (1674 words)

	Russian Language Facts
		In the twentieth century, it was widely taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact, and in other countries influenced by the USSR.
		Some linguists divide the dialects of the Russian language into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern," with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two.
		Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the eighteenth century.
	www.languagehelpers.com /languagefacts/russian.html (1667 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Poland: General Information
		It is one of the most emancipated; best organized and least assimilated minority communities in the country, the linguistic factor playing a crucial role in maintaining their regional and national identity.
		Nearly all Lithuanians are bi- or actually trilingual, with a Lithuanian dialect as their mother tongue and good knowledge of standard Lithuanian and Polish.
		Most of them are bilingual with a dialect of Romany as a mother tongue and some knowledge of Polish.
	www.us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewGeneral.asp?CID=39 (1288 words)

	The Warsaw Uprising of 1944, Part 3
		Namely poor Varsovians, who were driven by Germans from Warsaw at the terrible wandering, do not get these things, which mostly are given by the members of R.G.O. to their families and to the next of kin.
		Twenty and six years ago Joseph Pilsudski came from Magdeburg to Warsaw that to take in his hands the rudder of governments of Polish state, which was recovered after one hundred and twenty five years.
		Halinka went out from Warsaw still before the insurrection, and stayed in Brwinow; instead her mother, after attaining of Poznanska-Street by Germans, was transported with thousands of other poor Poles to the camp in Pruszkow, where she was set at liberty.
	www.gideon1.net /uprising/diary_3c.htm (21578 words)

	Macedonian Language
		The modern Macedonian literary standard is based on the central variants of the western dialect, west of the River Vardar, even though it contains features from the eastern dialect, to the east of the Vardar.
		A characteristic feature of the Macedonian literary standard is the three-syllable accent (the accent always falls on the third syllable from the end in words of three syllables or more), and the clear pronunciation of unaccented vowels.
		Macedonian is taught as a subject in several university centres in the world, at the appropriate faculties in Moscow, Voronyezh, Minsk, Ivanovo, Warsaw, Krakow, Katowice, Lodz, Krajova, Prague, Vienna, Halle, Lund, Paris, Naples, Amsterdam, Utrecht, Bradford, Portland, Budapest, Istanbul and Toronto.
	www.mymacedonia.net /language/official.htm (1027 words)

	LitWeb.net
		It is almost entirely written in peasant dialect.
		He was admitted to the tailor's guild as a journeyman in Warsaw.
		Reymont died on December 5, 1925 in Warsaw.
	www.biblion.com /litweb/biogs/reymont_wladyslaw.html (806 words)

	[No title]
		I believe Masha Leon of the Forward said she grew up it Warsaw but used the klal shprakh (by which I assume she means in her family they said puter, shutef, meshune, and not piter, shitef, and meshine).
		After all it is the secularists and apikorsim who built the medine and in a ruthless way tried to annihilate and obliterate any mention of yidish while it is their ultra-orthodox brethren, so often the subject of scorn and ridicule, who have steadfastly stuck to yidish as if it were given on barg sinay.
		Besides, because of the nature of languages the accents and dialects are categorised more as londener, antverpene, vilyamsburge, boro parker or benay beraker and yerisholaymer.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/academic/languages/yiddish/mendele/vol5.140 (1145 words)

	Warsaw Jewish festival (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The organizers' idea is to bring Warsaw’s pre-war Jewish quarter back to life with outdoor song, dance and theatre performances during the second annual festival of Jewish culture under the title “The Warsaw of Singer”.
		Karaoke performances by singing Jewish waiters on the streets of the former Warsaw Jewish quarter are among the attractions.
		Yep, before WW2 Warsaw was the biggest "Jewish" city in Europe, and secod biggest in the world (after New York City).
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1485194/posts (1834 words)

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