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	Waste Isolation Pilot Plant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Waste is placed in rooms 2,150 feet (655 m) underground that have been excavated from a 2,000 foot (600 m) thick salt formation that has been stable for more than 200 million years.
		Waste that is to be disposed of at the location must meet certain "waste acceptance criteria".
		WIPP is unsuited for high level radioactive waste as its high heat attracts water which would lead to rapid corrosion of the waste packages, and the dissolution of the waste into the salty water.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Waste_Isolation_Pilot_Plant (341 words)

	Radioactive waste - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In an oil processing plant the area of the plant where propane is processed is often one of the more contaminated areas of the plant as radon has a similar boiling point as propane.
		Waste from the front end of the nuclear fuel cycle is usually alpha emitting waste from the extraction of uranium.
		While radioactive waste is not as sensitive to disruption as an active nuclear reactor, it is often treated as regular waste and forgotten.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Radioactive_waste (4115 words)

	WIPP Information Site - EHC
		Some of its functions, including those related to disposal of transuranic waste, eventually became the responsibility of DOE.) A 1957 NAS report to the AEC recommended that transuranic and high-level wastes be buried in geologic formations and that the feasibility of using salt beds or salt domes as a disposal medium be investigated.
		Because transuranic waste remains radioactive and must be kept isolated for thousands of years, some have expressed concern that future drilling or mining could disturb the site centuries from now, when government controls over the repository may have deteriorated.
		The above-ground portion of the WIPP facility includes the Waste-Handling Building, where containers of transuranic wastes are to be unloaded and their contents inventoried, inspected, and prepared for disposal underground; a health physics laboratory; an exhaust filter building; emergency electric generators; and staff offices.
	www.nsc.org /ehc/wipp/facil.htm (1381 words)

	CLUI #NM3126 - Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)
		The Plant was constructed in the early 1980's and finally received the first load of waste in the late 1990's.
		All the waste disposed of at WIPP is from other DOE and military sites (none of it is commercial, high-level nuclear waste--that is slated for Yucca Mountain, Nevada), and is comprised of mostly irradiated laboratory material, such as gloves, protective clothing, and other disposable test equipment.
		The repository is built in a bedded salt formation, a geologic layer of salt that is expected to slowly encroach on the waste material, surrounding it and isolating it from the atmosphere and ground water.
	www.clui.org /clui_4_1/ludb/sites/NM3126.html (251 words)

	EPA recertifies DOE's Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
		The waste facility recertification process occurs every five years and is directed by Congress in the WIPP Land Withdrawal Act (LWA).
		The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, located 26 miles outside of Carlsbad, N.M., is a U.S. Department of Energy repository designed to isolate defense-related transuranic waste safely from the public and the environment.
		Waste temporarily stored at sites around the country is shipped to WIPP and permanently disposed in rooms mined out of an ancient salt formation 2,150 feet below the surface.
	www.caprep.com /0406002.htm (230 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: A Potential Solution for the Disposal of Transuranic Waste (1996)
		The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is an underground facility in bedded salt approximately 658 m (2,160 ft.) below the surface in a semi-arid region near Carlsbad, New Mexico, in the southeastern corner of the state (see Figure 1.1).
		(The low and intermediate-level radioactive waste repository at Olkiluoto, Finland, is located at a shallower depth of 125 m; the German repository near Morsleben is an abandoned salt mine, not designed initially as a repository.) This report discusses the key technical issues that influence the suitability of WIPP for isolation of TRU waste.
		Some TRU waste is mixed with chemically hazardous materials (e.g., certain toxic metals and organic compounds); the health consequences of exposure are derived from the chemical effect of these materials on the human body.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309054915/html/7.html (4545 words)

	Untitled Document
		Sound environmental practice requires that the material be permanently isolated to provide protection of human health and the environment for future generations.
		Waste generated during clean up of nuclear weapons production facilities also may be disposed of at WIPP.
		The WIPP Information Center provides stakeholders, educators, government agencies and the general public with a convenient, centralized source of information about the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) and the National transuranic Program.
	wyohomelandsecurity.state.wy.us /wipp.htm (441 words)

	WIPP Frequent Questions \| Radiation Protection Program \| US EPA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The WIPP Land Withdrawal Act specifically excludes high-level waste and spent nuclear fuel from the definition, as neither is allowed to be disposed of at the WIPP.
		EPA's WIPP certification decision is based on an exhaustive scientific review of over 100,000 pages of documentation, confirmatory audits and inspections, independent testing of performance assessment calculations (which are used to demonstrate that WIPP will comply with EPA's quantitative disposal regulations), public hearings and meetings in New Mexico, and nearly 1,000 public comments.
		In addition, all contact-handled transuranic wastes destined for WIPP will be transported in the Transuranic Packaging Transporter (TRUPACT-II), a reusable shipping package or "cask," certified by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and subjected to a series of tests to demonstrate its ability to survive severe crashes and punctures followed by fires or immersion in water.
	www.epa.gov /radiation/wipp/faq.htm (2347 words)

	Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Update
		Legislation on the low-level nuclear waste repository known as the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) passed both houses of Congress and was signed by President Clinton in late September 1996.
		Second, wastes deposited at the facility are restricted to defense nuclear wastes.
		The WIPP project was authorized by Congress in 1980 (P.L. 96-164) to address the problem of long-term disposal of defense-related TRU waste.
	www.agiweb.org /gap/legis106/wipp.html (1067 words)

	January 16, 1998 Record of Decision from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Disposal Phase Final Supplemental ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		TRU waste is waste that contains alpha particle-emitting radionuclides with atomic numbers greater than that of uranium (92) and half-lives greater than 20 years in concentrations greater than 100 nanocuries per gram of waste.
		WIPP consists of the Waste Handling Building where waste would be received and inspected, an underground disposal area, and a waste handling shaft for transfer of waste from the surface to the disposal area.
		Disposal of TRU waste at WIPP would effectively isolate the waste from human contact for more than 10,000 years if the repository remains undisturbed, and, under the Preferred Alternative, is not expected to adversely impact human health even if the repository were to be breached by drilling.
	web.em.doe.gov /em30/wipp_rod.html (5627 words)

	Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Site Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is a Department of Energy (DOE) research and development facility for the safe and permanent disposal of defense-generated transuranic waste (TRUW).
		WIPP is considered in the Waste Management Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (WM PEIS) as a potential geologic disposal site for TRUW from other DOE sites.
		DOE's current strategy is to have all TRUW meet the WIPP waste acceptance criteria established by DOE in consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the State of New Mexico.
	web.em.doe.gov /peisfs/wipp.html (509 words)

	The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
		The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is a network of underground excavations at a depth of approximately 658 m (2,160 ft), in bedded salt formations near Carlsbad, New Mexico, in the southeastern corner of the state (Figure ES.1).
		WIPP is intended to serve as a permanent repository for transuranic (TRU) waste, which consists of a wide variety of materials (such as protective clothing, laboratory equipment, and machine parts) that have become contaminated with radioactive transuranic elements
		Waste solubility and transport: The PA completed by DOE in 1992, and all subsequent analyses, consistently have identified a set of issues that will have the greatest impact on the compliance of WIPP in the event of human intrusion and associated brine flooding of the repository.
	bob.nap.edu /readingroom/books/wipp (3673 words)

	EHC -- Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Transuranic Waste
		Transuranic waste is produced during nuclear fuel assembly; during nuclear weapons research, production, and cleanup; and as a result of reprocessing spent nuclear fuel.
		The WIPP Land Withdrawal Act defines transuranic waste as “waste containing more than 100 nanocuries of alpha-emitting transuranic isotopes per gram of waste, with half-lives greater than 20 years.” The law specifically excludes high-level waste and spent nuclear fuel from the definition, as neither is allowed to be disposed of at the WIPP.
		Contact-handled waste primarily emits alpha particles that are easily shielded by a sheet of paper or the outer layer of a person’s skin.
	www.nsc.org /ehc/guidebks/wippwast.htm (568 words)

	The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: A Potential Solution for the Disposal of Transuranic Waste (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Unless the site -- known as the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant or WIPP -- is breached by humans sometime in the future, there is no credible, probable mechanism for release of radioactive material into the surrounding environment.
		WIPP is a network of chambers and tunnels excavated in a layer of geologically stable salt more than 2,000 feet below the desert surface.
		The committee's report is one of a series prepared by the Research Council since 1978 in response to a request from DOE for an independent review of scientific and technical issues related to designing, constructing, and operating a pilot plant for isolating radioactive wastes from the biosphere.
	www4.nationalacademies.org /news.nsf/isbn/0309054915?OpenDocument (790 words)

	Eyeballing the Nuclear Transuranic Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
		The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) facility near Carlsbad, New Mexico, is the first deep geologic repository for permanent disposal of defense-related transuranic waste in the United States.
		In 1986, EPA ruled that mixed waste (waste that is both hazardous and radioactive) disposed of at the WIPP must comply with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976.
		Because some of the transuranic waste destined for disposal at the WIPP is classified as both radioactive and hazardous, concern was raised as to whether these wastes would be subject to the “no migration” requirements applicable under RCRA.
	cryptome.sabotage.org /wipp-eyeball.htm (952 words)

	97. ¤ WASTE ISOLATION PILOT PLANT (WIPP) COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATION RULEMAKING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The DOE is developing the WIPP near Carlsbad in southeastern New Mexico as a potential deep geologic repository for the disposal of defense transuranic (TRU) radioactive waste currently being stored on Federal reservations in 10 states, including Washington, Ohio, Idaho, New Mexico, Tennessee, South Carolina, Nevada, and Colorado.
		The WIPP compliance certification rule will be limited to consideration of the WIPP's compliance with the disposal regulations found in subparts B and C of 40 CFR 191 (which include containment requirements, assurance requirements, individual protection requirements, and groundwater protection requirements).
		Finally, the WIPP Land Withdrawal Act of 1992 requires that EPA issue criteria to implement the Agency's radioactive waste disposal regulations specifically at the WIPP, and then certify, through use of such criteria, whether or not the WIPP complies with the regulations and should be allowed to open.
	ciir.cs.umass.edu /cgi-bin/ua/web_fetch_doc?dataset=ua&db=agendaOctober1996&doc_id=97 (1181 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Characterization of Remote-Handled Transuranic Waste for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Interim ...
		Criteria for the Certification and Recertification of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant’s compliance with the 40 CFR Part 191 Disposal Regulations, Final Rule.
		Waste Acceptance Criteria for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, DOE/WIPP-069, Revision 5.
		Waste Acceptance Criteria for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, Revision 7.
	www.nap.edu /books/NI000998/html/37.html (1004 words)

	NMED WIPP Information Page
		The State of New Mexico's authority to regulate the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) for the protection of human health and the environment is governed under the New Mexico Hazardous Waste Act (HWA) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
		The subject of the Class 3 modification proposed to allow the construction and use of additional underground Hazardous Waste Disposal Units (HWDUs), or panels, for TRU mixed waste, and was also the subject of a draft Permit issued by NMED on September 17, 2004.
		This request was precipitated by failure of the waste hoist on May 20 and the inability of the Permittees to repair it in a timely manner, coupled with the backlog of existing stored waste and shipments of waste from generator sites in transit to WIPP.
	www.nmenv.state.nm.us /wipp (3451 words)

	WIPP Home Page
		The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, or WIPP, is the world's first underground repository licensed to safely and permanently dispose of
		WIPP Disposal Phase Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS-II)
		The entire 2004 WIPP Compliance Recertification Application (CRA), as submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in March 2004, is now available on-line.
	www.wipp.energy.gov (281 words)

	Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 1955, after extensive study, salt deposits were recommended as a promising medium for the disposal of radioactive waste.
		Salt formations at the WIPP were deposited in thick beds during the evaporation of an ancient ocean, the Permian Sea.
		At the depth of the WIPP repository, the salt will slowly encapsulate the buried waste in the stable rock.
	rturnrvn.com /whysalt.htm (397 words)

	Science News: More questions plague nuclear waste dump - Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, Carlsbad, New Mexico (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Located in a salt formation near Carlsbad, N.M., the $700 million Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is intended to hold materials contaminated with plutonium and other long-lived radioactive elements from the nation's nuclear weapons plants.
		Under criticism that the plant was not ready, the department revised its schedule and targeted this September to begin waste loading (SN: 9/24/88, p.199).
		The bin tests are planned for inside WIPP, but these could occur anywhere and the department has yet to justify hauling waste and bins underground, contends Keith O. Fultz of the General Accounting Office.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n25_v135/ai_7707631 (438 words)

	The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant:
		This volume discusses the readiness of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) facility near Carlsbad, New Mexico, to serve as a geological repository for transuranic radioactive waste.
		WIPP is located in a Permian-age bedded salt...
		WIPP is located in a Permian-age bedded salt deposit 658 meters below the surface.
	www.nap.edu /catalog/5269.html (400 words)

	Department of Energy - DOE Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Receives EPA Recertification
		This decision indicates that after a thorough evaluation of the physical state and performance of the facility, the WIPP meets EPA regulatory requirements for facilities that dispose of transuranic waste.
		The Carlsbad office submitted its compliance recertification application to EPA on March 26, 2004, exactly five years after the first waste was received at WIPP.
		Through technical and scientific analyses detailed in the application, DOE demonstrated that the WIPP will continue to safely isolate transuranic waste from the human environment for at least 10,000 years.
	www.energy.gov /news/3414.htm (415 words)

	SUBSURFACE DISPOSAL AT THE WASTE ISOLATION PILOT PLANT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		One category of radioactive waste is finally being placed into the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in southeastern New Mexico.
		Subsurface disposal experience abroad, as well as international analogue studies, helped validate permanent isolation in massive salt as a very suitable option for eliminating threats to our health, safety, and the environment.
		Operating the WIPP is therefore the cornerstone in cleaning up our nation’s radioactive waste legacy.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2001SE/finalprogram/abstract_1948.htm (274 words)

	AFSCME Resolution: Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)
		That the waste isolation pilot project medical working group continue its assessment of preparedness at the state and local levels for emergency responses to radioactive waste spills along waste isolation pilot project routes designated by the state highway commission; to include:
		A determination of what training concerning emergency responses to radioactive waste spills is being provided by or available from agencies of the federal government, state agencies or other organizations and an assessment of whether that training meets generally accepted standards for responding to radioactive waste spills;
		That AFSCME members will contact their legislators in the House and Senate demanding that EPA, OSHA, and other national standards be met before radioactive waste is transported to the WIPP and that full emergency response capability is in place.
	www.afscme.org /about/resolute/1992/r30-086.htm (656 words)

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