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Topic: Wartime Elections Act

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	Wartime Elections Act
		Wartime Elections Act In 1917 PM Sir Robert Borden's Conservative government feared that CONSCRIPTION, introduced in May to bolster the Canadian fighting forces in WORLD WAR I, was unpopular and that Canadians not of British descent would combine to defeat the government in the upcoming general election.
		The Act also granted the vote to the wives, mothers and sisters of serving soldiers, as well as women serving in the armed forces.
		The Act undoubtedly increased support for Borden's party but was not a factor in the 1917 election.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0008455 (155 words)

	Elections Canada On-Line \| Media
		At the first general election after Confederation, only males over the age of 21 who met certain property qualifications were eligible to vote and run as candidates in a federal election.
		The election of 1921 was the first in which the number of people registered on the voters lists represented more than 50 percent of the population.
		Elections Canada is the non-partisan agency responsible for the conduct of federal elections and referendums.
	www.elections.ca /content.asp?section=med&document=oct2600b&dir=pre&lang=e (874 words)

	Canadian federal election, 1917 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1917 Canadian federal election (sometimes referred to as the khaki election) was held on December 17, 1917, to elect members of the 13th Parliament of the Canadian House of Commons.
		The election resulted in Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden's Unionist government elected with a strong majority, and the largest percent share of the popular vote for a single party in Canadian history.
		The first of these, the Wartime Elections Act, disenfranchised conscientious objectors and Canadian citizens who were born in enemy countries who had arrived after 1902.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Canadian_federal_election,_1917 (537 words)

	Canada in the Making - Specific Events & Topics
		This was evident in the Immigration Act, 1952.
		This immigration act was passed in the House of Commons in November 2001, and became law in June 2002.
		This act is now geared towards letting people into the country who have at least five years prior business experience, a gross corporate income of $500,000 and a net personal income of $50,000 a year.
	www.canadiana.org /citm/specifique/immigration_e.html (2261 words)

	ELECTION 2004- THE MONKEY ON PAUL MARTIN'S BACK : Thunderbay IMC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Meighan as acting Minister of Justice under Borden during WWI when the government for the first time was a pizza parliament, a joint government of Conservatives, Liberals and Unionists.
		Meighan as Justice Minister was responsible for the 1914 Conscription Act and the Wartime Elections Act and the War Measures Act, these were detested in Quebec because they broke the promise of the previous Laurier Liberals that they would not bring in Conscription.
		An election was called and the Conservatives went down to defeat for their opposition to the Manitoba Act.
	thunderbay.indymedia.org /mail.php?id=14370 (1259 words)

	Welcome to IPD's Home on the Web
		The classical democracy perspective belonged to the tradition of grand old narratives, like Marxism and mass society theories, which are based mainly on scholarly speculations but were deemed unscientific by a then new generation of social researchers schooled in more scientific and positivist orientations.
		In an era notorious for Nazi wartime propaganda that manipulated the masses, and the bogus Martian Invasion on radio that induced mass hysteria, it was difficult to argue with the power of the mass media.
		Haunted by the ghosts of wartime propaganda, the theorists are gravely concerned with the powerful media effects, the power of propaganda and other mass media manipulations.
	www.ipd.ph /elections/opinion/knowledge_gap.htm (2137 words)

	Elections Canada On-Line \| General Information
		At the first general election after Confederation in 1867, only a small minority of the population qualified as electors in a country that consisted of four provinces, represented by 181 members of Parliament.
		The new Act also introduced a system of proxy voting for fishermen, seamen, prospectors and full-time students absent from their electoral districts on both election day and the advance voting days.
		All incarcerated electors may now vote by special ballot in federal elections, by-elections and referendums regardless of the length of the terms they are serving.
	www.elections.ca /content.asp?section=gen&document=ec90785&dir=bkg&lang=e&textonly=false (1495 words)

	Elections Canada On-Line \| About Elections Canada
		At the first general election after Confederation, only men 21 years of age and over who met certain property qualifications could vote and be candidates in a federal election.
		Civilian men who were not landowners, but who had a son or grandson in the armed forces, were also temporarily granted the franchise, as were women with a father, mother, husband, son, daughter, brother or sister then serving, or who had previously served in the Canadian forces.
		Among the exceptions are impartial officials responsible for running elections: the Chief Electoral Officer, Assistant Chief Electoral Officer, and the returning officers (except when the latter are required to vote to break a tie on a recount).
	www.elections.ca /eca/eim/article_search/article.asp?id=110&lang=e&frmPageSize= (822 words)

	Wartime Elections Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Wartime Elections Act was a bill passed on September 20, 1917 by the Liberal-Conservative government of Robert Borden, and was instrumental in pushing Liberals to join the Liberal-Conservatives in the formation of the Canadian Unionist government.
		The act took the vote away from conscientious objectors, and anyone who had been born in an enemy country and had immigrated to Canada since 1902, even if they were now Canadian citizens.
		The act was coupled with the Military Voters Act that further skewed the vote in favour of the Unionists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wartime_Elections_Act (399 words)

	Page Title
		Under the act people were obliged to carry them at all times and could be fined £5 (or imprisoned, or both) if they did not.
		The 1939 Act laid down that the police had the power to require anyone to produce their card when asked or at a police station within two days.
		In a wartime situation, with other civil liberties curtailed, there was little overt opposition to the carrying of identity cards.
	www.thearne.karoo.net /page4.html (519 words)

	HarpWeek \| Elections \| Issues
		The promise of patronage positions encouraged citizens to become involved in the partisan cause and to vote the party ticket (one's vote was publicly known to all, not by secret ballot).
		During the election season, patronage employees were a valuable source of campaign workers and campaign finances.
		They were expected to allocate part of their time to electioneering for the party's candidates and to contribute a percentage of their annual salaries to the party's treasury.
	elections.harpweek.com /Issues-1.htm (1687 words)

	babble: Election 2026 - The Future of Voting and the History
		Data is analyzed immediately and feeds into the Chief Election Officer's report, which is produced and reported on in the media one hour after the election polls close.
		However the Act allows the Chief Electoral Officer to study alternative voting means for future use in a general election or by-election.
		Section 18.1 of the Canada Elections Act states: "The Chief Electoral Officer may carry out studies on voting, including studies respecting alternative voting means, and may devise and test an electronic voting process for future use in a general election or a by-election.
	www.rabble.ca /babble/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic&f=35&t=001211&p= (1964 words)

	1917, Sept. 26. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Compulsory Military Service Act became law, conscripting men between ages of 20 and 45.
		French Canadians were dissatisfied with conscription and with English-language requirements in the schools and failed to enlist.
		The elections (Dec. 17) resulted in a sweeping victory for the coalition; Quebec was unrepresented in the cabinet.
	www.bartleby.com /67/2219.html (167 words)

	Wartime Dissent Is Part Of Patriotism, Kerry Says
		Thirty-five years after Massachusetts Sen. John F. Kerry (D) appeared before a Senate committee to call for an end to the war in Vietnam, he defended that decision yesterday in a speech in his home town and linked it to his current insistence on an early drawdown of troops from Iraq.
		Kerry, in remarks delivered in Boston's Faneuil Hall Marketplace, cast dissent in wartime as a patriotic act -- a response to Republican critics who insist that questioning the conduct of the war in Iraq emboldens America's enemies.
		He referred to his 1971 testimony to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in asserting that the Bush administration has not learned the lessons of history.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/22/AR2006042200873_pf.html (590 words)

	USIA - Portrait of the USA, Ch. 3
		Acting on behalf of the Spanish crown, in 1492 the Italian navigator Christopher Columbus sailed west from Europe and landed on one of the Bahama Islands in the Caribbean Sea.
		Although Soviet leader Joseph Stalin had promised to support free elections in all the liberated nations of Europe, Soviet forces imposed Communist dictatorships in eastern Europe.
		The most serious issue of the day was the revelation that the United States had secretly sold arms to Iran in an attempt to win freedom for American hostages held in Lebanon and to finance antigovernment forces in Nicaragua at a time when Congress had prohibited such aid.
	usinfo.state.gov /usa/infousa/facts/factover/ch3.htm (4528 words)

	beSpacific: Patriot Act Archives
		From Wired, see NSA Bill Performs a Patriot Act: "A bill radically redefining and expanding the government's ability to eavesdrop and search the houses of U.S. citizens without court approval passed a key Senate committee Wednesday, and may be voted on by the full Senate as early as next week."
		The filing this week by the Archive and the ACLU was consolidated with a suit filed on January 19, 2006, by the Electronic Privacy Information Center ("EPIC") that requested the federal court in Washington to issue a preliminary injunction requiring the release of relevant documents within 20 days-which Judge Henry H. Kennedy, Jr.
		In advance of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary hearing on Wartime Executive Power and the NSA's Surveillance Authority, February 6, 2006, the Committee's Republican Chairman, Arlen Specter, sent a letter on January 24, 2006, to Attorney General Alberto Gonzales, listing 15 questions for which he expected detailed responses.
	www.bespacific.com /mt/archives/cat_patriot_act.html (9051 words)

	Women's Suffrage
		Although influenced by both the English and the U.S. woman suffrage movements, the Canadian movement did not develop a strong national organization or resort to the militant tactics of suffragists in Britain or the United States.
		Since it was believed that mothers should take an interest in their children's education and in local charities, local suffrage was more acceptable than national suffrage.
		Swedish women were not enfranchised until 1921, although they had had voting privileges in municipal elections as early as 1863.
	teacher.scholastic.com /activities/suffrage/history.htm (6549 words)

	Seeing the Forest: Elections Archives
		Pioneering election security researcher Rebecca Mercuri has told me that she's actually much more concerned about "disenfranchisement of voters due to the strategic denial-of-service that currently masquerades as malfunctions," than she is about "manipulation of election equipment and data files in order to alter election outcomes, although both remain problematic."
		We're in the last month of an election cycle and there are maybe four or five stories, each of which could totally dominate the national political news on their own.
		Following the election, PFA is reported to have spent as much as $20 million – much of that received from investment firms anticipating commission fees – in support of privatizing Social Security.
	www.seeingtheforest.com /archives/elections (8519 words)

	Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties in Wartime
		He increased the size of the Army and Navy, expended funds for the purchase of weapons, instituted a blockade--an act of war--and suspended the precious writ of habeas corpus, all without congressional approval.
		Historically, military commissions during wartime began as traveling courts when there was a need to impose quick punishment.
		This is a difficult maxim to fathom and represents the difficulty Americans and many across the seas have in understanding the different forums of law for trying civilians and those tried by the military.
	www.heritage.org /Research/NationalSecurity/hl834.cfm (4617 words)

	Setting the Stage
		South Koreans participated in a U.N.-supervised election in May 1948 that selected members of the National Assembly.
		Soviet authorities prohibited an election in the North and refused to permit the U.N. Election Commission to enter North Korea.
		The northern half of Korea held separate elections in the fall of 1948, establishing the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and inaugurating Kim Il Sung as its new president.
	korea50.army.mil /history/factsheets/overview.shtml (1569 words)

	The Famous Five - Ottawa Follows Suit
		On September 20, 1917, under the Wartime Elections Act, women in the armed forces or with military relatives were given the right to vote, while citizens of "enemy alien" birth were disenfranchised.
		Between the time that women with military connections got the vote and May 24, 1918, when the Canada Elections Act gave all women over 21 the federal vote, women got the provincial vote in Nova Scotia (April 1918).
		Women in Prince Edward Island had to wait until May 3, 1922 before they were able to vote in provincial elections, and women in Newfoundland did not have that right until April 13, 1925.
	www.abheritage.ca /famous5/achievements/ottawa_suit.html (203 words)

	NOW with David Brancaccio. Politics & Economy. Civil Liberties after 9/11: Timeline \| PBS
		The Alien Act and the Alien Enemies Act gave the President the power to imprison or deport aliens suspected of activities posing a threat to the national government.
		Probably Lincoln's most controversial act was suspending the writ of habeas corpus, a safeguard of liberty that dates back to English common law and England's Habeas Corpus Act of 1671.
		With the The Civil Liberties Act of 1988: Redress for Japanese Americans the U.S. apologized to Japanese Americans for this grave injustice and this Act was signed into law, authorizing the payments of $20,000 to each person who had been evacuated in the 1940s.
	www.pbs.org /now/politics/timeline.html (1312 words)

	Arthur Meighen Quick Facts - Quick Facts - MSN Encarta
		Introduced the 1917 Wartime Elections Act, which denied the vote to Germans naturalized in Canada after 1902, and the Military Voters Act, which denied the vote to conscientious objectors
		July 10, 1920 Succeeded Borden as prime minister and served as secretary for external affairs
		1921 Resigned as prime minister after the Conservative Party was defeated in elections
	encarta.msn.com /media_461577093/Arthur_Meighen_Quick_Facts.html (237 words)

	USA PATRIOT Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The USA PATRIOT Act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001), H.R. 3162, was passed after the attacks of September 11, 2001.
		Many of the sweeping measures of the PATRIOT Act have as yet to be interpreted and may be keeping the courts busy for years, states Nancy Chang, an attorney at the Center for Constitutional Rights.
		Special attention is given to attorney Viet Dinh, chief architect of the act under John Ashcroft, and an immigrant himself, who says that the threat to liberty comes from those like Osama bin Laden, not from the PATRIOT Act.
	www.santaclaracountylib.org /about/patriot_act.html (2619 words)

	IV: 1914-1945: War Years (3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Union Government, which Robert Borden formed in 1917 in order to introduce conscription, passed the Wartime Elections Act.
		The government, and many Canadians, blamed wartime strikes on enemy-aliens and suspicious immigrants.
		This Act enfranchised the mothers, widows, wives, sisters, and daughters of men fighting at the front and disenfranchised conscientious objectors -- individuals who were opposed to military service for religious reasons -- and those "enemy aliens" who were naturalized after 1902.
	www.canadianhistory.ca /iv/1914-1945/war_years/page3.html (246 words)

	The Washington Monthly
		If this is how we define "wartime," it means that in the century from 1940 to 2040 the president will have had emergency wartime powers for virtually the entire time.
		And frankly, breathing is an act of aggression against one's fellow man. Having a baby is an act of aggression.
		But to somehow think that this emotionally crippled man is acting to wiretap Americans because he cares about the welfare of you and me just flies in the face of everything we've ever seen him do.
	www.washingtonmonthly.com /archives/individual/2005_12/007818.php (14095 words)

	Newsvine - patriot-act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A day before parts of the USA Patriot Act were to expire, President Bush signed into law a renewal that will allow the government to keep using terror-fighting tools passed after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks.
		The Senate's passage of the USA Patriot Act hands President Bush a victory in his troubled second term and allows the Republicans to polish their tough-on-terror image for the midterm elections.
		From the Patriot Act to mother's having to drink their own breast milk in order to board planes, the so-called "War" has been a miserable defeat to the citizens of the United States.
	www.newsvine.com /patriot-act (1425 words)

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