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Topic: Water pressure

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	Water pressure
		Water pressure determines the flow of water from the tap.
		If pressure is not sufficient then the flow can reduce to a trickle and it will take a long time to fill a kettle or a cistern.
		It is important that customers seek advice from the water company before this type of equipment is installed to check whether the pressure in their area is sufficient for these systems to operate efficiently.
	www.ofwat.gov.uk /aptrix/ofwat/publish.nsf/Content/waterpressure (791 words)

	Water Pressure
		Water pressure is created by water forcing its way through the distribution system to your tap.
		The pressure regulator is a bell-shaped device and is typically installed on the inlet pipe, next to the hose bib and house valve.
		A frequent cause of low water pressure is a valve that was closed during routine servicing of a water softener or other water conditioning device.
	www.irwd.com /WaterQuality/pressure.php (709 words)

	TN Water Use: Glossary
		With respect to water movement, it is not just the total magnitude of porosity that is important, but the size of the voids and the extent to which they are interconnected, as the pores in a formation may be open, or interconnected, or closed and isolated.
		In water quality, specific conductance is used in ground water monitoring as an indication of the presence of ions of chemical substances that may have been released by a leaking landfill or other waste storage or disposal facility.
		The coefficient of transmissibility is the rate of flow of water, at the prevailing water temperature, in gallons per day, through a vertical strip of the aquifer one foot wide, extending the full saturated height of the aquifer under a hydraulic gradient of 100-percent.
	tn.water.usgs.gov /wustates/tn/glossary.html (5329 words)

	Water Conservation \| Backyard Conservation \| Features \| NRCS
		Simple ways of reducing the amount of water used for irrigation include growing xeriphytic species (plants that are adapted to dry conditions), mulching, adding water retaining organic matter to the soil, and installing windbreaks and fences to slow winds and reduce evapotranspiration.
		Watering in the early morning before the sun is intense helps reduce the water lost from evaporation.
		Water is a critical component of photosynthesis, the process by which plants manufacture their own food from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light.
	www.nrcs.usda.gov /feature/backyard/watercon.html (1498 words)

	Thames Water Utilities - Learn about water - Water pressure
		Water pressure is a measure of the force that gets the water through our mains and into your pipes.
		Pressure is normally higher late at night when very little water is being taken from our network and most people’s taps are closed.
		Customers can make changes to their internal plumbing to increase their water pressure - for example by ensuring their stop tap is fully open, or checking that any systems that depend on the pressure of water reaching the property are set to the statutory minimum level of 1 bar/10 metres head.
	www.thames-water.com /UK/region/en_gb/content/Section_Homepages/Section_Homepage_000464.jsp?SECT=Section_Homepage_000464 (431 words)

	Atlantis Plumbing - Water Pressure Regulators (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pressure regulators are mounted inline on the incoming water supply and can be exposed or buried.
		Pressure regulators control both the water pressure and the flow rate of the incoming water supply.
		The most common indicators of a malfunctioning regulator are high/low water pressure, high/low water flow, surging water, banging pipes, vibrating pipes, leaking toilet fill valves, leaking hot water relief valves, broken pipes and leaking faucets.
	www.atlantisplumbing.com /Regulators.htm (306 words)

	Water Pressure - Keidel Bath, Plumbing, Kitchen - Cincinnati, OH
		The pressure of the water delivered to your home will vary depending on your elevation relative to the source, as well as the complexity and condition of the piping system that delivers it.
		If the water pressure entering your home exceeds this level, you may need to install a pressure regulator in the line to reduce the pressure to an acceptable range.
		If the low pressure in your system is caused by an obstruction in a supply line, or if the line to your house is undersized, pressure may not be able to be increased.
	www.keidel.com /resource/water/pressure.htm (905 words)

	Water Pressure & Supply
		In general, the residential water pressure is more dependent on the ground elevation and the design of the plumbing within a house.
		The volume of water required to fight a fire is substantially more than the typical volume of water used by a house.
		However, the volume of water that we produce on any day is dependent on the quality and characteristics of the river on a daily basis.
	www.epcor.ca /Customers/HomeSmallBus/Water/Water+Pressure+and+Supply (688 words)

	West Ames Water Distribution System Improvements - Details
		To facilitate the movement of water between the high service pump station located at the Water Plant and the new west pressure zone, a number of modifications were made to the distribution piping.
		To provide the necessary increase in the energy gradient (and the resulting increase in water pressure) for the new west pressure zone, a new booster pump station is needed.
		This measure converts water pressure to the equivalent height of a water column that would be necessary to produce the pressure at the base of the column.
	www.city.ames.ia.us /waterweb/Water_Plant/SAM-MAC/pressure_details.htm (1238 words)

	Pressure
		Static is pressure supplied by the mass of water per unit area and dynamic is pressure supplied by mass combined with the energy of motion.
		The water is sitting still in the reservoir, exerting pressure on the reservoir bottom and on the dam.
		Water flowing through a pipe exerts more pressure on the pipe than the static pressure which would be exerted if the water in the pipe was standing still.
	water.me.vccs.edu /concepts/pressure.html (789 words)

	How to diagnose water pump short cycling and how to restore lost air in a building water pressure tank - private pump ...
		So while water is running in a building served by a private well, part of the time the water flow is being maintained only by air pressure in the water tank, and part of the time the water flow is being boosted by the pump during its "on" cycle.
		Water pressure surging at the sink or tub faucets: If you see the water pressure spurting or changing between good pressure and weak pressure every 5-20 seconds, the water pump is turning on and off to rapidly, and something's amiss in the system.
		However at the pressure tank is a pressure switch which senses the water pressure and turns the pump on (at low pressure, typically 20 psi or 30 psi) and off at the end of the pump cycle (at high pressure, typically 40 psi or 50 psi).
	www.inspect-ny.com /water/watertank.htm (6193 words)

	Water Treatment Plant Pressure Districts (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The water pressure in this district is regulated by the height of the water in the 0.5 MG elevated tank.
		The water in the storage tank is replenished by water from the Gravity district under gravity pressure.
		The water pressure in the South East district is regulated by the height of the water in the 0.5 MG elevated tank within this district.
	www.ci.ann-arbor.mi.us /PublicServices/Water/WTP/pressuredist.html (534 words)

	Water Pressure and the Ocean
		You often will feel an increase in pressure on your eardrums and they will also feel as though they are about to pop.
		In the United States, pressure is usually measured in pounds per square inch (PSI); in international usage, in kilograms per square centimeters.
		The pressure at 10,000m is roughly 1000 atm (atmosphere), 1000 times higher than at sea level.
	www.msu.edu /~radema18/WaterPressureandtheOcean.htm (483 words)

	Water Pressure Washers
		Sioux cold pressure washers are excellent for lighter cleaning jobs such as washing off dirt, dust and mud, and maintaining vehicles and grounds.
		Cold pressure washers are easy units to operate, since water is not heated, therefore there are fewer components, and less maintenance, The initial cost and operating expense of cold pressure washers is less than most other cleaning methods.
		With a Dakota™ Series steam cleaner, when heated water at a temperature of 320anddeg;F and a pressure of 250 PSI flashes into vapor as it passes through the steam nozzle, there is tremendous expansion, producing about the same impact as a 1,000 PSI pressure washer, with 86% more heat transferred for cleaning.
	www.water-pressure-washers.usgr.com /sioux-water-pressure-washers.html (1557 words)

	Pressure on water decision builds - The Boston Globe
		Fred Laskey, the executive director of the water authority, concedes that the water supplier is interested in bringing in new customers to help pay down $5 billion in debt the agency collected through the Boston Harbor cleanup project and capital improvements, including a new ozone water treatment plant.
		The water authority was shipping more water during the 1980s than it is today, thanks to water conservation efforts and infrastructure upgrades, Laskey said.
		Laskey said he believes the water hookup would be a good situation for Reading, the Ipswich River, and the water authority but stressed that it is a local decision and the town needs to come to its own conclusions.
	www.boston.com /news/local/articles/2006/04/20/pressure_on_water_decision_builds (1142 words)

	Fluid pressure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fluid pressure is the pressure at some point within a fluid, such as water or air.
		Pressure in open conditions usually can be approximated as the pressure in "static" or non-moving conditions (even in the ocean where there are waves and currents), because the motions create only negligible changes in the pressure.
		The concepts of fluid pressure are predominantly attributed to the discoveries of Blaise Pascal and Daniel Bernoulli.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Water_pressure (195 words)

	Thames Water Utilities - Learn about water - Water pressure
		Water pressure is a measure of the force that gets the water through our mains and into your pipes.
		It is measured in ‘bars’ – one bar is the force needed to raise water to a height of 10 metres.
		Customers can make changes to their internal plumbing to increase their water pressure - for example by ensuring their stop tap is fully open, or checking that any systems that depend on the pressure of water reaching the property are set to the statutory minimum level of 1 bar/10 metres head.
	www.thameswater.co.uk /UK/region/en_gb/content/Section_Homepages/Section_Homepage_000464.jsp?SECT=Section_Homepage_000464 (431 words)

	TVE's Earth Report
		Water Pressure is one part of a package of four programmes providing an in-depth look at EU environmental policy and the roadblocks at the national level facing its application.
		Water Pressure covers an environmental disaster in Romania, a prospective member of the EU,and investigates how two EU member states, Portugal and the UK, are coping with the challenge to improve the quality of their water.
		Water Pressure was produced in collaboration with the European Commission and the WWF European Policy Office.
	www.tve.org /earthreport/archive/09Apr2000.html (720 words)

	Pressure at Water Depth Calculator
		Water pressure is how much water is pressing down on something underwater.
		The deeper down you go in the water, the more water pressure there is. Scuba divers have to be careful when diving deeper and coming back up because of the different water pressures.
		Hall usually uses psi as his pressure unit because that means pounds per square inch or how many pounds is pressing down on a single inch under the water.
	www.mrhall.org /science/waterpressurecalc/waterpressurecalc.htm (111 words)

	Halfbakery: Low Water Pressure Safety Valve
		Constant pressure is no more of a problem for a pipe than constant weight is for building materials.
		The sound could be generated by a fluttering apparatus in the water stream.
		Water flow in the absence of flutter vibrations would trigger a shutdown.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/Low_20Water_20Pressure_20Safety_20Valve (647 words)

	Low Water Pressure in Faucets
		This older design allowed vast amounts of water to flow through a faucet and this is not a great thing when we have a growing population and limited fresh water supplies.
		I am convinced the drop in water volume and pressure at the two faucets was caused by small pieces of sediment or some other debris that clogged a passageway within the valve cartridge and/or the tiny orifices within the aerator and or a flow restrictor.
		This allows the pressure within the piping system to build slowly and a majority of sediment might be carried outdoors if the repair was made between the location of the hose faucet and the main water inlet to the home.
	www.askthebuilder.com /612_Low_Water_Pressure_in_Faucets.shtml (1193 words)

	Boulder/GNC Water Well: Raising your water pressure
		Check the air pressure in the pressure tank with a tire gauge at the air valve located on the tank.
		Adjust the air pressure in the tank with your compressor (or bike pump) to 2 PSI less than the desired pump turn-on point.
		Run the water again and verify that the pressure when the pump turns on and off is your desired range.
	www.waterwell.cc /pressure.htm (486 words)

	Wellowner.org - Water Pressure/
		It is one you want to take seriously because constant water pressure not only makes life more comfortable, it aids water softeners, iron removal devices, and other equipment in working more efficiently and helping provide you with safe, potable water.
		A pressure tank in a water system is designed to have extra gallons of water on reserve so small demands don't require the pump to switch on.
		Contact your local water systems expert if you are having a problem with water pressure or something else within your system.
	www.wellowner.org /awellmaintenance/waterpressure.shtml (622 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Water Towers Work" (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The water tower must be tall enough to supply that level of pressure to all of the houses and businesses in the area of the tower.
		The water is treated in a water treatment plant to remove sediment (by filtration and/or settling) and bacteria (typically with ozone, ultraviolet light and chlorine).
		During a fire, the water demand increases significantly and may greatly exceed the capacity of the pumps at the water plant.
	www.howstuffworks.com /water2.htm (1074 words)

	Water Quality/Pressure Concerns
		When there is any type of disruption to the distribution system such as a surge or increase in flow, a water main break or use of a fire hydrant, it can cause the sediment to become stirred into the water.
		If you experience discolored water after work is completed in your area, consider replacing galvanized pipe on your property as this could be a source of low pressure or discoloration.
		Water in the distribution system is under pressure causing any air present to be dissolved until the pressure is released at the tap.
	www.aacounty.org /DPW/Utilities/waterQuality_pressure.cfm (614 words)

	Water Heater Pressure Relief Valve (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The solution is to install an expansion tank in the cold water line between the backflow valve and the water heater.
		Water pressure regulators reduce the pressure delivered by the water district to between 50 and 70 psi.
		When the regulator fails, water pressure to the home increases putting a strain on valves, hoses and appliances they were not designed to withstand.
	www.factsfacts.com /MyHomeRepair/PressureRelief.htm (1105 words)

	Water - Sewer Issues...: Water Pressure Problems
		Sometimes water pressure in a home begins to lessen or it may increase.
		It’s typically near the household shut-off valve and water meter, and is part of the household plumbing, and is not owned by Howard County.
		Turn water to the PRV off by turning off the main waterline leading to the PRV - this valve is usually located where the waterline enters the home.
	www.co.ho.md.us /dpw/u_pressure.htm (558 words)

	All about Water Pressure
		Also connected to the distribution system is an elevated storage tank that typically holds around a million gallons of water high in the air.
		The measure of how much pressure a customer has in their house is simply the vertical distance between the faucet in the customer's home to the water level in the tank.
		As you can see from the picture, customers that live in higher elevations will have lower water pressure than customers at the lower elevations because they have less distance between them and the water level in the tank.
	www.scwa.com /environment/waterpressure.cfm (255 words)

	Water Level Sensor or Submersible Pressure Tranducer. Water level transducers,depth,gauge,water ...
		The Water Level Sensor's submersible pressure transducer is fully encapsulated with marine-grade epoxy so that moisture can never leak in or work its way down the vent tube to cause drift or level sensor failure (as is the case with other pressure sensors).
		The water level sensor is also has automatically barometric compensation due to the attached vent cable and protected by a stainless steel micro-screen cap, which makes fouling with silt, mud, or sludge virtually impossible.
		Water level sensor is housed in a 8" PVC (PRPP) or stainless steel pipe with 3/4" NPT male thread (PRPM) for logging pressure in municipal water systems.
	www.globalw.com /products/levelsensor.html (1071 words)

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