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Topic: Watchung Mountains

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	New Jersey Estates/Weichert Realtors - Real Estate/New Homes
		Nestled between two ridges of the rocky Watchung Mountains, the Borough of Watchung is bordered by both Morris and Union Counties.
		The name Watchung is derived from an Indian word meaning "on the hill" or "high place", and is believed to have been given to the area by the Lenni-Lenape Indians.
		Today, Watchung is a beautiful community of 5,000 with six square miles of spacious and wooded properties spreading from Watchung Lake in the center of town.
	www.newjerseyestates.net /pages/watchung.htm (349 words)

	Warren Township Historical Society
		As the rain tore at the bonedry mountains, erosion carried unimaginable quantities of silt, sand and clay easterly toward the sea, gradually building up a plane that spread south and east from the mountains, displacing the Atlantic.
		A soft red shale mixed with sandstone, it is the loose sediment worn by the rains and rivers from the shale and sandstone mountains to the west, and then compressed by the forces of nature and time into stone again.
		With the Watchung Mountains along the eastern and southern flanks and the Ramapo Mountains along the northwestern border, Lake Passaic filled the natural basin south of the terminal moraine in the vicinity of Summit and Morristown....
	www.warrennj.org /wths/geology.htm (1281 words)

	SierraActivist.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Officials in Watchung have opposed using 50 acres in the Weldon Quarry for a flood detention basin.
		Addario said one problem with creating the basin in the quarry is that engineers have determined that most of the water that flows down the Watchung Mountain and into the Green Brook and Stony Brook comes from the Watchung Reservation.
		Watchung Mayor Albert Ellis said the plans for the reservation basin include a dam along the Green Brook.
	sierraactivist.org /print.php?sid=44129 (772 words)

	Warren Township Historical Society
		Possibly, Lord Stirling's men realized the difficulty presented by the height of the First and Second Mountains: Beacons built on the top of the mountains, though visible both to the south and north, would have been a logistical nightmare, considering the short time available in which the beacons were to be built.
		There were no roads to the mountain tops, which in any event afforded few level areas, and even if the beacons had been built there, the riders who had to reach the beacons to set them on fire would have had a difficult, time-consuming uphill journey through heavy timber.
		A topographic map of that portion of Mount Bethel Road that lies on Stony Hill, that is, the Second Mountain, shows that the two highest elevations [at 440 ft. above sea level] are near the present location of the Mount Bethel Baptist Church and the Dealaman property, directly across the road from the old firehouse.
	www.warrennj.org /wths/pages/signbeac.htm (1600 words)

	CVO Menu - America's Volcanic Past - New Jersey
		The Palisades, Rocky Hill, Sourland Mountains, and Cushetunk Mountain are underlain by diabase layers.
		The ridges of resistant volcanic rock of the Palisades and the Watchung Mountains display steep escarpments on their eastern flanks and gentle slopes on their western flanks.
		The Watchung Reservation is a nature preserve encompasses 2,000 acres straddling portions of the 1st and 2nd Watchung Mountains to the south and west of the Milburn near Scotch Plains, New Jersey.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /LivingWith/VolcanicPast/Places/volcanic_past_new_jersey.html (3649 words)

	GET NJ - New Jersey - A Guide To Its Present And Past - Geology and Paleontology
		The Appalachian mountain ridge, on the northwestern boundary, resulted from tilted-up layers of hard rock that have withstood erosion while the less durable rocks were gradually worn away to form the Kittatinny Valley.
		The eroded mountains near the sea were pushed bodily northwest, wrinkling the layers of sediment that had filled this ancient trough.
		A long period of erosion followed; the newly formed mountains were slowly worn down, their waste being spread upon an eastern piedmont that lay, in Triassic time, between the new mountains and the relics of the old barrier.
	www.getnj.com /njags/geologyandpaleontology.shtml (2456 words)

	Watchung Mountains on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		WATCHUNG MOUNTAINS [Watchung Mountains] two long low ridges of volcanic origin, from 400 to 500 ft (122-152 m) high, N central N.J. They curve c.40 mi (60 km) between Paterson and Somerville.
		The Watchungs have been the scene of extensive suburban development since the 1970s.
		Timing and magnitude of Broad-winged Hawk Migration at Montclair Hawk lookout, New Jersey, and Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Pennsylvania.(Author Abstract)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/W/Watchung.asp (205 words)

	History of Warren Township (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Called by one early author "the greenest place in New Jersey," Warren Township stretches from the crest of the First Watchung Mountain across Washington Valley to the Second Mountain and beyond, ending at the Dead and Passaic Rivers.
		The Watchung Mountains, whose natural beauty characterizes the township, came into being 125 million years ago when volcanic eruptions to the west covered the area with two thick lava flows that later were tilted upwards 20 degrees.
		Philip Cox may have arrived here as early as 1727, the year he bought 200 acres "betwixt the first and second mountain called the Blue Hills." Until 1743, when the Borders of Somerset County shifted northward, Warren was part of Elizabeth Borough in Essex County.
	www.westfieldnj.com /whs/history/warren.htm (833 words)

	History of WHRHS
		The Watchung Hills Regional school district was formed in 1955 as a bell-wether program for academic excellence.
		The district currently serves Watchung Borough, Green Brook, Warren and Long Hill Townships; communities of business and professional families who commute to nearby research and corporate complexes and the area cities and universities.
		The three ridges of the Watchung Mountains and I-78 span the heavily wooded 32 square mile district, 25 miles Southwest of New York City.
	www.attrition.org /mirror/attrition/2000/06/04/warrior.whrhs.org/htmls/history.html (90 words)

	NYC Regional Geology
		The Watchung Reservation is a nature preserve encompasses 2000 acres straddling portions of the 1st and 2nd Watchung Mountains to the south and west of the Milburn near Scotch Plains, New Jersey (Figure 99).
		The partially restored village of Feltville, a village that centered around a 19th century paper mill and printing operation, is located on the hillside north of the creek, a quarter mile south of where the trail from the museum crosses a bridge over Blue Brook.
		Along the western end of the 1st Watchung ridge the hiking trail follows along a series of ledges formed by the lower flows of the Orange Mountain Basalt.
	3dparks.wr.usgs.gov /nyc/parks/loc43.htm (529 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Notice of Availability for the Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement and General ...
		The Sub-Basin is located between the Watchung Mountains and the Raritan River in Middlesex, Somerset, and Union Counties.
		The Green Brook flows southwest from the slopes of the Watchung Mountains.
		The path of the streams within the sub-basin flow from relatively undeveloped mountains through a broad flat floodplain which is largely suburban and industrialized.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/1997/January/Day-06/pr-17296.html (828 words)

	Gateway to America - Route 23 North (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Watchung Mountains in the north of this region rise about 60 to 90 m (200 to 300 ft) above the general surface level.
		Immediately beyond the New Jersey Highlands is asection of the Appalachian Valley and Ridge region that lies in NW NJ.
		The Kittatinny Mountains, a flat-topped sedimentary ridge containing some of the highest elevations in the statefollow the valley.
	www.rt23.com /Scenery/geography.html (1059 words)

	Buried Valley Aquifer System
		The area is bordered on the north by Hook Mountain (a basaltic lava flow) and by a line which roughlybisects the Town of Montville.
		The boundary to the south and the east is formed by the Second Watchung Mountain range, including portions of Union, Essex and Somerset Counties, New Jersey.
		The basaltic flows of the Watchung Mountains serve as a small source of ground water in the area.
	www.epa.gov /region02/water/aquifer/burval/buryval.htm (4022 words)

	Stress Solutions Spa - Directions
		Pass the Weichert Realtors and bear to the right and turn right onto Mountain Blvd. (Warren) the lake is now on your right and we are in the grey house on the first corner.
		Go under the overpass and turn right and make a another right onto the overpass (go over Rt.22) at the light make a left amd come up the hill pass the Watchung Police and continue to the Watchung Circle.
		(Watchung Ave.) continue up the hill past the police station and follow the directions above.
	www.stresssolutionsspa.com /directions (193 words)

	Watchung NJ, Watchung New Jersey, Route 78
		Set high in the mountains, Watchung runs along Route 78 in the easternmost section of Somerset County.
		Watchung is blessed with a location along the First Watchung Mountain that offers commanding views of the surrounding countryside.
		Downtown Watchung is almost non-existent (a furniture store, some convenience stores, a large park).
	www.pohat.com /gerrykasper/morris/watchung.html (125 words)

	Green Brook Flood Control Project Editorial Westfield NJ 97mar02
		As for the impact on Union County, the plans include construction of a 1,120-foot-long and 41-foot-high detention basin in the Watchung Reservation in Berkeley Heights and Scotch Plains.
		The overall project is in response to the devastating flooding for more than a century, the worst being the one in 1973 which killed six persons and injured 36 while causing $80 million in damages.
		The Watchung Reservation is a treasure for the county which must be preserved for generations to come.
	www.goleader.com /97stories/97mar02editorial.htm (455 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: New Jersey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In 1910 the population was 2,537,167 (1,883,669 in 1900), the state being thus, notwithstanding its large mountainous and forest areas, more densely populated than the most fertile of the prairie states or the great manufacturing States of New York or Pennsylvania.
		The Kittatinny Mountains constitute the highest land in the state, and are clothed with forests; the valley, which is one of the most fertile parts of the state, is devoted to general farming and grazing.
		The Highland belt is the oldest part of the state, and is a portion of the very ancient mountain system of which the Blue Ridge Mountains are a worn-down remnant.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10790a.htm (4866 words)

	Middlebrook Encampment
		Wayne's Brigade, commanded by General Anthony Wayne, from Pennsylvania was camped at the top of the first range of the watchung mountains in an area extending west from the intersection of Vosseller Ave.
		From this mountain, Washington kept an eye on the British in New York and New Brunswick.
		The Main army, consisting of the Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania Brigades, with the Delaware regiment, the artillery Corps, and the artisans and attached support units, were along the base of the Watchung Mountains.
	www.geocities.com /dtmcbride/nyc-nj/mdlbrk.html (1096 words)

	About the Chimney Rock Hawk Watch
		The Watchung Mountains, on which Chimney Rock is located, are made up of three roughly parallel ridges that stretch from northern to central New Jersey.
		They form a "J" shape, begining in the Ramapo Mountains in northern New Jersey, stretching South past Paterson, Montclair, Summit, Watchung, and Martinsville.
		Chimney Rock is located on the southernmost ridge - First Watchung Ridge - at the southernmost point in the Watchungs, where Northeast- and Northwest-trending portions meet.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~magarell/chimney_rock/about_cr.html (241 words)

	Sample Exam Questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The mountains of the Appalachian Plateaus are primarily residual on origin.
		Below is a figure showing the Watchung Mountains and Palisades of the Newark Basin of northern New Jersey.
		The Green Mountains of Vermont (and Berkshires of Massachusetts) consist of highly resistant pre-Cambrian rocks.
	people.morehead-st.edu /fs/s.hartley/geo360/examsamples.htm (1585 words)

	Plan of the Area of Bound Brook, 20 April 1777 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The three wheels at the bridges in the upper left of the plan represent mills on the Millstone River.
		The approaches to Washington's first winter encampment at Morristown, with the barriers in the First Watchung Mountains, are shown at the extreme right of the plan.
		The inscription reads: "Between these two mountains in this valley is a plain one and a half English miles in the breadth, in front of the rest camp of General Washington." To the right a part of the Second Watchung Mountains is shown.
	www.bloomu.edu /library/Archives/Maps/map059.htm (248 words)

	Matters Magazine
		The earliest inhabitants, the Lenape Indians, called the area the "Wach Unks," meaning "high hills." The first and second ridges of what we know today as the Watchung Mountains form the eastern and western boundaries of South Mountain Reservation.
		The two ridges - which, in early times were called variously the Newark Mountains, the Orange Mountains, and First and Second Mountains - stretch across parts of West Orange, Maplewood and Millburn.
		Hemlock and pine were replanted, as were mountain laurel and wild azalea.
	www.maplewoodonline.com /matters/southmountain (1424 words)

	Somerset County Park Commission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This is a relatively short time geologically when you consider that the red shale that underlies our area was laid down as sediment about 185 million years ago during Triassic times.
		The trap ridges, now the Watchung Mountains, boiled out of the earth as molten lava and solidified about 175 million years ago.
		This drainage basin may have had its outlet at Little Falls, and then through the Short Hills gap- As the glacier continued its southern course, it closed the Short Hills gap through the Watchung Mountains.
	www.somersetcountyparks.org /activities/gardens/moggy_hollow.htm (497 words)

	The Somerset County Historical Society of New Jersey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This well-written history focuses attention on the importance of Somerset County, the Watchung Mountains, and Washington's strategy in selecting the Middlebrook location.
		Based on the research undertaken by residents of from Martinsville who were interested in preserving the history of their village for future scholars.
		The volume traces the earliest history of the land between the first two Watchung Mountains, through the Revolutionary War to the recent past.
	home.earthlink.net /~schs/libraryPublications.htm (504 words)

	Westfield, NJ * Westfield Historical Society * "The West Fields"
		The triangle west of the Rahway River and southeast of the Watchung Mountains was hardwood forest in its native state.
		It is here that the northeast-to-southwest property-line orientation of the Associates (parallel to the Watchung Mountains) meets up with (and hence must be reconciled with) the north-to-south orientation of the East Jersey Proprietors.
		The sector of the city where the Proprietary survey has prevailed is bounded by the Middlesex County line on the south and Woodland Ave.
	www.westfieldnj.com /whs/history/Counties/UnionCounty/westfield2.htm (885 words)

	NJ Monthly
		At an old red farmhouse I turn again, onto a road that is barely one SUV width, into Free Acres, regarded at its founding nearly a century ago as one of New Jersey’s so-called utopian communities.
		Berkeley Heights and Watchung, the municipalities in which Free Acres lies, each issue a tax bill for all the Free Acres properties that fall within their respective jurisdictions.
		Since leaseholders were taxed only according to their amount of land, someone with a tent—or a teepee—on a substantial piece of land might be subsidizing someone with a four-bedroom house on a quarter-acre lot.
	www.njmonthly.com /issues/oct05/utopia.html (2336 words)

	Westfield History
		The British supply sloop Blue Mountain Valley, its cargo of coal, potatoes, hogs, porter and horsebeans destined for the King's troops in Boston, lay unguarded off Sandy Hook the night of January 22-23, 1776.
		In May, 1777, Washington moved his army down from Morristown and encamped in the Watchung Mountains at Middlebrook.
		From this position Howe might possibly have outflaked Washington's right by circling westward around the First Watchung Mountain, but - pressured by militia attacks on his supply lines - he elected not to move so far from his base in New Brunswick.
	www.bobdevlin.com /westhis3.html (1721 words)

	Trail results for
		As the glacier receded 15,000 years ago, the lake drained slowly through the Watchung Mountains via the Passaic River at Paterson.
		Early or late in the day, during any season, the climb to the barren, 879- foot summit of High Mountain is worth the effort for the panoramic view— New York City’s skyline, the graceful lines of the G...
		Try this hike in spring when the buds are bursting open or on a hot summer’s day in almost total shade under a natural canopy of trees.
	www.trails.com /AdvancedFind.asp?GeoSearch=1&Lat=40.770183&lon=-74.27495&Distance=25&Activities=HK,WK&OrderBy=Distance (940 words)

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