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Topic: Water vapor

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	Intellicast.com - Water Vapor - United States
		Home » US » Satellite » Water Vapor
		The Water Vapor image shows areas of moist and dry air at mid-levels of the atmosphere (about 12,000 feet).
		Your use of this site constitutes your acceptance of the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy
	www.intellicast.com /National/Satellite/WaterVapor.aspx (65 words)

	AGU Web Site: Water Vapor in the Climate System. A Special Report.
		Water vapor is water in the gaseous phase.
		Water vapor is constantly cycling through the atmosphere, evaporating from the surface, condensing to form clouds blown by the winds, and subsequently returning to the Earth as precipitation.
		As is shown in Figure 3, almost all water vapor in the atmosphere originates at the surface of the Earth, where water evaporates from the ocean and the continents owing to the Sun's radiation, and is transpired by plants and respired by animals into the atmosphere.
	www.agu.org /sci_soc/mockler.html (4752 words)

	EO Library: The Water Cycle Page 2
		In the hydrologic cycle, individual water molecules travel between the oceans, water vapor in the atmosphere, water and ice on the land, and underground water.
		After the water enters the lower atmosphere, rising air currents carry it upward, often high into the atmosphere, where the air cools and loses its capacity to support water vapor.
		As a result, the excess water vapor condenses (i.e., changes from a gas to a liquid) to form cloud droplets, which can eventually grow and produce precipitation (including rain, snow, sleet, freezing rain, and hail), the primary mechanism for transporting water from the atmosphere back to the Earth's surface.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Library/Water/water_2.html (872 words)

	Vapor Drive (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If the air on the outside is fully populated with molecules of water vapor and the air on the inside is sparsely populated, it is easy to understand the water vapor wants to even itself out between the two air volumes.
		The water vapor molecules on the outside are going to try their hardest to get to the inside and even things up.
		Water vapor molecules in the house will migrate up to and through the ceilings into the insulation, up through the insulation, into the attic and hopefully the air moving through the attic will carry them off.
	www.monolithic.com /plan_design/vapor_drive/index.html (1074 words)

	Earth-Atmosphere System
		Specific humidity is the ratio of the mass of water vapor in a parcel of air to the total mass of the moist air, including both the dry air and the water vapor.
		Water vapor is the most abundant of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the most important in establishing the Earth's climate.
		Precipitable water decreases from the equator to the poles.
	www.engr.colostate.edu /~ramirez/ce_old/classes/ce422_ramirez/CE422_Web/WaterVapor/water_vapor_CE322.htm (1474 words)

	Water Vapor Myths: A Brief Tutorial
		The term saturation vapor pressure arose because it was believed that this was the maximum amount of water vapor that could be dissolved in air.
		John Dalton concluded that the vapor pressure of water in air is independent of the existence of the air (Brutsaert 1991, Cardwell 1968, Greenaway 1966, Ostwald 1891, Dalton 1803).
		Water vapor is not dissolved in air and air does not "hold" water vapor.
	fermi.jhuapl.edu /people/babin/vapor/index.html (1470 words)

	The Water Cycle: Condensation, from USGS Water Science Basics
		As condensation occurs and liquid water forms from the vapor, the water molecules become organized in a less random structure, which is less random than in vapor, and heat is released into the atmosphere as a result.
		Even though clouds are absent in a crystal clear blue sky, water is still present in the form of water vapor and droplets which are too small to be seen.
		Condensation is responsible for the water covering the inside of a window on a cold day (unless you are lucky enough to have double-paned windows that keep the inside pane relatively warm) and for the moisture on the inside of car windows, especially after people have been exhaling moist air.
	ga.water.usgs.gov /edu/watercyclecondensation.html (1435 words)

	The Water Cycle: Evaporation, from USGS Water Science Basics
		Evaporation is the primary pathway that water moves from the liquid state back into the water cycle as atmospheric water vapor.
		A very small amount of water vapor enters the atmosphere through sublimation, the process by which water changes from a solid (ice or snow) to a gas, bypassing the liquid phase.
		The result is that the waters of the Dead Sea have the highest salinity and density (which is why you float "higher" when you lay in the water) of any sea in the world, too high to support life.
	ga.water.usgs.gov /edu/watercycleevaporation.html (926 words)

	SBWATER.ORG: Saving You Water
		Water is usually found in its liquid state, but is also common in its gaseous state as vapor in the air, or as a solid (frozen).
		Water is the only substance found on the earth naturally in three forms: solid, liquid and gas.
		Water is used over and over by nature and is recycled in the water cycle.
	www.sbwater.org /WaterChemistry.htm (1795 words)

	USATODAY.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Water is so common that most of us, most of the time pay little attention to it even though without it life as we know it would not exist.
		Water, as it turns out, is one of the main sources of the energy needed to run the Earth's weather machine.
		Water is special because it's the only substance that can exist in all three phases at Earth's ordinary temperatures, and it's common to have all three phases together at the same time.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/wwatphse.htm (463 words)

	USATODAY.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air, not the total amount of vapor and liquid.
		Since water vapor is a greenhouse gas, it should increase warming as it increases.
		Saturation of air: The condition under which the amount of water vapor in the air is the maximum possible at the existing temperature and pressure.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/whumdef.htm (1114 words)

	How Groundwater Fits Into The Water Cycle
		The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, begins when water from the earth’s soil, plants, and water bodies turns into water vapor through the process of evaporation.
		More and more water vapor combines with the water droplet until it is too heavy to stay in the sky any longer.
		In the water cycle, water is constantly on the move.
	www.groundwater.org /kc/gwwatercycle.html (271 words)

	The Vapor Canopy Hypothesis Holds No Water
		The "vapor canopy hypothesis" states that before the flood, the water existed in the atmosphere as water vapor.
		Now the "vapor canopy" would form a part of the atmosphere, being a body of gas (water vapor) gravitationally held to the earth.
		There would have to be enough vapor to form 9km of liquid, when condensed, and, therefore the vapor would weigh as much as 9km of water.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/canopy.html (624 words)

	Climate Change Update -- Climate Class
		Water is even more efficient than CO2 at trapping radiant heat (infrared) — and there is more water vapor in the atmosphere than any of the other trace greenhouse gases.
		Water vapor makes up a portion of the atmosphere ranging from nearly zero percent to nearly 2 percent (compared to 0.037% for CO2).
		Water vapor is one of the most important “storehouses” of energy in the atmosphere and in the climate system.
	www.nsc.org /EHC/climate/ccucla6.htm (897 words)

	Plants and the Water Cycle
		Students learn that rain water is taken up by plant roots, which feed the water through the plant stem and back to leaves once again to continue the water cycle.
		Water turns from this liquid form into a gas (vapor) form during the transpiration process.
		Water is absorbed in the roots of the plants, travels through the trunk, stems, and branches and then transpires though tiny pores in the leaves.
	www.ias.sdsmt.edu /RSEL/Outreach/ESC/ESC_CD/LESSONS/PLANTS_WATER_CYCLE/LESSON_PLAN.HTM (1925 words)

	On water vapor and climate change \| By Umbra Fisk \| Grist \| Ask Umbra \| 26 Apr 2006
		Water vapor does offer us "climate feedback." On the simplest level: as the atmosphere warms, it is able to, and will, hold more moisture.
		Moisture in the form of water vapor, which will be retained and itself make the atmosphere warmer, leading to higher water retention in the atmosphere, and on and on.
		Water vapor is not "the best" at causing global warming, because it has a short life in the atmosphere.
	www.grist.org /advice/ask/2006/04/26/vapor (1375 words)

	AMS Glossary
		Approximately half of all of the atmospheric water vapor is found below 2-km altitude, and only a minute fraction of the total occurs above the tropopause.
		Water vapor is important not only as the raw material for cloud and rain and snow, but also as a vehicle for the transport of energy (latent heat) and as a regulator of planetary temperatures through absorption and emission of radiation, most significantly in the thermal infrared (the greenhouse effect).
		The amount of water vapor present in a given air sample may be measured in a number of different ways, involving such concepts as absolute humidity, mixing ratio, dewpoint, relative humidity, specific humidity, and vapor pressure.
	amsglossary.allenpress.com /glossary/search?id=water-vapor1 (189 words)

	The Earth's Water Budget: storage and fluxes
		Water covers 70% of the earth's surface, but it is difficult to comprehend the total amount of water when we only see a small portion of it.
		To visualize the amount of water contained in these storages, imagine that the entire amount of the earth's annual precipitation fell upon the state Texas.
		Also, there is enough water in the oceans to fill a five-mile deep container having a base of 7,600 miles on each side.
	ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu /(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/bdgt.rxml (188 words)

	Vapor Pressure
		The temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure is called the boiling point.
		Ordinary evaporation is a surface phenomenon - since the vapor pressure is low and since the pressure inside the liquid is equal to atmospheric pressure plus the liquid pressure, bubbles of water vapor cannot form.
		The boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the saturated vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the surrounding atmospheric pressure.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/kinetic/vappre.html (610 words)

	Water Vapor Instrument
		at a rate proportional to the air density, at altitudes of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere the observed detector signal is proportional to the water vapor volume mixing ratio.
		The instrument is calibrated in the laboratory both before and after each field deployment by flowing known amounts of water vapor in the air through the detection axis [Weinstock et al., 1994].
		The accuracy of the laboratory water vapor calibration system is 3%, based on uncertainties in temperature, pressure, and gas flow, and has been verified by direct absorption both along and across the detection axis.
	www.arp.harvard.edu /sci/atmobs/h2o/vapor.html (749 words)

	Vapor--Not Liquid Water--Spurs Seeds' Sprouting / January 7, 2003 / News from the USDA Agricultural Research Service
		Wuest also found that, thanks to water vapor, seeds separated from soil by a layer of fiberglass cloth germinated just as well as those touching the soil.
		Similarly, seeds are able to absorb their needed water from vapor in the soil.
		In fact, liquid water is not nearly as important as previously thought and may only account for 15 percent of water taken up by germinating seeds.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/pr/2003/030107.htm (341 words)

	Water vapour - A greenhouse gas
		The contribution of water vapor to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect (i.e., that portion of greenhouse warming caused exclusively by humans) is still controversial.
		Yet water vapor not only holds the pole position concerning the natural greenhouse effect, but also participates in the additional absorption of heat in the atmosphere which is exclusively caused by human activities.
		For the present, a consensus of selected high-level researchers at the international level has agreed that the contribution of water vapor to anthropogenic warming is assumed to be in the neighborhood of 50%.
	www.espere.net /Unitedkingdom/water/uk_watervapour.html (1393 words)

	CIMSS Water Vapor Imagery Tutorial -- Introduction and History
		Water vapor comprises only 1-4% (by volume) of the atmosphere, yet it plays a critical role (along with carbon dioxide, ozone, and other so-called "greenhouse gases") in the Earth's energy balance.
		Water vapor absorbs and reradiates electromagnetic radiation in various wavelength bands, most notably the infrared 6-7 micron band.
		Water vapor is therefore a "passive tracer" which can be used to represent three-dimensional atmospheric motions on the meso and synoptic scale.
	cimss.ssec.wisc.edu /goes/misc/wv/wv_intro.html (830 words)

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