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Topic: Water injection (oil production)

	Water injection (oil production) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The water injection method used in oil production is where water is injected back into the reservoir usually to increase pressure and thereby stimulate production.
		Normally only 30% of the oil in a reservoir can be extracted, but water injection increases that percentage (known as the recovery factor) and maintains the production rate of a reservoir over a longer period of time.
		As the volumes of water being produced are not sufficient to replace all the production volumes (oil and gas), make-up water must be used to ensure that all the reservoir voidage is replaced.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Water_injection_(oil_production) (605 words)

	TPAO Production Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Oil production from Batman, Adıyaman and Thrace Regions was 57%, 42% and 1%, respectively.
		Production well number in total was up to 708 as of the end of 2003 from 693 in the early 2003 with the addition of 3 new and 16 re-completed wells and abandonment of 4 wells.
		To conserve water injection capacity of the water injection wells, which is a very critical item in oil production process, the necessary operations were applied regularly during the year.
	www.tpao.gov.tr /rprte2/PROD.HTM (1409 words)

	Water injection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Water injection (oil production), for increasing the amount of petroleum extracted from oil wells
		Water injection (engines), for increasing efficiency or power of internal combustion engines.
		This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Water_Injection (99 words)

	Case Studies - PTTC Rockies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Production decline since April 1996, is mostly the result of water breakthrough at the SU 21-16-9 well.
		Figure 9 is a plot of Unit production less that allocated to the SU 21-16-9 well as a function of cumulative oil (minus that attributed to the SU 21-16-9).
		Figure 10 is a plot of Unit production less that allocated to the SU 21-16-9 well as a function of total water injection.
	www.mines.edu /research/PTTC/casestudies/polymer/production.html (462 words)

	Fields in production (Field Information) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Oil production from the field is based on extending the use of water injection to the whole field.
		Water injection was initiated in 1989, and later high-rate water injection was introduced in large sections of the field.
		Water injection was initiated in the reservoir in 1986.
	www.scandoil.com /moxie_field/denmark/fields/index.shtml (1228 words)

	JPT (May 2004): Characterization of Water Injection in Low-Permeability Rock Using Sandstone Micromodels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Oil recovery was proportional to the permeability of the model, suggesting that pore conductivity is key to water-injection efficiency.
		The dominant irreducible water is that in pores not invaded by oil.
		The increase in water saturation induced by water injection was approximately 12%.
	www.spe.org /spe/jpt/jsp/jptpapersynopsis/0,2439,1104_11038_2431164_2434984,00.html (1550 words)

	OilOnline - The Original Online Source for the Oil Industry
		Water is injected into a reservoir via water injection wells to maintain reservoir pressure and hence maintain or boost oil production levels.
		The maximum amount of water that may be injected is limited by the capacity of water injection pump(s), the capacity of the injection tubing and the reservoir characteristics.
		The effect of treating flood water with drag reducing agents is to increase the viscosity of the water and thus reduce the effective water mobility ratio to a value lower than the oil mobility ratio.
	www.oilonline.com /news/features/oe/20040101.Optimisi.13273.asp (1996 words)

	Titan Oil Recovery, Inc. - Frequently Asked Questions
		Oil production increased, water injection pressures went up and the overall field decline was halted.
		As this newly "attached" oil, water and microbe combination moves through the high-permeability areas of the reservoir, the more rapid movement agitates the combination and an emulsion is formed, blocking thief zones and increasing oil recovery.
		Because the oil is coated with the microbes, it is the microbe surface, which increases the surface area and allows for increased water contact and traction.
	www.titanoilrecovery.com /faqs.html (1838 words)

	AnaLog's Injection Well Notes
		Water injection, or waterflooding, is the oldest enhanced recovery method.
		While this was disastrous to future oil production from the affected well, it was noticed that oil production rates increased in nearby wells.
		Water injection for enhanced recovery was slow to expand outside Western Pennsylvania, in part because the practice was rendered illegal in many jurisdictions by early oil conservation laws.
	www.logwell.com /tech/uic2/injection_notes.html (790 words)

	Automobile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the United States, alcohol fuel was produced in corn-alcohol stills until Prohibition criminalized the production of alcohol in 1919.
		In fact much if not most of the Third World car production is used western technology and car models (and sometimes even complete obsolete western factories shipped to the country), which is reflected in the patent statistic as well as the locations of the randd centers.
		The biggest obstacle for a mass market of hydrogen cars is the cost of hydrogen production by electrolysis, which is inefficient and requires a comparatively expensive source of electrical energy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Automobile (3586 words)

	Olive oil
		Vertical centrifugation may be in three phases (as it is shown in the diagram) obtaining oil, pomace and vegetable waters or in two phases (in this case there is no water injection or little water) obtaining oil an a plastic paste.
		The main disadvantages of this process are the huge amount of water needed and therefore the production of vegetable waters with the resulting pollution.
		In this case the by-product is a plastic paste which has the advantage of avoiding the production of vegetable waters.
	r0.unctad.org /infocomm/anglais/olive/technology.htm (428 words)

	Oil & Gas Production - Bacteria Control - Case Histories
		Several waterflood injection wells in the Upper and Main Devonian formations were experiencing low injection rates and high wellhead pressures.
		The decreased waterflood capability was resulting in a net decline in oil production.
		The initial injection was 900 bpd at 75 psig; the injectivity stabilized with 460 bpd injected at 1900 psig.
	www.bakerhughes.com /bakerpetrolite/oilgas/biocides/ch_injection.htm (310 words)

	February 9, 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Based on a report by the Petroleum Consultant, an alternate method was recommended to increase oil production through the implementation of a waterflood program.
		The cleaning of the above four wells indicates the additional oil in the sand layers needs to be pressurized in order to increase oil production.
		Waterflooding involves the pressurized injection of water (usually salt water) into the oil-producing layers.
	www.city.newport-beach.ca.us /CouncilAgendas/2000/i08-2214.htm (831 words)

	Bloomberg.com: News & Commentary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Without water injection, it will be harder for Iraq to reach its goal of getting national production to 2.8 million barrels a day by early April from the current level of 2.3 million to 2.5 million barrels a day -- still less than the country was producing before the U.S. invasion.
		Water from Garmat Ali, named after a nearby channel that flows into the murky waters of the Shatt al-Arab river, is piped almost 20 miles (32 kilometers) to the middle of the Rumaila oil field.
		The water is used to push oil in the reservoir against an impermeable layer of rock, keeping up the pressure at the wells.
	quote.bloomberg.com /apps/news?pid=nifea&&sid=aA56wO9m29r4 (1504 words)

	Solutions From the Field - Advanced Technologies for Managing Produced Water (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Water production, a common factor in most wells, can make or break a project’s performance— by reducing the flow rate or ultimate recovery, or by raising costs.
		Dual-completion water sinks, which individually produce the oil and water legs, reduce differential pressure, and reduce coning in dual-action pumping systems, lowering treating costs as they separate the oil from the water downhole, and then re-inject it.
		Dual-completion water sinks are perforated in both the oil and water legs of a formation, which produce simultaneously with rates controlling pressure differentials/ coning.
	www.pttc.org /solutions/2.htm (1088 words)

	Economic Research and Analysis Division, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Oil Production Bulletin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Oil production totalled 111.3 million barrels in 2005, down 3.1% compared to 2004.
		Production in 2005 was negatively impacted by problems with the gas compression system; downtime required to make repairs to the gas compression system; difficulties with water injection pumps resulting in production limitations due to higher water volumes in the wells; and an over 40-day maintenance shutdown that began in early September.
		Users should note that the value of oil production provided here is a rough estimate based on the average price for Brent Sullom VOE and the Canada/US exchange rate.
	www.economics.gov.nf.ca /bulletins/oil.asp (281 words)

	DWS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Downhole water sink is a new technique for producing water-free hydrocarbons from reservoirs with bottom water drive and strong tendency to water coning.
		Furthermore, the produced waters are contaminated with hydrocarbons and require costly treatment prior to offshore discharges or subsurface injections.
		In the system a well is dually completed in the oil and water zones and the two completions are separated by a packer set inside the well at depth of the oil- water contact.
	www.pete.lsu.edu /dws.htm (4601 words)

	The Oil Drum \| Discussions about Energy and Our Future
		The oil for this is shared, and the share shows up in the production of each country.
		With water injection, the pressure was driven back up, so the need for extra wells was reduced greatly.
		Water injection boosts reservior pressure and greatly boosts production from a given set of wells.
	www.theoildrum.com /story/2005/12/17/235255/09 (2128 words)

	Gulf Region Division
		Oil does not sit in large pools beneath the ground; rather, it is embedded in porous rock.
		To preserve the life of the reservoir, water is injected into the rock to replace the pressure created by the oil.
		Stage Two pumps shoot the stored water from the plant to a series of cluster pump stations to be injected into the oil reservoir.
	www.grd.usace.army.mil /news/releases/recon112404.html (572 words)

	US Filter's Electrocatalytic - Offshore Oil & Gas - Production Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		CHLOROPAC is the recognized champion product in the offshore market with more installations than the total of all of its main competitors.
		Chloropac treats the lift water to prevent bio-fouling by injecting a sodium hypochlorite seawater solution into the lift pump caissons and additionally dosing into the water injection stream prior to the media filters to sterilize and initiate scavenger deoxygenation.
		To prevent scaling in the product well piping, caused by sulphate contamination of the reservoir water reacting with strace barium and strontium in the reservoir water.
	www.electrocatalytic.com /apps/appspec.cfm?id=1 (499 words)

	Resource Investor - Press releases - Cambrian Oil & Gas (COIL) announce Water Injection commences at Beshkent-Togap Oil ...
		Cambrian Oil and Gas Plc announces that it has commenced water injection to improve oil recovery at the Beshkent-Togap oil field in the south west of the Kyrgyz Republic and expects to share in incremental oil production within 3-4 months.
		Increased oil production at nearby producing wells is expected in 3-4 months providing COIL with its first petroleum income; an earlier Soviet-era pilot in the early 1990’s more than doubled oil production from the field before being allowed to fall into disrepair
		COIL holds a 50% equity interest in the uplift in production from the previous level, prior to the water injection project, and after recovery of its capital outlay via an initial 70% share.
	www.resourceinvestor.com /pebble.asp?relid=13656 (732 words)

	Microbial Enchanced Oil recovery - MEOR - Yara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		During oil production, water injection is often used for secondary oil recovery.
		After secondary oil recovery, there are still large amounts of oil left in the reservoir.
		Some baceteria are able to increase the oil production when groing in the oil reservoir.
	www.hcn.hydro.no /en/products/gas_chemicals/applications/microbial_ench_oil_rec_meor.html (85 words)

	Lifestyles Therapeutics
		In October 1893, the world’s first water treatment plant using ozone was installed in Ousbaden, Holland, and today there are over 3000 municipalities around the world that use ozone to clean their water and sewage, including all the great cities.
		Olive oil that has ozone bubbled through it for a short time will smell of ozone but unless the oil has gelled into a stiff salve that will not run when the jar is inverted, there is little oxidative power in it.
		Production of prostacyclin, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, and a vasodilator, is also induced by ozone.
	www.lifestylestherapeutics.com /TSOOzone.html (13231 words)

	Peak Oil News and Message Boards Forums >> Post 397 >> Water Injection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		While this may lead to very high production rates you run the risk of damaging the reservoir (the water bypasses the oil) and overnight you'll find yourself pumping of water instead of oil.
		I have also read that water injection drilling can ruin a well through pressure collapses of structural components of the field, or by forcing the crude into unrecoverable geometries in the ground.
		It seems the people who nail the reserve and production thinking, tend to be overly pessimistic on things outside of the oil industry though.
	www.peakoil.com /post397.html (1238 words)

	Resume - A chemical and facilities eng. with 24 years in major field developments, includ...
		Responsible for the support organizations such as process engineering, project management, reservoirs development, reservoirs studies, oil, gas production and water injection operations, and strategic planning and budget Responsible for the financial results of the mentioned organizations, part of the Asset Business Unit, as well as for the financial results of the asset..
		Lagomedio is an oil, gas and LNG field in the middle of the lake Maracaibo.
		Responsible for the operations organization for gas compression and water injection operations at Center and South Maracaibo Lake, for the recovery of light oil type TJ102, and its budget.
	www.miscojobs.com /employers/resumes/rsm_2543.htm (3544 words)

	CITY OF NEWPORT BEACH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Authorize the purchase of one water injection pump from National Oil Well of Long Beach in the amount of $100,552.50.
		It was determined that the oil layers or sands would need to be pressurized by water flooding in order to increase the production of oil.
		This included the installation of a water treatment system, underground pressurized pipe, electrical control system, a used 1981 water injection pump and the rehabilitation of well number three which is being used as the injection well.
	www.city.newport-beach.ca.us /CouncilAgendas/2003/i05-1315.htm (599 words)

	USFilter Water Injection System Selected For The Dalia Offshore
		The award is the second water injection system with a sulphate removal package supplied by USFilter for Total's operations in Angola.
		USFilter is a leading supplier of water injection and produced water treatment systems and services to the oil and gas market.
		Headquartered in Palm Desert, Calif., USFilter (www.usfilter.com) is a $1 billion water company with 6,100 experienced professionals dedicated to delivering cost-effective, reliable water and wastewater treatment systems and services--guaranteed for quality, safety and compliance--to municipal, industrial, commercial and institutional customers worldwide.
	www.wateronline.com /content/news/article.asp?docid={46E67ACE-BF5D-487D-B2EE-F36140ABD9BE}&VNETCOOKIE=NO (503 words)

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