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Topic: Water fluoridation

	Fluorides - Water Fluoridation
		Community water fluoridation helps prevent tooth decay by adjusting the fluoride in the water supply to an optimal level.
		All drinking water supplies contain some fluoride naturally, however, to prevent tooth decay, it is important to maintain an adequate level of fluoride.
		Fluoridation is the least expensive and most effective way to reduce tooth decay.
	www.dhss.mo.gov /oralhealth/waterfluoridation.html (102 words)

	Water Fluoridation - The Facts
		Fluoride increases the resistance of the enamel of the teeth to attack by acid.
		Water fluoridation is the process of adjusting the amount of fluoride that is present naturally in a community’s water to the best level for protection against tooth decay.
		Fluoride toothpaste is used all over the world, but for the poor, the relatively high cost means it is difficult to afford, and so it is not used.
	www.doh.gov.za /department/fluoridation.html (2488 words)

	Water fluoridation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Water fluoridation is the practice of adding fluoride compounds to water with the intended purpose of reducing tooth decay in the general population.
		Water fluoridation has provoked controversy, though opponents of fluoridation have not assembled as a majority in the scientific community.
		Advocates of water fluoridation say that fluoridation is similar to fortifying salt with iodine, milk with vitamin D and orange juice with vitamin C and say it is an effective way to prevent tooth decay.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Water_fluoridation (2360 words)

	The Absurdities of Water Fluoridation
		Water fluoridation is artificially cheap because, unknown to most people, the fluoridating agent is an unpurified hazardous waste product from the phosphate fertilizer industry.
		The proponents of water fluoridation refuse to defend this practice in open debate because they know that they would lose that debate.
		So while fluoridation is neither effective nor safe, it continues to provide a convenient cover for many of the interests which stand to profit from the public being misinformed about fluoride.
	www.fluoridealert.org /absurdity.htm (2311 words)

	BDJ \| History of Water Fluoridation
		The introduction of fluoridated toothpaste in the early 1970s has provided a very important source of fluoride and this is thought to have been a major contributor to the fall in decay rates experienced in OECD countries in the past decades.
		The effectiveness during school years is almost as good as water fluoridation but the effect is a temporary one; once children leave the rinsing scheme, their decay rates tend to approximate to the general non-fluoridated population.
		Fluoridation has been shown to be remarkably safe and effective means of reducing risk of the commonest disease in the western world.
	www.nature.com /bdj/journal/v199/n7s/full/4812863a.html (3779 words)

	Why Fluoridation Is Important
		Fluoridation is the adjustment of the natural fluoride concentration to about one part of fluoride to one million parts of water.
		Calling fluoride a "chemical" (rather than a nutrient) can strike fear in the minds of many Americans who fear we are already too "chemicalized." The fact that water itself is a chemical and the fact that responsible use of chemicals is extremely helpful to our society will not reassure everyone.
		Fluoride is also called "artificial" and "a pollutant," which is "against nature." Faced with the fact that fluoridation merely copies a natural phenomenon, the antis reply that "natural" fluoride differs from "artificial" fluoride -- a "fact" as yet undiscovered by scientists.
	www.quackwatch.org /03HealthPromotion/fluoride.html (2344 words)

	Fluoridation
		Fluoride in drinking water -- long controversial in the United States when it is deliberately added to strengthen teeth -- can damage bones and teeth, and federal standards fail to guard against this, the National Academy of Sciences reported on Wednesday.
		Fluoride supporters countered that the procedure is a safe and effective way to promote dental health, and that without fluoridated water the rate of tooth decay among children would increase.
		But for most children, the level of fluoride in the water supply is unlikely to make them susceptible to fluorosis, the study's lead author emphasized.
	www.waterwebster.com /Fluoridation.htm (904 words)

	Fluoridation - Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		CDC maintains a national reporting system for water systems, provides fluoridation training, collaborates with state and tribal partners to increase their capacity to provide fluoridated water to communities, and communicates information about the benefits, safety, and cost-effectiveness of water fluoridation.
		In making recommendations on community water fluoridation, the CDC and the U.S. Public Health Service are always guided by one overriding goal and interest—all our recommendations are designed to protect the health and well-being of the public.
		CDC continues to strongly support community water fluoridation as a safe and effective public health measure to prevent and control tooth decay and to improve overall health.
	www.cdc.gov /OralHealth/waterfluoridation/index.htm (513 words)

	Water Fluoridation – Therapy or Fallacy?
		H. Trendley Dean,7 who conducted the original studies of naturally fluoridated teeth in the 1930s, had observed that at concentrations of fluoride in the water around 1 ppm, approximately 10% of the population had mottled teeth, now recognised as dental fluorosis, and that at higher concentrations the prevalence of dental fluorosis rose rapidly.
		Nature in her wisdom, locked up most of the fluoride present in the Earth’s crust in the form of complex fluoride ores, buried deep within the crust, but man has mined these ores and released the fluoride freely into the environment, where it is continually accumulating.
		Fluoride either inhibits enzymes by distorting their molecular structure, as in the case of cytochrome C peroxidase,19 or by combining with their essential trace-element co-factors.
	www.positivehealth.com /permit/Articles/Dentist/gibsn24.htm (3009 words)

	Fluoridation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		When fluoride is present in drinking water at prescribed levels, it has been shown to promote oral health by preventing tooth decay.
		Water fluoridation is the addition of small amounts of fluoride to a water supply to achieve a fluoride level that helps prevent tooth decay.
		Public water systems must also monitor the fluoride levels in their drinking water on a daily basis to ensure that fluoride levels remain within the prescribed control range.
	www.dhs.ca.gov /ps/ddwem/Fluoridation/default.htm (475 words)

	Fluoridation in Queensland - fluoride, water fluoridation, fluoridation issues
		Fluoridated water benefits people of all ages because it immediately acts to strengthen the outer surface of teeth – making teeth stronger and more resistant to decay.
		Although there are isolated and minority objections to water fluoridation, there is no medically or scientifically valid evidence to show any adverse health effects from optimal water fluoridation.
		The optimal level of water fluoridation in Queensland is 0.6-0.7 parts per million fluoride which is added to community water supplies based on a strictly applied and regulated code of practice.
	www.fluoridationqld.com (737 words)

	Fluoride: Protected Pollutant or Panacea?
		Fluoridation proponents often assert that there is no legitimate scientific controversy over the benefits or safety of this measure.
		Fluoride ingestion in our children is clearly out of control given the sky-rocketing rise in dental fluorosis rates in fluoridated communities.
		Abstracts \| Calgary \| Environmental Fluoride \| Censorship \| Fluoride Intake \| In Memorium \|
	www.fluoridation.com (500 words)

	Water fluoridation controversy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Community water fluoridation is the process of artificially adjusting fluoride levels in drinking water supplies with the intention of improving oral health.
		Community water fluoridation owes its origin in part to the research of Dr. Frederick McKay, who pressed the dental community for an investigation into the "Colorado stain," which is now known as dental fluorosis.
		Fluoride's potential to impair thyroid function is most clearly illustrated by the fact that -- up until the 1970s -- European doctors used fluoride as a thyroid-suppressing medication for patients with hyperthyroidism (over-active thyroid).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Water_fluoridation_controversy (5687 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		When water fluoridation first began it was believed that fluoride had to be ingested for it to be effective.
		The fluoride that we ingest from the water supply and from a number of other sources such as toothpaste, mouthwashes, processed food, some vitamin tablets, and beverages like fruit juice, soda and tea is associated with a number of negative health effects.
		Testing for tap water contaminants that can harm you and your family is one of the most crucial health steps you should take now, but knowing how and where to find a truly reliable source for that is not always easy.
	www.mercola.com /2003/sep/10/water_fluoridation.htm (1241 words)

	Scientists, Doctors and Researchers warn of fluoridated water dangers
		Since fluoride is already in many foods and beverages, an estimated total intake of existing fluoride amounts is imperative.
		In summary, the scientists "emphatically" recommended the water supply "not be fluoridated." Their analysis also concluded a host of other medical problems may ensue from artificially fluoridating the water.
		Judge Flaherty issued an injunction against fluoridation in the case, but the injunction was overturned on jurisdictional grounds but his findings of fact were not disturbed by appellate action.
	www.nofluoride.com (2671 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		For over 50 years U.S. government officials have confidently and enthusiastically claimed that fluoridation is "safe and effective." However, they are seldom prepared to defend the practice in open public debate.
		So while fluoridation is neither effective nor safe, it continues to provide a convenient cover for many of the interests that stand to profit from the public being misinformed about fluoride.
		Most of the key studies are available on the Internet (http://www.slweb.org/bibliography.html) and there are videotaped interviews with many of the scientists and protagonists whose work has been so important to a modern re-evaluation of this issue (see Videos at http://www.fluoridealert.org).
	www.mercola.com /2002/dec/18/water_fluoridation.htm (2512 words)

	Water Fluoridation in Pennsylvania
		Fluoride exposure has been linked to many health problems, including hip fractures, neurological damage, ADD/ADHD, lead poisoning, Alzheimer's Disease, birth defects, skeletal fluorosis, dental fluorosis, early onset of puberty, immune system suppression, bone cancer and other rare forms of cancer.
		The courts have called the state's fluoridation policy "arbitrary" but they allow it to continue, forcing communities like Lebanon, PA to continue fluoridation even when they want to stop (after having a tank of fluoride split and pollute their community).
		We are opposed to any mandatory fluoridation bill in Pennsylvania and we oppose any further movement to fluoridate the drinking water of communities in the state.
	www.actionpa.org /fluoride (851 words)

	Community Water Fluoridation Program Home Page
		Community water fluoridation is the process of adjusting the naturally occurring fluoride level to the optimum level for preventing tooth decay.
		Community water fluoridation has the endorsement of every major health organization in the United States and many other countries, as well as every Surgeon General for the past 50 years.
		The concentration of fluoride in community drinking water is controlled within plus or minus 0.1 parts per million and represents no health hazards.
	www.dhs.ca.gov /ps/cdic/cdcb/Medicine/OralHealth/Fluoride (197 words)

	Fluoride, Fluoridation, Drinking water safety and Oral Health (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Abstract: Natick resident Shirley Brown, a longtime opponent of the town's plan to fluoridate the water supply, has said that she is prepared to organize a boycott of town water bills if those plans go into effect before the Fluoride Committee completes its research.
		Ethics of fluoridation Case studies which attack the safety, ethics, and efficacy of drinking water fluoridation.
		Their analysis confirmed that fluoridation reduces tooth decay by about 15 percent, but found that it was also linked to dental fluorosis, or mottled teeth, about 48 percent of the time.
	members.aol.com /Kaltofen/aolF.html (2533 words)

	SCDHEC: Division of Oral Health: Water Fluoridation
		Fluoridation costs an average resident about 51 cents a year.
		For every dollar spent on fluoridation, $50 is saved in future dental costs.
		This program provides grants to local public water systems to assist them in implementing drinking water fluoridation.
	www.scdhec.gov /health/mch/oral/fluoridation.htm (104 words)

	ADA.org: Media Press Kits: Fluoride & Fluoridation
		At 1ppm, one part of fluoride is diluted in a million parts of water.
		The average cost for a community to fluoridate its water is estimated to range from approximately $0.50 a year per person in large communities to approximately $3.00 a year per person in small communities.
		As part of the 60th Anniversary celebration of community water fluoridation, the ADA in conjunction with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), hosted a national fluoridation symposium in Chicago on July 13–16, 2005.
	www.ada.org /public/media/presskits/fluoridation (513 words)

	Healthy Teeth for a Lifetime
		By 2004, Oregon had dropped to “48,” with only 20% of the population having access to fluoridated water.
		Portland is the largest city in the U.S. that has not yet mandated fluoridation of its water supply according to National Centers for Fluoridation Policy and Research Fluoridation status of the 50 largest cities in the U.S.
		Water Fluoridation benefits people of all ages, regardless of socio-economic status.
	www.healthyteeth.us /index.html (168 words)

	Sussex Against water Fluoridation.
		Fluorides are acumulative poisons, the effects only start to show over a period of time.
		Therefore their use in the public water supply with the intent to medicate is illegal.
		Huge quantities of this virulent poison are added to the public water supply every year and no safety assessment has ever been carried out.
	geocities.com /keepwatersafe (799 words)

	StopFluoridation
		The committee that wrote the report concluded that children exposed to the current maximum allowable concentration (4 parts per million or 4 ppm) risk developing severe tooth enamel fluorosis, a condition characterized by discoloration, enamel loss, and pitting of the teeth.
		A majority of the committee also concluded that people who consume water containing that much fluoride over a lifetime are likely at increased risk for bone fractures.
		People are consuming fluoride from sources other than water on a daily basis.
	www.stopfluoridation.homestead.com (832 words)

	ADA.org: A-Z Topics: Fluoride & Fluoridation
		Fluoride and Fluoridation contains resources that provide important facts and answer a myriad of questions.
		Fluoridation Facts includes information from scientific research in an easy to use question and answer format on the topics of effectiveness, safety, practice and cost-effectiveness of fluoridation.
		Fluoridation OK'd at the polls (Sept. 20, 2004)
	www.ada.org /public/topics/fluoride/index.asp (960 words)

	Water Fluoridation
		Fluoridation: A Violation of Medical Ethics and Human Rights - (pdf file) - Dr.
		Fluoride, Teeth and the Atomic Bomb Chris Bryson and Joel Griffiths, Waste Not, November 1997
		Silicofluorides Should Not Be Added to Municipal Water Without Safety Testing Adequate to Protect Children and Other Vulnerable Populations Resolution Submitted to American Public Health Association by Myron Coplan, P.E. and Dr. Robert Carton, Ph.D. 5) The 'Fluoride Glut': Increasing Exposure to Fluoride from Food and Non Food Sources (back to top)
	www.fluoridealert.org /fluoridation.htm (666 words)

	FLUORIDE "It's POLLUTION , Stupid! "
		When local activists revealed that the product used to fluoridate is, in reality, captured pollution from the production of phosphate fertilizer, Thomas Reeves, the US National Fluoridation Engineer, remained silent on the issue, refusing to answer any questions about the origin of the fluoridation agent.
		National Sanitation Foundation International, which "certifies" the fluoridating agent, stated in correspondence to Florida Department of Health administrator, Pepe Mendez, that because of the EPA’s proposed new guidelines for Arsenic levels in drinking water, there might be "more product failures" due to inherent arsenic in the fluorosilicic acid.
		While heated arguments continue about the fluoridation of drinking water, the revelations about the product used in fluoridation schemes are causing much consternation among the proponents.
	www.wholly-water.com /fluoridation.contamination.htm (2218 words)

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