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Topic: Water mass

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	Density article - Density density (disambiguation) Greek mass volume divided iron water - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Formerly mass and volume were linked by defining the gram to be the mass of one cubic centimeter of water at 4°C which meant that water had density 1 kg/litre.
		However, using one cubic centimetre of water as a standard for one gram is problematic due to the possibility of mass loss from evaporation as well as changes in density with temperature.
		A cubic metre of water thus weighs approximately one metric tonne.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Density (452 words)

	Tsunami - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The tsunami that struck Malé in the Maldives on December 26, 2004.
		Waves are formed as the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity and radiate across the ocean like ripples on a pond.
		Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tsunami (4622 words)

	Water Mass Variations in the Subtropical North Pacific
		HOT Results: Water Mass Variations in the Subtropical North Pacific Since October, 1988, investigators at the University of Hawaii have been conducting a deep-ocean observational project, the Hawaii Ocean time-series (HOT), funded by NSF as part of the U.S. contribution to the WOCE and JGOFS programs.
		The interior of the North Pacific subtropical gyre is supposed to be a region of rather small horizontal gradients of water mass properties such as salinity, dissolved oxygen and inorganic nutrients, whose temporal variations are thus expected to be slow.
		Moving down in the water column, at a density of approximately 26.7 kg/m^3 we find the water mass known as North Pacific Intermediate Water, which is identified by a vertical salinity minimum.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /HOT_WOCE/hilights/watermass.html (704 words)

	Steam generation system mass and feedwater control system - Patent 5406915
		This is the ratio of mass flow in the downcomer 40 to the mass flow of steam leaving the steam generator through the outlet 36.
		Another object of the invention is to achieve the aforementioned objects by controlling the mass of water in the steam generator for respective power conditions of the system or for respective density and flow conditions in the downcomer.
		The mass in the steam generator 9 is a function of the level of the water in the narrow range and the downcomer and the level in the riser section.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5406915.html (6605 words)

	TOS 1998 poster: water mass formation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The high temperature surface water was traditionally believed to be advected into the Bight from the Leeuwin Current, a poleward eastern boundary current which flows along the continental shelf edge of Western Australia (Tomczak and Godfrey, 1994).
		A sequence of satellite images (Figure 3) reveals that the origin of the warm surface water mass is an extensive shallow region in the north west of the Bight.
		The process of local water mass formation and eastward advection of the warm water was verified through numerical modelling which forced the Bight with a surface heat flux and a wind stress field corresponding to the west to east passage of anticyclones.
	www.es.flinders.edu.au /~mattom/GAB/watermass.html (411 words)

	Mass, Volume, Alcohol, Water (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		However, the volume that results from a combination of different liquids may or may not be additive because the things dissolving may produce solutions whose volume may be slightly more or less than the sum of the individual components.
		In the case of ethanol (alcohol) and water the volume of some concentrations is less than the sum of the components.
		Liquid water has a somewhat "open" structure that is broken up by the addition of ethanol so the mixture "collapses".
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/chem03/chem03197.htm (441 words)

	Climatic conditions
		Besides the general synoptical situation and the features of local air mass circulation, the directions and the speeds of the air currents are influenced by the location of the mountain ranges.
		In January, when the water of Baikal is cold and is mixed constantly by wind waves, the overcooled water provokes formation of intro-water grained ice with crystals having the shapes of dice, needles, lentils, peas, and ranging in size from 1-2 to 10-20 millimetres in diameter.
		The temperature of water when this occurs is -0.2°C - -0.4°C. This results in the rustle mass, mostly in the wave-surf zone, near the shore.
	baikal.irkutsk.org /climat.htm (1514 words)

	Comparison of enclosed culture of red tide water mass and contemporaneous red tide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		water mass in the harbor of Ba Yu Quan.
		The water mass were acquired from harbor and the area out of the harbor.
		The dominant species growing in the water mass from the harbor is Leptocylindrus danicus, same as the dominant species of the red tide investigated in the harbor.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~frf/ha01xu.html (171 words)

	Lecture 9
		Water potential was described in detail in the preceding lecture.
		Mass water content is a ratio of water mass to dry soil mass.
		Mass water content is best expressed as a fraction (and often incorrectly expressed as a %).
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec9/Lec9.html (691 words)

	Water mass distribution and spreading
		The water properties of the AAIW are nearly independent of the longitude when compared with the considerable northward increase of salinity and potential temperature (Figs.
		The potential vorticity of a water parcel is conserved as long as no influence from the sea surface or mixing with water of different potential vorticity occurs.
		The rather homogeneous potential vorticity distribution in the gyre indicates that the recirculation dominates the spreading of the AAIW, whereas the influence of the water inputs from the Pacific and Indian Oceans is relatively small.
	www.aoml.noaa.gov /phod/docs/schmidjpo2000/node3.html (1838 words)

	Water mass stability reconstructions from greenhouse (Eocene) to icehouse (Oligocene) for the northern Gulf Coast ...
		We have developed a new method by which to reconstruct the ancient shallow water mass stability on the continental shelf using oxygen isotope variation within mollusc shells and fish otoliths and applied the method to an important interval in Earth history, the most recent transition from Greenhouse (Eocene) to Icehouse (Oligocene) climate modes.
		Significant cooling (∼5°C) of the TBST at this transition indicates that the greater cooling of deeper water relative to surface water caused the increase in water mass stability.
		The changes in water column structure at this transition were the most likely cause of a major extinction of planktonic foraminifera from warm to cold water taxa.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2003PA000934.shtml (447 words)

	Illuminations: Water, Water
		After the second pint of water is poured, ask students to evaluate how close their predictions were.
		If appropriate for your students, you may want to begin an analysis of the data by helping students find the mean of the their predictions of the mass as each pint was added to the gallon container.
		Water, Health, and Nutrition: Help students prepare a breakfast from dried foods, such as powdered orange drink, oatmeal, cocoa with powdered milk, powdered eggs, and dried fruit like raisins or apricots.
	illuminations.nctm.org /index_d.aspx?id=289 (1802 words)

	Mass Percent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Mass percent concentration is defined as the mass of the solute in grams multiplied by 100 divided by the mass of the solution in grams.
		We could use any unit that we wished for mass as long as we were consistent in using the same unit for the solute mass as well as the solution mass.
		Mass percent concentration unit is often used in the Allied Health Professions.
	members.aol.com /profchm/masspct.html (560 words)

	Water Mass Black Sea
		The concepts of the formation of Cold Intermediate Water (CIW) in the Black Sea are revisited on the base of numerical simulations with modular ocean model (MOM) for the period July 1991—June 1995 and validated against the data from three basin-wide surveys carried out during the same period.
		The regionalization of the rate of cold water mass formation demonstrates that the dynamical control is of utmost importance.
		The year-to-year variability of that rate could reach about the half of annual mean values, and the magnitude of the interannual signal of the temperature in the core of Cold Intermediate Layer is comparable with the magnitude of the seasonal one.
	www.icbm.de /nfg-impulse/7885.html (212 words)

	Seasonal-to-interannual water mass formation in the upper tropical Indian Ocean
		An ocean general circulation model coupled to an atmospheric boundary-layer model is used to investigate the seasonal cycle and interannual anomalies of water mass transformation in the upper tropical Indian Ocean.
		The seasonal cycle of thermocline water mass transformation in the Indian Ocean is associated with surface density fluxes and interior mixing.
		Interannual variability in the tropical Indian Ocean generates diabatic changes of water mass characteristics in the upper ocean with significant anomaly amplitudes in the formation of thermocline water for the 1982-1998 period (+6 Sv to −4 Sv).
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2002JC001531.shtml (363 words)

	Air Entrapment by a Falling Water Mass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		ABSTRACT: The impact of a nearly cylindrical water mass on a water surface is studied both experimentally and theoretically.
		The experiments consist of the rapid release of the water from the bottom of a cylindrical container suspended above a large water tank and of the recording of the free-surface shape of the resulting crater with a high speed camera.
		A bubble with a diameter of about twice that of the initial cylinder remains entrapped at the bottom of the crater when the aspect ratio and the energy of the falling water mass are sufficiently large.
	www.me.jhu.edu /~prosper/ab11.html (133 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Impactor ejects mighty water mass
		Swift's X-ray data shows more water was released and over a longer time scale than had previously been thought.
		The radiation traces the interaction between the neutral water molecules and the solar wind, the stream of charged, heavy particles that continually billow away from the Sun.
		The X-ray power output depends on both the water production rate from the comet and the local conditions of the solar wind in the vicinity of the comet, which at the time was about 130 million km from Earth.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/4871934.stm (689 words)

	Wintertime water mass transformation in the Aegean Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		As the thermal stratification in the upper waters weakens during wintertime, the primary barrier to local deep water formation in the 1960's or in 1995 was a layer of low salinity intermediate water at 400 to 800 m depth that separates high salinity surface water from high salinity deep water.
		In 1987, the low salinity intermediate water was nearly absent and typical wintertime net evaporation could then lead to local deep water formation.
		Based on 1987 hydrographic conditions and observed wintertime air-sea exchanges, formation of new deep water in the Aegean Sea is likely to have occurred during the severe winters of 1991 to 1993 in the absence of low salinity intermediate water.
	www.soc.soton.ac.uk /JRD/HYDRO/hlb/aegean.html (226 words)

	Paradise Waters Garden LTD Home Page
		The pages of Our Online Catalog and our Free Guide to Water Gardening are designed to show you how quickly you can have a water garden for a moderate investment.
		Paradise Water Gardens, LTD is located on Route 18, just south of Route 27 in rural Whitman, Massachusetts.
		The captivating art of water gardens has been known to the Japanese for a thousand years.
	www.paradisewatergardens.com (456 words)

	ePrintsUQ - Understanding Air-Water Mass Transfer at Rectangular Dropshafts
		Although similar trends were seen in both model and prototype, scale effects were observed in terms of particle residence times and bubble swarm depths.
		In the prototype, detailed air-water flow measurements were performed in the shaft pool and the mass transfer equation was integrated using measured interfacial areas and particle residence times.
		The results demonstrate that the air-water mass transfer is the largest at low flow rates (regime R1) because of large residence times and significant interfacial area.
	eprint.uq.edu.au /archive/00002510 (453 words)

	- en
		Water mass transformation and subduction in the South Atlantic
		The uncertainty of the estimates of water mass
		denser water masses are exported to the Indian Ocean.
	www.knmi.nl /publicaties/showAbstract.php?id=132.html (273 words)

	Water mass - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Example of different water masses in the Southern Ocean
		An oceanographic water mass is an identifiable body of water which has physical properties distinct from surrounding water.
		Common water masses in the World Ocean are: Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW), the Central Waters of various ocean basins, and various Surface Waters.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Water_mass (111 words)

	Natick, Mass. Drinking Water Quality, Manganese, Perchlorate, Solvents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The wells tend to pull in more toxic material when water usage is highest, such as when people overwater lawns during the summer.
		The town water well at Morses Pond is also close to the more troublesome calcium chromate waste area upstream of the old Henry Woods paint factory waste site.
		The most recent drinking water quality anaylsis for Natick showed that the PCE and Trichloroethylenewas not detectable, with both at levels less than 1 part per billion after treatment.
	naticklabs.org /water.html (1001 words)

	U.S. Geological Survey Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center
		The mission of the USGS Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center is to provide the hydrologic information and understanding necessary for the management and use of the Nation's water resources.
		Water Programs in MA and RI As of August 31, 2006, 9 new streamflow-gaging stations have been installed and seven existing streamflow-gaging stations were upgraded to near-real-time as part of the Expansion of the USGS Cooperative Streamgage Network in Massachusetts
		This map shows the major surface water drainage basins of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and locations of streamflow-gaging stations in operation in 2005.
	ma.water.usgs.gov (459 words)

	what is the specific heat of water (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		… The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g° C. … The heat gained by the water is given by the equation: (3) Heat gained (water) = mass w · specific heat w · Tw.
		… With this definition the specific heat of water between 0°C and 100°C is 1.00 cal/gm× °C to within better than 1%.
		Note that the specific heat capacity of water, c w, is 1 calorie/(gram ·°C).
	www.bokeelia.net /what-is-the-specific.html (310 words)

	water mass balance software needed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		I am searching for water mass balance software for modelling and closing water)mass balance at a facility, able to handle parameters such as hardness and TDS.
		From water softening/ion exchange, reverse osmosis to wastewater tratment.
		Emphasis is on mass balance not on treatment kinetiscs etc. in individual processes.
	www.frenchcreeksoftware.com /_fcsdg/0000003a.htm (48 words)

	IMCS Publications
		Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., K. Hedstrom, H.G. Arango, and D.B. Haidvogel, 2000, Water mass pathways between the subtropical and tropical ocean in a climatological simulation of the North Atlantic ocean circulation, Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans 32 : 331-371
		Habitat quality for shallow water fishes in an urban estuary: The effects of manmade structures on growth.
		The distribution of shallow water juvenile fishes in an urban estuary: the effects of manmade structures in the lower Hudson River.
	www.marine.rutgers.edu /pubs (9954 words)

	Continuous Water Mass Sampling Using STED
		During that conflict, U.S. Navy submarine crews utilized a mechanical bathythermograph to record water temperatures as the submarine performed a depth excursion.
		Clearly, there is a need to sample the water mass surrounding the moving submarine continuously.
		This continuous sampling is necessary to depict accurately the highly dynamic nature of the sound velocity structure found in the littoral regions of the world where we find ourselves operating with increasing frequency.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/2000/sted.htm (1261 words)

	Water mass formation in the Black Sea during 1991-1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Water mass formation in the Black Sea during 1991-1995
		Stanev, E.V. et.al.: Water mass formation in the Black Sea during 1991-1995
		The concepts of the formation of Cold Intermediate Water (CIW) in the Black Sea are revisited on the base of numerical simulations with modular ocean model (MOM) for the period July 1991 June 1995 and validated against the data from three basin-wide surveys carried out during the same period.
	www.icbm.de /~physoz/download/stanev02e.html (241 words)

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