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Water Injection - A technical description Water injection is not to be confused with water spraying on the intercooler's surface, water spraying is much less efficient and far less sophisticated. To avoid damaging the engine by detonation or pre-ignition phenomena, water is injected, along with fuel, in the combustion chambers in order to provide a water/air/fuel mixture which not only burns more efficiently and avoids detonation or pre-ignition but also provides additional inlet air cooling and, hence, denser air. Usually a water injection system is engaged when the inlet air temperature is exceeding a certain value, typically 40 degrees Celsius, and the engine is on boost. www.rallycars.com /Cars/WaterInjection.html   (684 words)

Water injection (engines) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Water injection is a method for cooling the combustion chambers of engines by adding water to the incoming fuel-air mixture, allowing for greater compression ratios and largely eliminating the problem of engine knocking. Many water injection systems use a mixture of water and alcohol (usually 50/50), partly because the alcohol is combustible, while water is not; in addition, the alcohol serves as an antifreeze for the water. Water injection is primarily used with piston-powered internal combustion engines, but it has also seen use with turbines. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Water_injection_(engines)   (446 words)

Water injection apparatus for internal combustion engines - Patent 4800848 A fluid injection system according to claim 4, including adjustment means associated with the junction to simultaneously adjust both the air and fluid flows entering the junction to maintain the air fluid proportions and increase the quantity of the atomized mixture delivered to the intake manifold. A fluid injection system according to claim 6, wherein the first port includes adjustment means to adjust the composition of the atomized mixture by adjusting the amount of predetermined flow of air entering the valve. A fluid injection system according to claim 1, wherein the second port includes adjustment means to adjust the composition of the atomized mixture by adjusting the amount of predetermined flow of fluid entering the system. www.freepatentsonline.com /4800848.html   (3532 words)

Water/   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) Water injection decreases the possibility of detonation by lowering the combustion chamber temperatures and increasing the effective "octane" of the fuel. Water injection also has the effect of "steam cleaning" the combustion chambers and exhaust valves. Is water injection new?: No. Water injection was used during WWII to surpress detonation in fighter aircraft and increase their service ceiling. www.dawesdevices.com /water.html   (1153 words)

Joe's Water Injection Systems The water reduces detonation by lowering the charge air temperature (temp of the air going into the engine) by having it phase change from a liquid to a gas before it reaches the combustion chamber. Water has a very high latent heat of evaporation - that is, it takes a large about of energy (heat) to change water from a liquid to a gas. Water injection can benefit NA engines, but not to the extent that it can forced induction engines. water.lovehorsepower.com /FAQ.htm   (1789 words)

Better Boating through Environmental Engines Duckies swimming in the tank with a new 4-stroke engine came out looking like the one on the left, while those sentenced to swim with the conventional 2-stroke engine, like the ducky on the right, came out the worse for wear. The reason is that both the intake and exhaust ports of the engine are open at the same time, allowing the fuel to pass directly through. Although DFI engines are good, 4-strokes are the cleanest outboard engines currently available up to 250 horsepower. www.mass.gov /czm/boatenginescoop.htm   (403 words)

Airliners.net forum: Water Injection "Water" injection is one of the causes of the smoke, but it is also an indication of the efficency (inefficiency) of the combustion process generally. A better indication is the fine water mist that appears under the belly approximatly in line with the engine intake and is the exhaust from the turbine water pump. The water is injected into the combustion chamber from two nozzles on each burner head and has the effect of increasing the air density and so thrust. www.airliners.net /discussions/tech_ops/print.main?id=30495   (1322 words)

BOOST COOLER Water, with its high latent heat of vaporization cools the intake charge and combustion. Water injection was evaluated scientifically in the 1930’s by H. Ricardo who demonstrated that one can basically double the power output of an engine using water/methanol. Injection is controlled by the same means that controls NOS injection. wwrturboinjection.com /html/boost_cooler.html   (1301 words)

Water injection (Ken Mosher; Dan Malek; Greg Granville; Millam Tackitt; John De Armond) The simplest arrangement is to simply pressurize the water container with boost pressure and pipe the water to the intake upstream of the compressor. He picked the VW water bottle because in the Bug the air from the spare tire is used to pressurize the water bottle in order to squirt water on the windshield without the use of a pump. Water is injected into the intake before the turbo and is metered with a Holly carb jet. yarchive.net /car/water_injection.html   (4838 words)

Homemade Water Injection Water injection works to increase the effective octane rating of the mixture entering the cylinders. The tank was pressurized by boost which forced water through the pickup, through a vacuum line, and through a homemade.040in brass jet and into the mouth of the turbo. This was important since water was injecting AFTER the turbo and needed to be able to overcome the boost pressure in the manifold where the nozzle was mounted. www.key-ideas.com /2ndWaterInjection.htm   (2157 words)

Water Injection   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) Water injection is still used today on some aircraft and high-performance automotive engines for the same purpose. Water injection is used to a lesser extent on normally aspirated engines to control detonation in hot weather, under heavy loads (such as towing or drag racing), and when high compression and/or advanced spark timing are used. When water injection is used on a modern engine, since the pinging doesn't occur, the ping sensor doesn't signal the computer, and the computer keeps the full spark advance applied, running the engine at peak power. blizzard.rwic.und.edu /~nordlie/water_injection/background.html   (661 words)

Kennedys Dyno Tune- Custom Water Injection Water injection reduces the air temperature in the intake manifold by 65 degrees on the average. Water has a high "latent heat of vaporization" which is the amount of heat absorbed when a substance changes from liquid to vapor (liquid water to steam). Engine damage may result, and even if it does not the maximum gain from water will not be realized. www.kennedysdynotune.com /waterinjected.htm   (1288 words)

Water Injection By Robert Mann It is feasible to feed a warmed-up motor as much water as fuel, but most of the benefit is gained at water:fuel ratios as low as 1:20, which is convenient in that a water bottle of 2 or 3l is filled when taking on about 40l of petrol. Mechanical engineers in the universities of NSW and Auckland have conducted research on water-injection, the latter unfortunately allowing students to pursue arcane side-tracks such as turbocharged CNG. Water injection allows fixed timing nearer the CNG optimum (around 30 degrees ahead of standard petrol timing) without provoking pinking when switched back to petrol. website.lineone.net /~da.cushman/misc/mannject.html   (2952 words)

DPS Water Water injection in engines has been around for a while. By injection water into the intake, temperatures are dramatically reduced. Water injection can produce a 300+ deg EGT drop, while giving you a good power increase as well. www.dps-performance.com /h2o_system.html   (426 words)

RotorSports water injection Aquamist Water, with its high latent heat content, is extremely effective for controlling not only the onset of detonation but also the production of oxides of nitrogen in the modern leanburn engines. Water exists mainly in a liquid state because that is its most stable inter-molecular structure. When the water changes from the liquid to gas state, large amount of heat energy is consumed in sustaining the process. www.rotorsportsracing.com /performancetuning/water_injection.htm   (808 words)

Water Injection Previous to the water injection, 11.8:1 was deemed the best compromise for power/safety- so there was a measurable change in AF requirement to obtain the highest output/safety margin for that day. Water injection is relatively easy to install, and calibrate; while inexpensive to maintain. Running the car without the water injection at 1 Kg/cm² boost, 72°F ambient- as boost surpassed ~0.8 Kg/cm², the car lurched [albeit gently], and speed increase from there was not nearly as crisp as it had been with water injection operational. oldschool.supracentral.com /htm/h2o.htm   (3828 words)

RSR Water Injection Calculator Water Injection is most efficient with a 50/50 water alcohol mixture. Water or Water / Alcohol to Fuel Ratios are between 12.5% to 25%. Water injection as well as charge cooling should be used with racing gas. www.rbracing-rsr.com /waterinjection.html   (2751 words)

Water Soluble Hydrocarbon Emissions From Marine Engines Proposed is research to quantify and quantify oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbons entering water from engines of marine recreational and light commercial craft and also to examine the benefits of biodiesel as a new fuel for compression ignition marine engines from a toxicity perspective. Marine engines have escaped the long standing emissions regulations that have been imposed upon automobiles and trucks, and recent marine emissions regulations have clearly been motivated by concerns over atmospheric pollution. This data is essential for inventory of marine pollutants and is likely to be considered by marine engine manufacturers in their future engine control strategies and by fuel suppliers in their fuel formulation. water.usgs.gov /wrri/96grants/ner5wv.htm   (418 words)

Early Aircraft Engines The most advanced aircraft engine early in the century was the 50-horsepower (37-kilowatt) engine designed by Charles Manley for use on Samuel Langley's aerodromes. The engine designed and built by Charlie Taylor and the Wright brothers for their Flyer, although much lower powered, had a greater place in history because it propelled the first successful powered flight in 1903. Wright's engine had four inline cylinders, was water-cooled, generated 12 horsepower (9 kilowatts) (as compared to Manley's 50 horsepower), and had weighed about 179 pounds (81 kilograms) without the fuel. www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Aerospace/earlyengines/Aero4.htm   (1550 words)

Engine & fuel engineering - Water Injection for NA Engines, any benefit? Water injection is not going to reduce induction temperatures, assuming the water temperature is at ambient. Water Injection was "popular" in the '70's when engine knock was a big problem because of low octane gasoline combined with lean factory mixture settings. Adding methanol to the water supply, as was done for the 1962 Oldsmobile turbo jetfire, is to prevent the supply tank from freezing in the winter, and doesn't really change or improves the effectiveness since the latent heat of vaporization for methanol is less than that of water. www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=116462&page=1   (3784 words)

Honda Motorcycle - Water Injection Water injection is normally used on turbocharged vehicles to cool the incoming air, which has been heated by the turbocharger. Water injection systems cool the air by up to 90F, thus making the air more dense, and decreasing "knock" characterized by preignition. However, water injection combined with a higher compression ratio and advanced timing greatly improves gas mileage and fuel efficiency. www.hondabikes.net /forum/archive/water-injection-4378.htm   (604 words)

Chevrolet Corvette | does anybody remember the water injection thing - DigitalCorvettes.com More air into the engine means automatically more fuel has to be injected in order to maintain the appropriate stoechiometric value of the air/fuel ratio (around 14:1). The sole function of water injection is avoiding detonation by lowering air charge and cylinder temperatures, so the ECU can advance timing and take advantage of the increased boost. Water injection as well as charge cooling (intercooler) should be used with racing gas when used for competition. www.digitalcorvettes.com /forums/showthread.php?t=47493   (1632 words)

Team ZR-1 Water/Meth Injection Install The amount depends on the onset RPM of injection, the octane of the gasoline, fuel/air ratio, cylinder head type, even the weather conditions. Your engine is actually pretty tolerant of extra water vapor, you will know it's too much when the engine misses and loses power. Engines that have been torn down after two years of water/methanol usage have shown no wear issues only clean combustion chambers. teamzr1.com /winstall.html   (1697 words)

Homemade Water Injection Page It's often said that water injection will allow your car on a hot day to run as well as it does on a very cold day. Rule of thumb: You want your water injection to be putting in about 10% to 15% of the amount of fuel injected. As seen on the left, I got a water hammer (the copper cylinder) to minimize pressure fluctuations and keep the switch in the pump from switching as often. users.frii.com /maphill/wi.html   (1437 words)

AquaTune.com - Overview: AquaTune Water Injection Systems This is a finely tuned water injection system unlike any other, giving atomization of water and air before going into the engine where it is further atomized, here in turn it collides with the fuel molecules making a highly explosive mixture and expanding the fuel. Also, the water injection was used on the P-38 fighter planes during WW II and at their high altitudes gave the engine a whopping 68% more horse power. AquaTune is a highly precise injection system consisting of air injection, water injection and an ultra-sonic barometric pressure chamber giving off ultra-sonic frequencies which in turn are splitting the hydrogen from the oxygen creating hydrogen-rich bubbles and hydrogen gases. www.aquatune.com /overview.html   (783 words)

Chapter 5 - Additional Information for Selected VOCs Chlorination of water and wastewater produces an estimated 0.37 million gallons of chloroform in the United States annually,(64) which includes the treatment of drinking water, wastewater from municipalities and the bleaching process of pulp and paper, and rinse water from domestic and commercial cleaning and laundry operations. Chloroform has been detected in urban air(73) and in rainwater.(74) In studies of chloroform occurrence in shallow ground water in Indiana(75) and New Jersey,(76) however, the concentrations of chloroform in the atmosphere and rainwater were not high enough to account for all the mass of chloro-form measured in shallow ground water. In statistical analyses reported previously,(113) the probability of detecting MTBE in ground water was greater in areas with high population density, in areas where MTBE is used as an oxygenate in gasoline, and in areas with high ground-water recharge, compared to other areas of the Nation. water.usgs.gov /nawqa/vocs/national_assessment/report/chapter5.html   (3411 words)

The Water Cure recipe drinking water, chlorine, minerals It is associated with constipation because the large intestine constricts to squeeze the last drop of water from the excrements - thus the lack of water lubrication. Hypertension is a state of adaptation of the body to a generalized drought, when there is not enough water to fill all the blood vessels that diffuse water into vital cells. To have adequate water in circulation and for the brain's priority water needs, the release of insulin is inhibited to prevent insulin from pushing water into all body cells. www.curezone.com /foods/watercure.asp   (2109 words)

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